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在所构造的海气耦合模式中,采用Zebiak海洋模式框架,并重建了一个海洋数值模式,大气模式采用了Gill模式.在大气模式中保留了时间发展项,潜热加热采用了Kleeman方案.对模式的积分结果表明,海温异常具有3~7年的准周期振荡.在模式El Nino事件的初始阶段,西风异常,海温正距平(SSTA)首先在赤道西太平洋发生,然后向东传播、加强.在模式ENSO循环的位相转换过程中,SSTA的空间分布共有4种不同类型.模式模拟的El Nino事件的初始阶段有两种发展类型,它们是:在初始阶段中西太平洋和东太平洋沿岸各有海表温度的正异常发生.在以后的发展中,一种情况是这两块正SSTA都发展连成一片,形成El Nino事件;另一种情况是中西太平洋地区的正SSTA衰减,中东太平洋地区的正SSTA加强,向西传播,形成El Nino事件.模式模拟的La Nina事件的初始阶段也有两科发展类型,它们的发展过程和El Nino事件初始阶段的发展过程相似. 相似文献
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本文利用中科院大气所两层全球大气环流模式和十四层热带太平洋模式的耦合环流模式100年积分中的后30年的月平均输出资料,通过分析海表面温度、上层海洋热容量和海表面高度异常的年际变化,揭示了模式ENSO循环(包括其产生、发展、成熟和消亡过程)的特征及其控制机理。结果表明,控制本文耦合环流模式中ENSO循环的机理是“时滞振子”模态,这和由中间复杂程度耦合模式得到的ENSO控制机理是一致的。反映了“时滞振 相似文献
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利用发展的包含海洋表面边界展和大气辐合反馈过程的热带太平洋海气耦合距平模式,对ENSO循环进行了模拟。通过30a积分,用合模式所展示的热带太平洋海气耦合系统的ENSO循环的水平结构演变特征和观测事实甚为一致,成功地模拟出了ENSO循环的冷暖态的发生发展、衰亡及相互转换等各个位相的动力和热力场的水平结构及其对季节循环的依赖性特征。本文数值模拟结果表明,ENSO循环的主要动力学过程可由热带海气相互作用系统自身所确定。ENSO循环的正确模拟是揭示其形成机制的前提。 相似文献
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ENSO循环及相关研究综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ENSO(El Nino & South Oscillation)是热带海气相互作用的强信号,对全球气候异常有着重要影响。本文着重论述近几十年来ENSO循环与相关海一气系统相互作用的研究现状。首先从线性、非线性两方面阐述了ENSO循环的正负反馈机制;其次,详细论述了西太平洋暖池、热带大气环流和中高纬海一气系统与ENSO循环相互作用的物理过程和机制;最后,从统计预测和数值预测两方面对ENSO的预测现状进行了评述。 相似文献
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全球热带简单海气耦合模式中的ENSO预报试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用一个全球热带简单海气耦合模式(GTSM模式),并选取热带三大洋较强的冷暖事件作为预报对象进行了若干预报试验,分析结果发现:在GTSM模式中由于热带三大洋海气耦合通过大气模式而相互作用和影响,使得该模式对于东大西洋和中东印度洋较强冷暖事件的预报能力,较单独大西洋或单独印度洋耦合模式均有明显提高,预报和观测的ATL3、IND3指数的相关系数达到0.5以上的月份,分别达到9个月和6个月左右;而在东太平洋则和ZC(LDEO1)模式差不多,预报和观测的Nio3指数的相关系数达到0.6以上的月份可以达到15个月左右. 相似文献
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全球海气耦合模式系统(NIM/COAMS)Ⅱ.年际变化的模拟 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
利用文献[1]建立的全球海气耦合模式系统(NIM/COAMS),对模式的年际变化模拟能力进行了检验。50a积分显示,模式模拟出了大气和海洋界面的主要年际变率,能真实地模拟热带太平洋ENSO循环的主要特征,较好地再现了ENSO循环的过程,循环周期在3—5a之间,与实际观测值一致,同时模式也较好地反映了大气和海洋的耦合特征,对年际变化有较强的模拟能力,这与FRAC耦合方案设计有关,该方法能避免气候场的牵制作用,增强模式对年际变化的模拟能力。 相似文献
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全球海洋大气耦合环流模式中的ENSO特征对气候背景态改变的敏感性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
文中利用一个高分辨率全球海-气耦合环流模式设计两组长期积分试验,揭示了在不同气候背景态下热带太平洋年际变化特征及模式ENSO循环控制机理的差异。通过分析海表温度、上层海洋热容量和低层风场异常的年际变化特征及其和赤道中东太平洋海表温度异常的关系,揭示了基于不同气候背景场的ENSO循环的不同演变过程。结果表明:ENSO年际变率特征(包括振幅、频率等)对气候背景态相当敏感,在不同的背景场下ENSO循环的控制模态可以明显不同。试验表明,当热带太平洋东冷西暖的背景热力梯度接近多年气候平均时,模式ENSO循环表现为所谓的“时滞振子”模态控制,而随着东西向背景热力梯度显著减小,ENSO循环则可以表现为驻波模态控制。研究结果为认识年代际背景变化影响年际ENSO循环的机理提供了一种启示。 相似文献
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This study revises Weare’s latent heat parameterization scheme and conducts an associated
theoretic analysis. The revised Weare’s scheme is found to present potentially better results than Zebiak’s
scheme. The Zebiak-Cane coupled ocean-atmosphere model, initialized by the National Centers for
Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis of
wind stress anomaly at 925 hPa, is referred to as the ZCW coupled model. The atmosphere models of the
ZCW coupled model that use Zebiak’s scheme and the revised Weare’s scheme are referred to as the
ZCW0 and ZCWN atmosphere models, respectively. The coupled ocean-atmosphere models that use
Zebiak’s scheme and the revised Weare’s scheme are referred to as the ZCW0and ZCWN coupled models,
respectively. The simulations between the ZCW0 and ZCWN atmosphere models and between the ZCW0
and ZCWN coupled models are analyzed. The results include: (1) The evolution of heat, meridional wind
and divergence anomalies simulated by similar ZCW0 and ZCWN atmosphere models, although the
magnitudes of the former are larger than those of the latter; (2) The prediction skill of the Ni?o3 index
from 1982 to 1999 by the ZCWN coupled model shows improvement compared with those by the ZCW0
coupled model; (3) The analysis of El Ni?o events in 1982/1983, 1986/1987, and 1997/1998 and La Ni?a
events in 1984/1985, 1988/1989, and 1998/2000 suggests that the ZCWN coupled model is better than the
ZCW0 coupled model in predicting warm event evolution and cold event generation. The results also show
the disadvantage of the ZCWN coupled model for predicting El Ni?o 相似文献
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In this study, sensitivity experiments were conducted with the Zebiak-Cane ocean-atmosphere coupled model forced by the wind stress anomaly from the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data to study the impacts of eastern Pacific warm pool on the formation and development of ENSO events. The effects of climatological mean sea surface temperature of the warm pool on forecast skill during the ENSO events of 1982–1999 are more considerable that those of climatological mean meridional winds and ocean currents. The forecast skill for the 1997/1998 El Ni?o event is characterized by sensitivity to climatological mean sea surface temperature and anomalies of northerly winds and currents. The forecast skill is found insensitive to climatological mean northerly meridional winds and currents. 相似文献
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The basic features of climatology and interannual variations of tropical Pacific and Indian
Oceans were analyzed using a coupled general circulation model (CGCM), which was constituted with an
intermediate 2.5-layer ocean model and atmosphere model ECHAM4. The CGCM well captures the spatial
and temporal structure of the Pacific El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the variability features in
the tropical Indian Ocean. The influence of Pacific air-sea coupled process on the Indian Ocean variability
was investigated carefully by conducting numerical experiments. Results show that the occurrence
frequency of positive/negative Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) event will decrease/increase with the
presence/absence of the coupled process in the Pacific Ocean. Further analysis demonstrated that the
air-sea coupled process in the Pacific Ocean affects the IOD variability mainly by influencing the zonal
gradient of thermocline via modulating the background sea surface wind. 相似文献
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Based on the data of 1950 – 1999 monthly global SST from Hadley Center, NCAR/NCEP
reanalysis data and rainfall over 160 weather stations in China, investigation is conducted into the
difference of summer rainfall in China (hereafter referred to as the “CS rainfall”) between the years with
the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) occurring independently and those with IOD occurring along with ENSO so
as to study the effects of El Ni?o - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the relationship between IOD and the
CS rainfall. It is shown that CS rainfall will be more than normal in South China (centered in Hunan
province) in the years of positive IOD occurring independently; the CS rainfall will be less (more) than
normal in North China (Southeast China) in the years of positive IOD occurring together with ENSO. The
effect of ENSO is offsetting (enhancing) the relationship between IOD and summer rainfall in Southwest
China, the region joining the Yangtze River basin with the Huaihe River basin (hereafter referred to as the
“Yangtze-Huaihe basin”) and North China (Southeast China). The circulation field is also examined for
preliminary causes of such an influence. 相似文献
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ENSO对IOD与中国夏季降水关系的影响 总被引:13,自引:4,他引:13
利用1950~1999年Hadley中心海温资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和中国160站降水资料,通过讨论印度洋偶极子(IOD)独立发生时及IOD与ENSO联合发生时中国夏季降水的差异,研究了ENSO对IOD与中国夏季降水关系的影响.IOD独立发生时,其正位相年以湖南为中心的华南地区夏季降水偏多;IOD与ENSO联合发生时,正位相年河套、华北地区夏季降水偏少,东南沿海地区降水偏多.ENSO对IOD与中国夏季降水关系的影响主要表现为:在华南西部、江淮流域、河套及华北地区起抵消作用,而在东南沿海地区起协同作用.还从环流场角度分析了ENSO对IOD与中国夏季降水关系影响的初步成因. 相似文献
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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the tropical Pacific wind stress anomalies produccd on monthly to interannual time scales by the complex general circulation model (GCM) of the center for Ocean Land Atmosphere Interactions (C.O.L.A.) at low (R15) resolutions. The model is integraed using observed sea surface temperature (SST) for ten years 1979 through 1988. The model simulates generally realistic wind stress anomaly (WSA). The model-generated data set of WSA was used to force the Zebiax Cane ocean model (ZCOM) for ten years. The modeled (SST) anomalies were compared to the observed SST anomalies. The ZCOM simulation shows realistic 1982/83 and 1986/87 warm episodes along the equator, but could produce less realistic 1984/85 and 1988/89 cold episodes along the equator due to lack of wind stress forcing in the mean model. Time series of the NINO3 index (measuring the SST anomaly in the mid-eastern Pacific) is realistic for the ZCOM simulation. 相似文献
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LIN Wan-Tao 《大气和海洋科学快报》2009,2(1):1-6
In this paper,the influence of the El NioSouthern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle on the sensitivity of nonlinear factors in the numerical simulation is investigated by conducting numerical experiments in a simple air-sea coupled model for ENSO prediction.Two sets of experiments are conducted in which zonal nonlinear factors,meridional nonlinear factors,or both are incorporated into the governing equations for the atmosphere or ocean.The results suggest that the ENSO cycle is very sensitive to the nonlinear factor of the governing equation for the atmosphere or ocean.Thus,incorporating nonlinearity into air-sea coupled models is of exclusive importance for improving ENSO simulation. 相似文献