Embryonic and larval development of Babylonia formosae habei (Altena and Gittenberger, 1981) (Gastropoda:Buccinidae) on China''''s coast

The development of embryos and larvae of Babylonia formosae habei living along the southeast coast of China is observed under laboratory conditions. The egg masses are laid by females on hard substrate at night and each capsule contains 100-500 eggs. Each egg is 250-280 mm in diameter. The first two cleavages of the embryo are meridional and equal, and a polar lobe is produced. Larval kidney, which only consists of a single cell, appears during the gastrula stage on each side of the embryo. The right tentacle develops prior to the left one. At 25-27℃, an intracapsulate veliger stage is reached about 4.5 d after deposition. The larvae hatch on the fifth day as swimming veligers with a shell length of 360 -500 mm. The newly hatched larva can ingest suspended algal cells from the water column and remains in the pelagic stage for 8-10 d. The newly settled juveniles are 900-1 200 mm in shell length.     

Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from the South China Sea Ⅴ: Families Laodiceidae,Lovenellidae,Malagazziidae,and Mitrocomidae (Leptomedusae)

This study reviews all species belonging to the families Laodiceidae,Lovenellidae,Malagazziidae,and Mitrocomidae in the South China Sea.Two new species,Eucheilota carinata sp.nov.and Halopsis nanhaiensis sp.nov.,are described and illustrated.One genus,Staurostoma,and two species,Staurostoma sp.and Octophialucium aphrodite(Bigelow,1928),are first recorded in China seas.The key to all medusa genera and species of Lovenellidae and Malagazziidae are presented.Other data are briefly summarized to the list and distribution of species presented on the family Laodiceidae,Lovenellidae,Malagazziidae and Mitrocomidae in the South China Sea.The type specimens are deposited in the Third Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,China.     

Physicochemical modeling of the behavior of microelements (As,V, Cr,Co, and Hg) under the mixing of riverine and marine waters (the Razdol’naya River-Amur Bay System)

By means of physicochemical modeling with the Selector software package, a model for the mixing of riverine water (pH = 7.02) and seawater was compiled and calculated. The Razdol’naya River-Amur Bay (Sea of Japan) system was assessed as an example. By means of the MINTEQA2/PRODEFA2 software package, the role of the sorption processes in riverine and marine waters, as well as in the zone of their mixing, was ascertained. The physicochemical migration forms of microelements (arsenic, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, and mercury) in the waters of the geochemical system considered and their behavior in passing through the geochemical barrier were established.     

Size‐fecundity relationships in the smooth oreo,Pseudocyttus maculatus,and the black oreo,Allocyttus niger (Pisces: Oreosomatidae) (note)

Fecundity estimates were made from 72 smooth oreo (Pseudocyttus maculatus Gilchrist, 1906) and 77 black oreo (Allocyttus niger James, Inada & Nakamura, 1988) with oocytes in late vitellogenesis, captured from the south Chatham Rise during November 1986. Absolute fecundities ranged from 6000 to 84 000 for smooth oreo and 5000 to 62 000 for black oreo, with relative fecundities of 10 800 and 17 500 eggs per kg body weight for smooth and black oreos, respectively. Both species have absolute and relative fecundities within the same order of magnitude as orange roughy, but one to two orders of magnitude lower than six other commercially exploited fish species from the New Zealand continental shelf or slope region. The comparatively low fecundity of the oreo species could contribute to susceptibility to overfishing.     

Structures of ovary and ovarian follicle in flathead lobster, Thenus orientalis (Lund, 1793) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllarida)

ImeIOWThe nathead lobster, Thenus orientalis, is widely distributed in the trOPical and subtIDPical indO - West Pacific region. T. orientalis is one of the most eCOnondcally significantspecies among scyllarids althoUgh its catch is nowhere large. In addition to its eCOnondc value,T. Orientalis is also of great scientific value because it represents a fdrily wfor reproductivebiology is ~ly studied. It is important to clarify the structures of ovary and Ovarian follicle inT. Orientalis.…     

Studies on the egg, larval and juvenile development of Bostrichthys sinensis (Lacepede)

Artificial hatching and fry culture of Bostrichthys sinensis (Lacepede) has been successful under conditions of enclosed seawater circulation system in the Aquarium Lab, South China Sea Fish. Res. Inst, on the 13th of April, 1984. The development of each stage of the eggs, larvae and juveniles are described, and colour photographs of every development stage were taken. According to their physiological characteristics in each stage, necessary ecological conditions for the developments are preliminarily discussed.     

Palynology and depositional environments of the Middle – Late Triassic (Anisian – Rhaetian) Kobbe,Snadd and Fruholmen formations,southern Barents Sea,Arctic Norway

The Middle to Upper Triassic series in the Norwegian Barents Sea represents an important target for hydrocarbon exploration. However, the dating and correlation of these rocks are problematic due to the scarcity of age-diagnostic macrofossils, lateral facies variation and the overall thickness of the succession. Palynology has proven to be a useful dating tool but further work is necessary to improve the zonal resolution, particularly for the Upper Triassic Series. The current paper presents a detailed palynostratigraphy of the Middle – Upper Triassic succession in four exploration wells (7120/12-2, 7228/2-1s, 7-1a and 9-1s) drilled in the Hammerfest and Nordkapp basins. Eleven informal palynological zones are described from the stratigraphic interval spanning the Kobbe, Snadd and Fruholmen formations, which constitute regionally significant hydrocarbon source and reservoir rock facies. The results of this study contribute to a higher resolution palynostratigraphy for the Middle to Upper Triassic strata of the southern Barents Sea (SBS), and an improved correlation with the stratigraphy of the Svalbard Archipelago. Palynofacies data for the succession, presented here for the first time, indicates depositional environments ranging from fluvio-deltaic to offshore marine.     

Photosynthetic activity of an epiphytic diatom,gomphonema novo‐zelandicum,and its carpophyllum (phaeophyta) hosts

Net photosynthetic activities of epiphytic Gomphonema novo‐zelandicum diatoms and Carpophyllum maschalocarpum and C. flexuosum hosts from the littoral fringe at sites from the Wai‐temata Harbour. Auckland, New Zealand, were determined using infra‐red gas analyser, Winkler and ¹⁴C bicarbonate techniques. Gomphonema displayed a mean assimilation number of 1.970 and volumetric activity of 16.714 mg Ccrrr'rr¹ while mean rates for host primary leaves freed of diatoms and corrected for the effects of emersion were 0.873 mg C (g DW)^‐1h ¹for C. maschalocarpum and 1.266 mg C(g DW)^‐1h^‐1 for C. flexuosum. These activities when considered together with seasonal primary “leaf” and vertical primary axis diatom population densities indicated a 6–8% contribution by Gomphonema to the total photosynthetic activity of the host‐epiphyte association. On a volumetric basis, however, the diatoms displayed an activity which was 67 and 45 times higher than that of the C. maschalocarpum and C. flexuosum host material respectively.     

海水、海洋生物和沉积物中 ~(54)Mn,~(59)Fe,~(60)Co,~(65)Zn的x谱仪联合测定

利用高灵敏度的Ge(Li)γ谱仪对海洋样品中的~(54)Mn,~(59)Fe,~(60)Co,~(65)Zn进行同时测定。~(54)Mn的分析灵敏度为10~(-11)Ci;~(59)Fe,~(60)Co,~(65)Zn均为10~(-10)Ci。水样中这4种核素的放化回收率分别为96.6%,100%,84.6%,97.7%。抗干扰能力较好。本方法也可用于陆地样品的分析。     

Systematization of Ionospheric,Geodynamic, and Thermal Precursors of Strong (M ≥ 6) Earthquakes Detected from Space

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The article describes the formation features of short- and mid-term strong (M ≥ 6) earthquake precursors detected from space. A database has been...     

Response of Nereis diversicolor population (Polychaeta,Nereididae) to the pollution impact – Authie and Seine estuaries (France)

A survey within the French National Programme of Ecotoxicology was carried out in 2002, 2003 and 2004 to study the response of Nereis diversicolor populations (Polychaeta, Nereididae) to the impact of pollution in the Authie estuary (non-contaminated site) and in the Seine estuary (contaminated site). In the period studied, the density varied from 672 ind. m⁻² to 3584 ind. m⁻² in the Authie estuary and from 80 ind. m⁻² to 920 ind. m⁻² in the Seine estuary. Biomass varied from 3.94 g m⁻² (dry weight) in February 2004 to 38.0 g m⁻² in August 2003 in the Authie estuary and from 3.4 g m⁻² in February 2002 to 0.6 g m⁻² in February 2004 in the Seine estuary. Density and biomass of the populations of N. diversicolor were consistently lower in the Seine estuary than in the Authie estuary. Size frequency histograms permit the analysis of the cohorts as well as the elaboration of the growth curves. For the individuals from the Authie estuary, the relation between dry weight (DW) and length L3 (prostomium, peristomium and chaetiger 1) was DW = 4.2205 L3^2.9832. For those from the Seine estuary, the relation between dry weight and L3 was DW = 0.4697e^1.7209L3. The individuals of N. diversicolor should belong to eight cohorts in Authie estuary (two cohorts each year) instead of six cohorts for those from the Seine estuary. These differences can be attributed to the effect of pollution on the population of N. diversicolor.     

Creeping in? Neoliberalism,indigenous realities and tropical rock lobster (kaiar) management in Torres Strait,Australia

This article examines current neoliberal forces in the Torres Strait tropical rock lobster (TRL) fishery and their likely impacts on the lives of indigenous Islanders. It describes how neoliberal principles of market governance, commodification of natural resources, profit maximization, individualization and property rights are at odds with Islander rights, values, sense of place, and institutions of knowledge, tenure and practice. It argues that proposed fisheries measures based on neoliberal imperatives could cause important conflicts and create high social, political, and economic costs. The TRL fishery is integral to Islanders’ aspiration of self-determination and economic autonomy. A more holistic vision inclusive of Islander perspectives is necessary if management of the TRL fishery is to be truly socially and culturally appropriate.     

Diets of alpine galaxias (Galaxias paucispondylus Stokell) and longjawed galaxias (G. prognathus Stokell) in a South Island,New Zealand,high‐country stream

Thedietsofthealpinegalaxias(Galaxias paucispondylus Stokell, 1938) and the longjawed galaxias (G. prognathus Stokell, 1940) were studied in Deep Creek, a high‐country stream in the central South Island of New Zealand. Both species are small, slender fish with entirely freshwater life cycles. Their diets were very similar and consisted of aquatic invertebrates, dominated by the larvae of Deleatidium spp. (Ephemeroptera), Hydrobiosis spp. (Trichoptera), and Chironomidae (Diptera). Although diets partly reflected what was available in the stream, both fish selected soft‐bodied prey in preference to cased or harder shelled prey. Both species are probably nocturnal feeders.     

Morphological and molecular evidence supports the first occurrence of two fishes,Siganus sutor(Valenciennes, 1835)and Seriolina nigrofasciata(Rüppell, 1829)(Actinopterygii:Perciformes), from marine waters of Odisha coast,Bay of Bengal,India

Marine ecosystems provide a wide variety of diverse habitats that frequently promote migration and ecological adaptation. The extent to which the geographic distribution of marine organism has reshaped by human activities remains underappreciated. The limitations intrinsic to morphology-based identification systems have engendered an urgent need for reliable genetic methods that enable the unequivocal recognition of fish species,particularly those that are prone to overexploitation and/or market substitution. In the present study, however, an attempt has been taken to identify two locally adapted fish species, Siganus sutor(Valenciennes, 1835) and Seriolina nigrofasciata(Rüppell, 1829) of order Perciformes, which happens to be the first record in Odisha coast,Bay of Bengal. The diagnostic characteristics of Siganus sutor are: dorsal fin XIII-10, anal fin VII-9, pectoral fin 15,pelvic fin II-3, while that of Seriolina nigrofasciata dorsal fin VI-I-35, anal fin I-17, pectoral fin 16, pelvic fin 5. All COI barcodes generated in this study were matched with reference sequences of expected species, according to morphological identification. Bayesian and likelihood phylogenetic trees were drawn based on DNA barcodes and all the specimens clustered in agreement with their taxonomic classification at the species level. The phylogeographic studies based on haplotype network and migration rates suggest that both the species were not panmitic and the high-frequency population distribution indicates successful migration. The result of this study provides an important validation of the use of DNA barcode sequences for monitoring species diversity and changes within a complex marine ecosystem.     

Formation of Isotope Parameters (δD, δ18O,and d) of Glaciers and Water Runoff from Severny Island of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago

Oceanology - Isotope studies (δD and δ18O) were performed for the glaciers of Severny Island (Novaya Zemlya Archipelago). The studied glaciers were characterized by narrow range-of...     

Oceanography and marine biology, 10: Harold Barnes (editor). George Allen and Unwin,London, 1972, 565 pp., £10.50

A bathymetric survey of the Gilliss Seamount, in the northwest Atlantic Basin, using a multi-beam sonar array system reveals an extremely complex morphologic character of this feature. A new chart provides the most detailed topographic presentation of an Atlantic seamount published to date and highlights the similarity of the Gilliss Seamount with terrestrial strata-volcanoes. Bottom photographs and samples reveal pillow-Iava formation. Seismic profiles show that the volcanic basement is irregularly covered by acoustically transparent deposits that are as much as 668 m thick. Volcanic debris and sediments locally are displaced down the flanks of the seamount. Bottom photographs and cores indicate that the transparent layer has accumulated slowly by deposition from suspensate-rich (mostly clay and planktonic foraminifera) water masses that flow around the mid to lower sectors of this submarine volcano. Bottom-current activity also modifies the abyssal plain turbidite-hemipelagic sequence surrounding the seamount.     

近岸沉积物对~(90)Sr(~(85)Sr),~(137)CS,~(60)CO及~(106)Ru的吸附性能

本文应用同位素示踪和γ能谱分析方法,就近岸沉积物对放射性同位素~(90)Sr((~85)Sr),~(137)Cs,~60Co及~(106)Ru的吸附性能进行了研究。对同种类型的沉积物,吸附分配系数Kd值的变化顺序大致为~(137)Cs>~(60)Co>~(106)Ru>~(90)Sr;对同种放射性同位素,吸附分配系数Kd值与沉积物的粒度系数(Mdφ)存在正相关关系;在低活度示踪条件下,Kd值不变。实验结果与相应海区的实际调查结果相符,沿岸核企业在设计排污方案时,亦应考虑沉积物对放射性同位素的吸附及其污染影响。     

Rates of oxygen consumption and tolerance of hypoxia and desiccation in Chinese black sleeper(Bostrichthys sinensis) and mudskipper(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) embryos

1Introduction Afossorialmodeoflifehasbeenadoptedbynu merousfishes(Gibson,1982).Burrowingmodeof lifeclearlyoffersanumberofadvantages,butburro wingfishmustalsobeadaptedtocopewiththespe cialproblemsthatthislifestylepresents.Fishthat constructburrowsininterti…