A Baby Pterodactyloid Pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of Ningcheng,Inner Mongolia,China

A new baby pterodactyloid pterosaur with soft tissue preserved, Ningchengopterus liuae gen. et sp. nov., is erected based on a nearly complete skeleton with a skull. It was characterized by the skull, slightly longer than the combined length of the dorsal and sacral vertebrae; 50 teeth (including upper and lower jaws); short mid-cervical vertebrae; the humerus and the scapula, equal to that of the wing metacarpal in length; the ulna and the femur, equal to that of the first and third wing phalanx in length, respectively. The similar ratio of the wing phalanx 2 to wing phalanx 1 of Ningchengopterus and Eosipterus implies that Ningchengopterus may be close to the ctenochasmatid pterosaur. However, it may also imply that the isometrically growing of the first two wing phalanges exists among some pterosaurs.     

A New Boreopterid Pterodactyloid Pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China

<正>A new boreopterid pterosaur:Zhenyuanopterus longirostris gen.et sp.nov.from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning is erected,based on the complete skeleton with a skull and lower jaws preserved.It is characterized by:a large boreopterid pterosaur with a high number of teeth,where the anterior teeth are much larger than posterior ones;the length of the dorsal + sacral vertebrae is nearly half the length of the skull;ratio of the length of the humerus to metacarpal IV is approximately 91%and the,humerus,femur and third wing phalanx are all equal in length and the feet are specially small.It represents the largest boroepterid pterosaur discovered from western Liaoning and its surrounding areas so far     

Early-diverging Titanosauriform (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) Teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Southeastern Inner Mongolia, Northeast China

Three eusauropod teeth (SDUST-V1064, PMOL-AD00176, PMOL-ADt0005) are reported from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Ningcheng, southeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Two of them (SDUST-V1064, PMOL-AD00176) are assigned to early-diverging titanosauriforms in having slightly mesiodistal expansion at the base of the tooth crown, a slenderness index value >2.0 and <4.0, and D-shaped cross section. Furthermore, SDUST-V1064 and PMOL-AD00176 are referred as an Euhelopus-like titanosauriform on the basis of having a sub-circular boss on the lingual surface and an asymmetrical crown-root margin which slants apically, respectively.     

内蒙古宁城盆地东南缘含道虎沟生物群岩石地层序列特征及时代归属

宁城盆地东南缘晚中生代岩石地层序列完整、连续,但该岩石地层序列及其所含生物群的地质年代归属问题还存在争议。含道虎沟生物群岩石地层剖面的发现和实测表明,研究区晚中生代地层序列从下至上由中侏罗世九龙山组—髫髻山组、晚侏罗世土城子组和早白垩世义县组组成。九龙山组—髫髻山组下部以沉积岩系为主,产道虎沟生物群,上部为中、基性火山岩,SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为152Ma和164～165Ma。九龙山组—髫髻山组地层序列既为土城子组平行不整合覆盖,而且二者又同时被早白垩世义县组角度不整合覆盖。含道虎沟生物群的晚中生代岩石地层的地质年代早于热河生物群,为中侏罗世的产物,现暂将其统并为九龙山组—髫髻山组。     

Largest Toothed Pterosaur Skull from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning,China, with Comments on the Family Boreopteridae

A new pterosaur Moganopterus zhuiana gen. et sp. nov. is erected based on a complete skull with lower jaws and anterior cervical vertebrae. It is characterized by much elongated upper and lower jaws with at least 62 total, long, curved teeth with sharp tips, a well developed parietal crest extending posterodorsally, forming an angle of 15 degrees with the ventral margin of the skull, the ratio of length to width of cervical vertebrae greater than 5:1. The skull length is 750 mm, and it is the largest toothed pterosaur found so far in the world. Based on this new pterosaur, the Boreopteridae can be divided into two subgroups: Boreopterinae sub-fam. nov. and Moganopterinae sub-fam. nov., which is also confirmed by the phylogenetic analysis.     

内蒙古阿木山组

阿木山组自建组以来就被广泛应用,20世纪曾是内蒙地槽区上石炭统的代名词,随着地质研究程度的不断提高,大地构造单元的划分、地层区划等也在发生变化。通过区域资料的综合研究,现认为阿木山组是华北板块北部晚古生代大陆边缘的沉积产物,出露区只限于索伦—西拉木伦河断裂以南,形成时代为晚石炭世至早二叠世(C_2-P_1),灰岩层内富含蜓、珊瑚等化石。其与三面井组是同一地层区不同地层分区的产物。     

内蒙古宁城道虎沟地区首次发现中侏罗世蝌蚪化石

中国中生代的两栖类化石十分稀少,已报道的有尾两栖类仅见产于河北丰宁县凤山炮樟沟晚侏罗世的东方塘螈(Laccotriton subsolanus)、凤山中华螈(Sinerpeton fengshanensis)、辽宁葫芦岛市水口子早白垩世的钟健辽西螈(Liaoxitriton zhongjiani)、内蒙古宁城道虎沟地区中侏罗世的天义初螈(Chunerpeton tianyiensis)和奇异热河螈(Jeholotriton paradoxus),以及辽西早白垩世热河生物群中的无尾两栖类葛氏辽蟾(Liaobatrachus grabaui)、三燕丽蟾(Callobatrachus sanyanensis)北票中蟾(Mesophryne beipiaoensis)。本文记述了一件采自内蒙古宁城道虎沟地区中侏罗世的蝌蚪化石,这在中国乃至亚洲尚属首次报道,不仅填补了中国中侏罗世无尾两栖类化石分布的空白,而且进一步丰富了燕辽生物群的内容,对早期蛙类的地理分布、形态发生、生存环境等研究具有重要的科学价值。     

内蒙古中部金盆地区发现与冀北大店子组相当的地层

开展金盆地区1∶5万区域地质调查时,在内蒙古乌兰察布盟卓资县三道营乡黑山西坡老虎沟大青山组中首次发现了早白垩世化石:介形虫Cypridea ex gr.liaoningensis,Luanpingella sp.,Djungarica camarata,Clinocypris scolia,Rhinocypris echinta,Lycopterocypris infantilis,Darwinula contracta;叶肢介Neimongolestheria?sp.及瓣鳃类Ferganoconcha quadrata,F.jorekensis等。这套含化石的湖相地层的岩石特征、化石特征均与大青山组标准剖面不同,而与冀北大店子组的岩性组合、古生物特征均可对比。按照岩石地层单位的划分原则,这套含早白垩世化石的湖相地层不属于大青山组,应从大青山组中划分出来,代表阴山地区早白垩世早期的湖相沉积地层。金盆地区存在冀北滦平盆地的大店子组层位。     

内蒙古西部北山地区甜水井-青山一带双堡塘组时代讨论

通过对神螺滩双堡塘组生物地层的研究、对比,神螺滩双堡塘组中所产菊石Uraloceras是北山地区双堡塘组的特征分子,广泛分布于俄罗斯、加拿大、澳大利亚和中国的上石炭统—下、中二叠统;腕足Neospirifer ravana,Schizodus subquadratus,S.cf.elongatas,Parallelodon olseni,Pseudomonotis mongoliensis,Streblochondria?sp.,Palaeolima sp.,Myalinella cf.falcata等均见于内蒙古中部的早、中二叠世哲斯组。神螺滩双堡塘组的化石中没有发现典型的晚二叠世的特征分子。这一化石组合面貌显示神螺滩双堡塘组的时代应为早二叠世晚期—中二叠世,而不是晚二叠世。     

内蒙古宁城地热资源的构造制约与勘查标志

内蒙宁城地热区位于华北板块北缘,是我国北方重要的矿带和矿田。本次研究对宁城地区成热控热构造系统进行厘定和研究,用成生联系的思想综合分析了不同尺度的控热断裂带之间的联系,包括嫩江-八里罕断裂、黑里河断裂和大庙-锦山断裂,阐述了不同系统的主干构造体系及其复合对地热分布的控制。嫩江-八里罕断裂南段"山"字形构造的NW向断裂,向SE向发生近40°错移,偏转后呈"S"型弧形弯曲,在转折端西侧构造应力集中的深成隐伏侵入岩蚀变带中出现地热异常。同时,SN向的热水镇-大营子断褶带后期继承性改造使断层向SN两翼外扩,为深成岩浆侵入及热能上升提供了通道,可能是地热形成的主要构造因素。由于岩浆侵入活动加剧,造成地热区差异性上升运动,使壳源深部热源上移;地下水在深部循环加热后,在高海拔补给带的静水压力下沿断裂通道上升,形成地热流体。     

内蒙古赤峰敖汉旗地区义县组地层划分与对比

内蒙古赤峰敖汉旗地区属于宁城-捣格朗营子火山喷发带北段。通过实测剖面和大比例尺地质调查,确定敖汉旗地区中生界以火山岩为主的地层为义县组,并将其进一步划分为4个岩性段:一段由复成分砾岩和含砾粗砂组成,二段由酸性流纹质火山岩组成,三段由一套安山质的火山岩及沉积相的凝灰质砂砾岩等组成,四段由中性偏碱性的粗面英安质火山岩组成。本区各段火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,敖汉旗地区义县组火山活动时限为127.7~121.6Ma。该结果与北部阜新-义县盆地义县组标准剖面年龄可对比。依据岩石组合特征、同位素测年结果,敖汉地区义县组可以与标准剖面的中部对比,缺失可与标准剖面上部对比的层位。     

A New Troodontid (Theropoda: Troodontidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China

A specimen collected from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China, represents a new genus and species of troodontid theropod. The new taxon is named and described on the basis of the holotype and the only known specimen, which comprises an articulated skeleton with the presacral vertebral, shoulder girdle and forelimbs missing as preserved. Diagnostic features of the new species include nasals that are sinusoid in lateral view, absence of a passage connecting the antorbital and maxillary fenestrae, relatively large teeth, plate-like chevrons forming a band along most of the length of the tail, and a long neck between the femoral head and shaft. The temporal constraints of the three paravian groups (Troodontidae, Dromaeosauridae and Aves) combined with the character distributions among the earliest known troodontids indicate a rapid evolution at the base of the Troodontidae.     

Pygostyle-like Structure from Beipiaosaurus (Theropoda, Therizinosauroidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China

Pygostyle was previously considered as a unique structure of ornithothoracine birds, used to maneuver tail feathers. A similar structure from an oviraptorosaurian dinosaur was considered functionally associated with the rectrices as in birds. We report a pygostyle-like structure from a therizinosauroid dinosaur. The presence of filamentous integuments, but absence of rectrices, on the tail of this therizinosauroid, combined with other lines of evidence, suggests that the initial function of the pygostyle was not related to the rectrices.     

Kalligrammatid Lacewings from the Upper Jurassic Daohugou Formation in Inner Mongolia, China

A new species, referable to a new genus, is erected, and named the Sinokalligramma jurassicum gen. et sp. nov. It is the second finding of kalligrammatids in the Daohugou Formation. The origin and migration of the family Kalligrammatidae are discussed. The geological age and stratigraphic correlation of the Daohugou and Karabastau Formations are briefly reviewed and reassessed.     

New Fossil Xyelidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China

In this paper one new genus and two new species, Brachyoxyela brevinodia sp. nov. and Brachyoxyela gracilenta sp. nov., in the subfamily Macroxyelinae of the family Xyelidae, are described and illustrated. The specimens were collected from the Yixian Formation, the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous, of Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, northeastern China. The new genus is established based on the characters that vein Sc meets R only beyond origin of Rs, third antennal segment is almost equal in length to the rest flagellomeres combined, terminal flagellomeres increasingly shortened toward apex, and vein 2r-rs inclined toward the apex of wing.     

A New Angiosperm Genus from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Western Liaoning, China

The abundant fossils of early angiosperms found in the Yixian Formation (125 Ma, Early Cretaceous) have demonstrated unexpectedly high diversity and various reproductive strategies, and thus have shed new light on early angiosperm evolution. Here, using light microscope and scanning electron microscope, we document several fructifications of Baicarpus gen. nov. from Liaoning province, China. Each fructification of the new taxon includes several apocarpous carpels/fruits attached in an urn-formed gynobase. Each fruit/carpel has a persistent straight style and an ovary enclosing a single seed. These fossil plants demonstrate a new floral organization and thus enhance our understanding of the diversity of angiosperms in the Yixian Formation. Together with previously reported ones, this fossil angiosperm suggests an origin time for angiosperms earlier than widely accepted.     

内蒙古东北部上二叠统林西组暗色泥岩有机地球化学特征及其意义

对内蒙古东北部地区进行野外地质勘查、典型剖面实测、样品采集及实验分析,确定上二叠统林西组为暗色泥岩发育的重要层位。应用有机岩石学与有机地球化学分析方法对林西组暗色泥岩进行研究显示,林西组暗色泥岩有机碳含量为0. 45% ～ 3. 55%,平均值为1. 09%; 有机质类型以Ⅱ1 － Ⅱ2 为主; 82%样品镜质体反射率介于2. 0% ～ 44. 0%,处于高--过成熟演化阶段。林西组暗色泥岩有机质丰度高、厚度大、分布范围广,是内蒙古东北部地区潜在烃源岩层位,具有较好的生气潜力。     

A New Species of Coniopteris moguqiensis sp. nov. from the Middle Jurassic Wanbao Formation in Eastern Inner Mongolia,China

In recent years, an increasing number of plant fossil leaves and petrified woods have been discovered from the Middle Jurassic Wanbao Formation in Moguqi Town of Inner Mongolia, NE China. Here, we describe a new species of Coniopteris moguqiensis sp. nov. preserved as a fragment with fertile and sterile pinnules. The sterile ultimate pinnules are elongate ovate with sphenopteriod type venation, and fertile pinnules are usually isolated, bipinnate at least with the sorus apical, elliptical, 1 mm in diameter; sporangia are almost globular, 100–150 μm in diameter, and the annulus is vertical. In situ spores are rounded-triangular in polar view, 25–30 μm in diameter with sides straight and slightly convex; trilete, laesurae are thin and slightly straight; the exine surface is usually psilate under the light microscope but finely reticuloid sculptured on the proximal view under a scanning electronic microscope. The fern genus Coniopteris usually suggests a warm and humid environment, which is consistent with the palaeoclimatic conditions of petrified wood and megafossil plants. The new discovery further supplements the floral composition of the Wanbao Formation, providing new material for understanding the evolutionary trend and classification of Coniopteris.     

内蒙古中部地区晚志留世西别河组的区域构造学意义

晚志留世西别河组是发育于内蒙古中部地区的一套滨浅海相磨拉石沉积。西别河组广泛角度不整合在蛇绿混杂岩、岛弧火山岩、加里东期花岗岩和弧后盆地复理石沉积之上,揭示了其下伏杂岩之间的区域构造关联性,是内蒙古中部地区曾经发生过加里东期陆壳增生作用过程的证据。西别河组具有与欧洲老红色砂岩类似的区域构造学意义。