中国铝土矿资源潜力预测评价

铝土矿是铝的主要来源,我国铝土矿的产量和储量均居世界前列。为摸清我国铝土矿资源家底,制定合理的经济产业政策,需要对铝土矿资源潜力进行准确预测。我国铝土矿可分为沉积型、堆积型和红土型,以沉积型为主,占总资源储量的80%以上。沉积型主要成矿时代为石炭纪和二叠纪,而堆积型和红土型为第四纪。铝土矿的成矿与碳酸盐岩和基性岩基底有关,受岩相古地理条件、古气候条件、古地貌等条件控制。在地质研究基础上,划分了18个铝土矿成矿区带,其中山西断隆区、华北陆块南缘、桂西南、桂中南、黔中等为最重要的成矿区带。在典型矿床研究的基础上,分析了三种类型铝土矿的预测要素,并建立了预测模型.采用矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法,利用计算机信息技术(特别是GIS技术),挖掘成矿信息,编制预测要素图,并采用成矿地质体体积法估算了2 000m深度以浅预测资源量。预测结果表明,我国铝土矿1 000m深度以浅有较大找矿潜力,目前资源查明率仅为35.6%,除河南、广西、山西、贵州等资源大省外,云南、重庆、山东、河北、陕西也具较大的找矿远景。预测结果为铝土矿勘查工作部署提供了科学依据。     

广西堆积型铝土矿成矿特征与资源潜力预测

在区域成矿特征与典型矿床研究的基础上,系统总结了广西堆积型铝土矿的成矿地质、地球化学和遥感特征,深入分析了堆积型铝土矿的成矿控制因素,建立了区域成矿模式。在此基础上,运用基于GIS的矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法对广西堆积型铝土矿进行了综合定位和定量预测,共圈定了102个最小预测区,估算未查明预测资源量3.03×108t。该成果对广西堆积型铝土矿进一步找矿工作具有重要的指导意义。     

中国铝土矿资源现状和潜力分析

按照矿床模型综合地质信息矿产预测方法,在中大比例尺勘探数据的基础上,全国各省分预测工作区对不同矿产预测类型分别按500m和1000m的预测深度,对全国铝土矿圈定成矿远景区,使用地质参数体积法估算潜在资源量。以此为基础,按照单位面积查明资源量及预测资源量定量统计,分析全国重要的铝土矿潜力区,为铝土矿找矿勘查部署提出参考建议。     

遵义铝土矿(带)找矿模式及远景预测

遵义铝土矿(带)中的各矿区(段),历经多年的地质普查与勘探,累计探明各级矿石储量5347万吨,具有大型矿床的远景规模,现已载入《中国矿床发现史·综合卷》内.文章简要地论述了遵义铝土矿的区域地质、矿床地质特征和矿床成因类型;重点阐明了在研究遵义铝土矿赋存富集规律和总结找矿标志的基础上,所建立的区域性找矿模式,对今后在黔北地区寻找半隐伏、隐伏铝土矿床具有一定的指导意义.文章遵循"从已知到未知"的原则,对遵义铝土矿带的外围进行了成矿远景预测,初步划分了5个远景预测区.     

铝土矿潜力评价工作中预测地质变量的选取

山西省铝土矿资源量约占全国铝土矿资源总量的40%以上,铝土矿资源潜力评价(预测)工作中铝土矿预测地质变量的选取至关重要,本文逐一对铝土矿预测变量进行分析,提出了较为合理的预测研究变量。     

江西城门山矿区深部Mo资源量预测方法

化探找矿正逐步从定性走向定量,在前人研究的基础上,提出了适用于老矿区深部探矿工程少、埋藏较深的矿产资源量估算的计算方法——面金属量积分法和三维地质体块段法。以江西城门山矿区为例,以区内主要含Mo地质体为计算对象,依据各中段面Mo的成晕地球化学信息,结合城门山三维地质—地球化学实体模型,对矿区浅部(第一空间0~-500 m)和深部(第二空间-500~-1 000 m)Mo资源量进行了估算。从计算结果来看,2种方法对浅部资源量估算结果都与已知储量相吻合,深部预测以三维地质体块段法更理想。     

贵州务正道地区铝土矿成矿规律浅析

为配合贵州务正道铝土矿整装勘查区勘查工作,在开展贵州务正道铝土矿整装勘查区矿产调查与找矿预测的基础上,本文对贵州务正道地区铝土矿成矿规律分析,总结铝土矿矿床成矿特征、成矿规律和控矿因素,提高本区铝土矿地质研究水平,提升铝土矿调查程度及服务于资源安全具有一定的意义。     

广西红土型高铁三水铝土矿资源潜力预测

在对区域成矿特征与典型矿床研究的基础上,系统总结了广西红土型高铁三水铝土矿的成矿地质特征,深入分析了红土型高铁三水铝土矿成矿的控制因素。进而运用基于GIS的“矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法”对广西红土型高铁三水铝土矿进行了综合定位和定量预测,共圈定了42个最小预测区,估算未查明预测资源量7.67×108t。该成果对广西红土型高铁三水铝土矿进一步勘查开发具有重要的指导意义。     

综合应用多种估算方法于资源储量估算——以内蒙古某冶金熔剂用石英岩矿为例

本文以等高线法、水平投影地质块段法、平行断面法以及水平投影地质块段法配合水平断面法在矿山资源储量估算中的应用实例为背景，对多种储量估算方法在矿山资源储量估算中的综合应用进行研究。经实际应用发现，多种储量估算方法在矿山资源储量估算中的综合应用不但具有高效、准确的特点外，还可最大限度降低各因素对矿体资源储量的影响，使资源储量估算更为准确。     

矿产资源定量评价在火山岩铀资源中的应用研究

在详细分析各种勘查资料、综合利用地质科研成果的基础上开展预测与评价，查明研究区内矿产资源总量及其质量状况，对科学地指导进一步的矿产普查，勘探和深部评价工作，合理开发矿产资源，保证矿产资源的可持续利用，无疑具有十分重要的意义。矿产资源预测与定量评价是涉及多层次，多因素的综合决策问题，已经发展和应用了许多方法和技术来进行这方面的研究。随着计算机技术和信息处理技术的发展，近年来矿产资源定量评价向综合化、模式化，定量化，可视化、动态化，系统化转移。文章根据实例分析，研究了矿产资源预测及质量评价的某些方法。在已有的成矿地质模型基础上，利用信息量法和逻辑矢量长度法等方法筛选与成矿密切相关的地质变量。根据它们对成矿的贡献，建立成矿有利度预测模型并依此圈出有利成矿区。运用丰度法，吉波夫法和逆推法等方法估算预测区的资源总量，以各成矿区的成矿有利度和面积为权将资源总量进行分配，经保矿系数校正后，圈定远景区并对预测资源进行质量评价。     

The water resources of lakes in China

This paper mainly deals with water resources of China's lakes. Lakes in China are mainly scattered over five drainage basins, with a total area of 73,580 km² and a storage capacity of 746,000 million m³, in which the fresh water amounts to 221,000 million m³. The water resources of lakes are not evenly distributed in the regions. Their variations within a year and between years are great. So attention should be paid to the rational utilization of water resources and the problems in mangement need careful and skilful handling.     

Value of tectonic regions in the United States

Occurrence of mineral resources is directly or indirectly controlled by major tectonic processes. Additionally, similar mineral deposit types tend to be concentrated within geologically and tectonically similar areas. As a result, information on the production history of minerals in a well-explored and developed tectonic region—such as within the United States—can be used to estimate resources of geologically similar, underdeveloped tectonic areas elsewhere. For such application, two regions should be compared for geologic similarity using all available geologic information. Estimates of resources based on geologic analogy can be useful in large-scale mineral exploration programs where relatively little geologic information is available, such as in many developing countries. In this study, seven major tectonic regions within the United States are evaluated in terms of estimated mineral value as measured by historical mineral production and economic reserves. The seven regions assessed are: (1) Cordilleran Mountain Belt, (2) Colorado Plateau, (3) Central Stable Region, (4) Canadian Shield, (5) Ozark-Ouachtia Province, (6) Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plain, and (7) Appalachian Mountain Belt. Regions are ranked in terms of estimated value of (1) 33 major mineral commodities, (2) nonfuel minerals, (3) hydrocarbons, and (4) individual mineral commodities. In terms of total value of historical mineral production and estimated economic reserve amounts of 33 major mineral commodities, the Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plain is most valuable, with an estimated value of 1980 US$1,970,000/km². Information on historical mineral production of U.S. tectonic regions may be useful in estimating resources in tectonically similar, underdeveloped regions elsewhere.     

矿床统计预测方法流程研究

在矿床统计预测的方法流程研究中，采用了直接找矿和成矿预测相结合；获取第一手找矿信息和收集处理前人资料相结合；地质、物化探、遥感影象分析和数学地质方法的计算机处理相结合；大、中比例尺预测相结合的研究方法，其方法流程为资料收集整理，成矿区带划分和找矿远景区圈定；编制找矿信息卡片，野外找矿；找矿靶区圈定和优选；资源量预测；评述和建议，在新疆长期的科研实践表明，该项研究是一套行之有效的综合性的科学研究方法     

Statistical Prediction of Endogenetic Gold Deposit in East Junggar,Xinjiang

The system of mineral deposit statistical prediction methods, based on the similarity-analogy theory, searching anomaly theory and the theory of ore-controlling by quantitative assemblage of metallotects, can he summarized into the following aspects: (1)concluding main ore-controlling conditions and ore-hunting indicators from typical deposits; (2)establishing geological concept model of deposits; (3)selecting geological variable and dividing study units and granting specific value for each variable; (4)by the use of geological and mathematical geology method, building predication model , delineating prospective area for exploration and estimating the total resources; (5)evaluating the prospecting work . It is good practice to use this system for metallogenic prognosis and regional prospecting of gold deposit in East Junggar, Xinjiang and has achieved great success . As a result, we discovered the Kubusu gold mineralized belt , delineated prospective area , estimated total resources of gold in the belt a     

Assessment of Global Seismic Loss Based on Macroeconomic Indicators

Most earthquake loss studies use a probabilistic approach in which predicted damages in various categories of structure and facilities in the region in concern are estimated and added together to obtain a total loss for particular intensity ranges. Such an approach requires a detailed inventory database of the structures and facilities in the region, which is not always readily available in many regions of the world. We have used an alternative means of estimating earthquake losses based on several macroeconomic indices such as the gross domestic product and population. Using published earthquake loss data for 1980–1995, the relations between GDP and earthquake loss have been formulated empirically for several intensity ranges. The world's land surface was divided into unit cells 0.5° lat. × 0.5° long. in size. The GDP of each cell was apportioned based on its population and GDP, and the population of the region to which it belongs. The predicted seismic loss of the cell was then estimated from the seismic hazard probability function, its GDP, and the empirical relation between GDP and seismic loss. A global seismic loss map is then compiled both for the intensity at 10% probability of exceedance and the probable maximum intensity. Employing readily available socioeconomic data as the basis for the vulnerability analysis, the method enables us to obtain seismic loss estimates for regions without the need for a detailed inventory of exposed structures or collateral geological information. Since such statistics are frequently compiled by the world's leading political and financial institutions, the seismic loss estimates can also be upgraded easily for the fast developing areas of the world.     

基于PCRaster的流域非点源氮磷负荷估算

以太湖流域上游的西笤溪流域为研究区,应用动态环境模拟语言PCRaster构建月水文和氮磷营养物质输出模型,分析流域内氮磷输出的时空分布特征。以输出系数法为基础,将分布式水文模型与非点源负荷模型相结合,应用地理信息技术构建基于栅格的非点源污染模拟模型,根据1988~2007年的水文、水质实测数据对模型进行率定和验证,定量分析西笤溪流域非点源污染负荷量与氮磷输出的空间分布。研究结果显示:基于单元网格的月水文模型在该流域具有较好的应用效果,率定和验证期的Nash系数和线性相关系数R2均超过了0.80。应用模型估算西笤溪流域非点源污染2002~2005年总氮年输出量为1 670~2 035t/a,2002~2007年总磷输出量为102~164t/a。氮磷负荷的空间分布表明以稻麦或水稻/油菜轮作的农田是非点源污染的最主要来源。     

中国绿色煤炭资源概念和内涵及评价

煤炭资源是我国的优势矿产资源。正确认识我国煤炭资源现状,实现煤炭资源清洁高效开发利用,攸关我国能源可持续发展。定义绿色煤炭资源为在当前先进技术条件下,资源禀赋条件适宜,能够实现安全高效开采、生态环境友好,适宜清洁高效利用,且具有经济竞争力的煤炭资源。从新的角度重新审视我国煤炭资源状况,详细阐述了绿色煤炭资源的概念内涵,构建了绿色煤炭资源评价技术框架,并对我国绿色煤炭资源进行了总体评价。结果表明,我国绿色煤炭资源总量较大,其中已探明资源量为9 733.65亿t,且集中分布于“井”字形区划下的晋陕蒙（西）宁地区和新疆北疆地区,但绿色煤炭资源基础储量约为855.77亿t,经济可采的绿色煤炭资源储量仅为445.34亿t,资源保障程度仍有待加强。全面确立基于绿色煤炭资源评价的煤炭资源开发利用模式,将有助于系统规划我国煤炭地质工作,明确区域资源开发战略与产能布局,实现煤炭资源可持续发展。      

Coals of Canada: Distribution and compositional characteristics

Canada's coal resources occur in 16 sedimentary basins or groups of basins and range in age from Devonian to Tertiary. The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB), which contains the vast majority (about 90%) of the nation's coal resources of immediate interest, underlies a large area in the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, extending northward to about the 62nd Parallel in Yukon and Northwest Territories. Coal deposits in the WCSB range in age from Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) to Paleocene. Rank ranges from lignite to semianthracite. About 36% of the total estimated 71,000 megatonnes of resources of immediate interest in the WCSB is bituminous coal, including a high proportion in the medium to low volatile range. Their low sulphur contents and acceptable ash levels make these medium and low volatile bituminous coals attractive 3s coking feedstocks and large quantities are mined for that purpose. The lower rank western Canadian coals are used mainly for electricity generation.Significant resources of bituminous coal occur in the coalfields of Atlantic Canada where they have been mined since 1720. Most of these coals are classed as high volatile A bituminous and most are used for power generation. Large resources of coal (lignite to anthracite) also occur in more remote regions of Canada, such as the Bowser Basin in northwestern British Columbia, and Sverdrup Basin/ Franklinian Geosyncline in the Arctic Islands. Information on distribution and compositional attributes of these frontier region coals is commonly scarce.     

Aggregation Methodology for the Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal

This paper presents a methodology that intends to aggregate the results of a recent assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of the Arctic by the U.S. Geological Survey. The assessment occurred in 48 geologically defined regions called assessment units. The methodology includes using assessor specified pair-wise correlations as the basis to construct a correlation matrix. Sampling from this matrix generates more realistic uncertainty estimates of aggregated resources than if assumptions of total independence or total dependence are made. The latter two assumptions result in overly narrow or overly broad estimates. Aggregation results for resources in regions north of the Arctic Circle are presented.     

覆盖区成矿预测方法探讨——以蚌埠地区金矿预测为例

本文以蚌埠地区金矿资源预测为例,探讨了覆盖区及半覆盖区矿产预测的途径和方法。指出,地球物理、地球化学、遥感地质等多种信息的综合解译和与矿产地质信息的有机关联,是揭示隐伏矿成矿规律的重要手段;采用“矿产二次预测方法”通过大区矿产预测模型向预测区逐步扩散,建立起本区统计预测模型,是在覆盖区开展模式类比预测的可行途径。文中讨论的成矿预测方法在安徽省蚌埠地区金矿预测中取得了较好效果,对我国中西部地矿产地质研究程度不高地区的成矿预测,具有普遍参考意义。