柱撑粘土矿物材料的晶体结构和晶体化学特征

以铝基柱撑粘土矿物和钛基柱撑粘土矿物为例，讨论了柱撑粘土矿物材料的晶体结构和晶体化学特点，Al多核笼状阳离子基团的结构形式为1：12Keggin型离子，Ti多核笼状阳离子基团的结构形式为2：19Dawson型离子，两类笼状阳离子的直径均在1nm左右，前者的高度约为0．9nm，后者的高度约为1．4nm，经与粘土矿物层间阳离子交换后，择位固定在粘土矿物层间，由于多核笼状阳离子与粘土矿物硅氧四面体之间形成了较强的化学键，其具有不可交换性，铝基柱撑粘土和钛基柱撑粘土的层间孔道分别为1．2nm*1.2nm*1.2nm，和0.52nm*0.52nm*1.60nm。柱粘土矿物材料有很好的化学稳定性和耐热性，且又有一定的层间化学活性，可用于催化剂载体，由于它又具有选择性吸附能力，有望制造成新一代环保材料。     

镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石的制备及孔道结构研究

以钠基蒙脱石为原料,采用共聚法合成镍铝柱化剂,利用离子交换法制备镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石。通过研究不同镍铝物质的量比例和不同NaOH的量对柱撑蒙脱石制备的影响,并对其孔道结构进行探讨。XRD结果表明,当镍铝物质的量比为1∶6、加入75mlNaOH时,可得到(001)面网层间距达1.8940nm的镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石。FT-IR显示,镍铝基聚合羟基阳离子进入蒙脱石层间,柱撑蒙脱石的基本结构并未发生改变。对柱撑前后蒙脱石的比表面积和孔径结构进行分析,发现镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石比表面积为169.68m2/g,平均孔径为4.120nm,说明镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石具有较大的比表面积,较小且均匀的孔径分布,是一种合适的催化和吸附材料。     

环境污染物在蒙脱石层间域中的环境化学行为

天然蒙脱石层间阳离子通常是Ｃａ2 +,Ｎａ+,可以通过离子交换法制备各种阳离子交换蒙脱石。这些不同阳离子对蒙脱石层间域的环境化学行为有着不同的影响。金属阳离子与粘土矿物间的相互作用除了离子交换外 ,粘土的专性吸附作用有时也是非常重要的。目前 ,粘土矿物对重金属离子的专性吸附可概括为 4种机理 :(1)重金属离子与粘土矿物表面或断键基团质子的交换吸附 ;(2 )重金属离子进入粘土矿物硅氧四面体片的复三方空位或八面体片晶格缺陷中 ;(3)以金属络合物形式的专性吸附 ;(4)以金属氧化物或其它不溶性盐类沉淀形式。天然粘土矿物存在着大…     

钛基柱撑累托石矿物材料的研究

在氮气环境中用TiCI4和HCI制成钛基柱撑液，采用离子交换法，用[Ti20O32(OH)12(OH2)18]^4 Dawson型Ti多核阳离子，交换累托石蒙皂石质晶层中的Na等阳离子，制成钛基柱撑累托石。通过电子探针定量分析、X射线衍射、红外光谱、热分析及魔角旋转核磁共振等方法，对钛基柱撑累托石的成分、结构和热稳定性进行了表征。钛基柱撑累托石具1．6nm的层孔隙，是一种很有应用前途的柱撑粘土矿物材料，有望在催化剂载体及环保材料领域中得到广泛的使用。     

（Sm，Ce）／Zr基柱撑蒙脱石的微结构特征

室温条件下，在锆基的基础上加入其他金属离子配制了(Sm，Ce)／Zr基柱化剂。用该聚合阳离子柱撑钙基蒙脱石，室温下d001值为2．1～2．3m，焙烧300℃后，d001值为1．8nm，衍射峰敏锐对称，说明柱撑蒙脱石的热稳定性超过300℃。FTIR分析结果表明(Sm，Ce)／Zr基柱化剂和蒙脱石的Si—O四面体层形成了稳定的[Si—O]—[H(O)-Zr(Sm，Ce)]键，从结构上鳃释了(Sm，Ce)／Zr基柱撑蒙脱石材料结构稳定的机理。     

TDTMA+-柱撑蒙脱石吸附硝基苯的实验研究

以阳离子表面活性剂(十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,TDTMBA)为柱撑剂,在不同浓度条件下(0.2 CEC～2.5 CEC)制备了一系列柱撑蒙脱石,并通过XRD对有机蒙脱石进行表征,研究季铵盐离子在层间的排列结构.同时针对TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附进行研究.实验结果表明,吸附去除率受硝基苯的初始浓度、反应时间等因素的影响,而与pH值没有太大的关系.经过柱撑改性后,粘土对硝基苯的吸附能力较原土有了明显的提高.随着层间柱撑浓度的增大,柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附量也增大.另外钙基蒙脱石和平卧双层,倾斜单层以及倾斜双层的结构的TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附等温线符Freundlich和Langmuir等温方程,假三层结构的TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附等温线符合Linear等温方程,这表明前者是以表面吸附为主,后者是以分配作用为主.     

浙江膨润土资源的前景

膨润土是以蒙脱石为主要成分(一般大于50%)的粘土矿物.蒙脱石属二八面体含水的层状铝硅酸盐类矿物.由于蒙脱石结构单元层中的硅和铝离子,分别被铝和镁离子置换因而层间出现电荷有吸附阳离子的作用.根据层间阳离子的不同,可分为钠基膨润土、钙基膨润土、镁基膨润土以及钙     

CTAB-Al复合改性蒙脱石的合成及表征

采用不同CEC浓度的CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)预先改性蒙脱石,然后再加入羟基铝离子柱撑液合成CTAB-Al-Mt复合物并利用X射线衍射分析?热重?化学分析及红外光谱分析,研究合成产物的层间结构特性,结果显示:CTAB在粘土中的加载量明显决定着CTAB-Al-Mt的层间距,铝含量。此外,在羟基铝阳离子进入粘土层间的过程中,部分层间的CTAB被置换了出来,从而引起Si(Al)—O,Si—O—Al和(M—O)Td伸缩振动波数的漂移。随着吸附水含量的减少,H—O—H弯曲振动(2ν)向高波数飘移,而O—H伸缩振动(ν1和ν3)向低波数漂移,这是由于H2O分子中的氢键较少所致。     

非离子表面活性剂修饰纳米钛柱撑粘土材料的合成与应用

本文采用非离子表面活性剂聚乙烯醇(PVA)对粘土进行改性修饰,并以钛酸丁酯和盐酸分别为前驱物和酸催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了PVA修饰疏水型纳米钛柱撑粘土材料,对其进行了比表面积(BET)、热重分析(TGA)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征。实验结果表明,TiO2成功地插入了粘土层间,并以锐钛矿型的晶型存在,制备的柱撑粘土复合材料仍有较好的层状结构,其比表面积较原土有明显的增加,经过PVA修饰后柱撑粘土表面的疏水性得到了提高。以甲基橙的吸附和降解为模型反应,考察了柱撑粘土的吸附性能和光催化活性,实验结果发现PVA修饰疏水型纳米钛柱撑粘土材料对甲基橙表现出了良好的吸附能力和较好的光催化活性。     

二氧化钛柱撑蒙脱石对铅、铬和铜离子的吸附性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,钠基蒙脱石为载体,应用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化钛(TiO2)柱撑蒙脱石纳米复合材料(TiO2-MMT)。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、X-射线能量散色谱和透射电子显微镜等分析手段对样品进行了表征。结果表明,样品晶相主要由锐钛矿型TiO2和蒙脱石组成;TiO2-MMT呈层片状结构,TiO2柱撑到蒙脱石(MMT)层间,且MMT的(001)晶面间距明显增大;钛与蒙脱石比例、柱撑温度、柱化剂陈化时间、烘干温度、煅烧温度仅对蒙脱石(001)面的晶面间距有影响,且随着钛与蒙脱石比值的增大、柱化温度的升高,陈化时间的延长,晶面间距也逐渐增大。应用静止浸渍法测试了TiO2-MMT对铅、铬和铜离子的吸附性能。结果表明,TiO2-MMT对铅离子的吸附率达到99.8%,吸附固化效果优于钠基蒙脱石。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of