江苏晚古生代孢粉组合序列

结合新得的孢粉材料 ,总结了江苏泥盆纪—二叠纪孢粉组合序列 ,共计 7个组合 (带 ) :1)五通组下部观山段AL组合 (Fa2 b- c) ;　 2 )擂鼓台段中下部 L H组合 (Fa2 d) ;　 3)擂鼓台段中上部 L C组合 (Tn1 a— Tn1 b早期 ) ;　 4a)擂鼓台段顶部 MD组合 (Tn1 b晚期— Tn2 ) ;　 4b)“老坎组”MC组合 (Tn1 b晚期— Tn2 ) ;　 5 )高骊山组 DP组合(Tn3— V1 - 2 ) ;　 6 )龙潭组 GM组合 (P21 — P1 2 ) ;　 7)大隆组 CS组合 (暂名 ) (P22 )。简要介绍了每个组合的内容和特征并对某些地层的时代作了进一步讨论。     

黑龙江三江盆地晚白垩世海浪组孢粉组合

依据东基三井1 226. 0～1 538. 0 m井段的孢粉鉴定结果,结合前人资料,首次将该井段孢粉组合命名为Cyathidites-Taxodiaceaepolleni-Aquilapollenites组合。其组合特征为:裸子植物花粉占48. 10%～78. 58%,蕨类孢子占2. 44%～34. 18%,被子植物花粉占0%～28. 26%;蕨类孢子中Cyathidites百分含量最高(0. 79%～37. 50%),其次是Cicatricosisporites (0%～12. 50%)和Leiotriletes (0%～10. 00%),重要分子有Appendicisporites、Schizaeoisporites、Lygodiumsporites和Lygodioisporites;裸子植物花粉中Inaperturopllenites的百分含量最高(11. 29%～38. 83%),其次是Taxodiaceaepollenites (12. 66%～28. 57%),重要分子有Tsugaepollenites、Parcisporites、Parvisaccites、Ephedripites和Classopollis等;被子植物花粉中Tricolpites的百分含量最高(0%～16. 46%),其次是Betulaepollenites (0%～15. 22%),含量较高的还有Momipites和Tricolporopollenites,重要分子有Aquilapollenites、Fibulapollis和Proteacidites等。该组合可以与松辽盆地嫩江组孢粉组合对比,地质时代为晚白垩世Santonian-Campanian期。鉴于宁安市南团子山、高家等露头区海浪组所产Estherites mitsuishii、E. liuxinensis、Tylestheria cf. shanhoensis、Halysestheria yui、Calestherites sp.和Brachygrapta? sp.等叶肢介化石群,系松辽盆地嫩江组常见分子,故将东基三井1 226. 0～1 538. 0 m井段划归为海浪组,废弃"七星河组"一名。     

大庆长垣南端晚白垩世孢粉组合特征及其古气候记录

钻孔ZKMX15位于松辽盆地北部大庆长垣南端,岩性以泥岩夹粉砂岩为主,富含孢粉化石.通过对大庆长垣南端铀矿区钻孔ZKMX15岩芯孢粉分析,可以确定采样段岩心的地质时代为晚白垩世Campanian期;根据沉积特征和孢粉植物群面貌,对古植被和古气候进行了讨论,认为本区晚白垩世嫩江组上部沉积时期植被类型是针叶林、草丛,属于半干旱、半湿润的热带-亚热带气候环境.     

北黄海东部坳陷中侏罗世—早白垩世孢粉组合序列

北黄海东部坳陷的太阳区块富含中生代孢子、花粉化石。根据化石属种与含量的变化,自下而上划分出三个孢粉组合:即中侏罗世晚期(Bathonian-Callovian)的Cyathidites-Cycadopites-Quadraeculina组合,晚侏罗世的Classopollis-Protopinus-Callialasporites组合和早白垩世早、中期的Lygodiumsporites-CicatricosisporitesSchizaeoisporites组合。孢粉化石研究证实北黄海东部坳陷存在中侏罗世地层。     

老挝甘蒙省晚白垩世农波组孢粉组合及其对成盐环境的指示意义

通过对沙空那空盆地东南缘农波坳陷中龙湖钾盐矿区钻孔LH01岩芯三个含盐段上覆泥岩层孢粉分析, 自下至上得到Exesipollenites-Classopllis-Ephedripites和Psophosphaera-Classopllis-Exesipollenites两个孢粉组合, 并根据孢粉组合特征得出三个含盐段成盐地质时代为晚白垩世土伦—桑顿期; 另孢粉组合反映的植被景观面貌证实了该区在成盐期间气候总体炎热干旱, 最终形成以蒸发岩与泥岩交替出现的三个沉积循环序列, 其上泥岩层中孢粉组合的变化说明第三成盐旋回期间气候有转凉迹象。     

开鲁盆地东北部钱家店凹陷晚白垩世姚家组孢粉组合及其古气候意义

对于开鲁盆地姚家组孢粉学的研究不仅丰富了该地区晚白垩世孢粉学资料,而且为该地区晚白垩世地层划分与对比提供了依据.通过对开鲁盆地钱家店凹陷钻孔QIV-48-61深315~447 m井段的岩心做了详细采样、描述,并进行了孢粉化石的处理、鉴定和分析,在其中的10个层位中发现了丰富的孢粉化石,共计73属88种,并建立了3个孢粉组合,自下而上依次为Schizaeoisporites-Cyathidites-Tricolpopollenites,Schizaeoisporites-Classopollis-Taxodiaceaepollenites和Schizaeoisporites-Exesipollenties-Tricolpopollenites,根据孢粉组合内一些重要分子的地质时限及与外区有关孢粉组合的对比,将其时代划归为晚白垩世Coniacian晚期-Santonian早期,其层位相当于姚家组.根据孢粉母体植物形态和生态特征、干湿度环境和气候环境,将其孢粉植物群反映的植被、干湿度和气候带划分为3个演化阶段:第1演化阶段(405.9~413.2 m)沉积时期植被面貌大体为针叶林与草本共生,对应于湿润、半湿润的热带-亚热带气候;第2演化阶段(389.7~405.9 m)植被面貌演化为以高大乔木型针叶树种占优势地位,并出现一次明显的干旱化事件,对应于半干旱的热带-亚热带气候;第3演化阶段(336.0~389.7 m)植被面貌与第1阶段相似,为针叶林与草本共生,干旱化有所缓解,对应于半湿润-半干旱的热带-亚热带气候.      

芦山—天全地区晚白垩世—老第三纪冲积扇—湖泊沉积组合

分布于芦山－天全地区的大溪砾岩与晚白垩世灌口组、老第三纪名山组属同期异相沉积，大溪砾岩为一大型冲积扇体，该扇体向南东逐渐过渡到以灌口组、名山组为代表的湖相沉积，系陆相盆地中一个典型的冲积扇－湖泊沉积组合实例。     

Current research on Cretaceous lake systems in Northeast China

One of the most important problems of Chinese Mesozoic stratigraphy has been the age of the Jehol Group--nonmarine, coal-bearing strata in northeastern China with an extensive, diverse and exquisitely preserved fossil biota. This problem began with American geologist Amadeus Grabau （1870- 1946）, who went to China in 1920 to take the position of Professor of Geology at Peking University and spent the remainder of his career studying the stratigraphy and invertebrate paleontology of China. One of Grabau＇s most influential scientific constructs was his recognition of the Jehol biota （or fauna）, an assemblage of fossil conchostracans, insects, mollusks, fishes and plants originally derived from nonmarine strata in western Liaoning later termed the Jehol Group （in ascending order, the current Yixian,     

苏北盆地高邮凹陷第三系--上白垩统层序地层格架特征

依据地震、钻测井、岩芯、古生物等资料中的层序地层特征,可将高邮凹陷厚达7000m的第三系-上白垩统泰州组划分为2个一级层序,4个二级层序,11个三级层序。进而依据最大湖泛面和断裂坡折带(首次湖泛面)对三级层序进行了体系域划分。在11个三级层序中识别出低位、湖侵和高位体系域的不同组合。由于汉留断层在高邮凹陷东西向上发育的程度不同,造成凹陷西部为双断断陷式盆地结构,东部为单断断箕式盆地结构,据此建立了高邮凹陷西部具断裂坡折带和东部无明显坡折带的层序地层样式。最后分析了层序发育的主控因素,认为构造和气候是高邮凹陷层序发育的主控因素。     

中国东北地区早白垩世无尾两栖类化石一新属

描述了发现于中国东北地区中生代地层中的蛙类化石一新属、新种,即莫旗蒙蟾(新属、新种)Mengbatrachus moqi gen. et sp. nov.。化石产于内蒙古自治区最东部与黑龙江省相邻的莫旗。该类化石的的主要特征如下:头宽大于头长,上颌骨和前颌骨具有密集排列的牙齿;两鼻骨在中线相接;副蝶骨长条状;翼骨较大,鳞骨、上肩胛骨发育,乌喙骨近端膨大显著;荐前椎8个,脊椎横突发育;第Ⅱ—Ⅳ荐前椎具有短粗肋骨;肋骨单头,近端膨大;荐椎横突呈近似棒状,远端仅稍加宽;尾杆骨上有一对椎后横突;胫跗骨和腓跗骨仅在近端和远端愈合。这是除辽蟾外,在中国发现的另一新的中生代无尾两栖类化石。     

Trends in Cretaceous and Tertiary geomagnetic reversals

The statistical theory of modulated renewal processes is used to analyze the polarity reversal scales of Larson & Hilde (1975) and LaBreque, Kent & Cande (1977). The results suggest that the trending effect in these data may be modelled by a rate parameter with an exponential quadratic trend. Short times in one polarity state tend to be followed by short times in the other state. The graphical analysis points to the possibility of an undulating pattern in reversal rates. The empirical distributions of the normal and reversed polarities show slight differences in comparison with each other in most of the statistical tests, but a moving-window analysis indicates possible serial effects for the normal times. As a rough approximation, a statistical two-state model for reversals might be realistic, for example, an alternating renewal process under relaxed assumptions. There has been a gradual stepping-up of the minimum reversal rate from the Oligocene to the present, but little change in the observed range of the reversal rates. With the long quiet (Mercanton) interval removed from the data, the average time spent in the reversed polarity state is slightly greater than for the normal state. A change in statistical properties for the entire set of data considered as a single sample occurs around the Eocene-Oligocene transition (Middle Eocene on earlier time scales). The analyses of the statistical second-order properties of the entire sequence of 271 observations, and the subsets of normal and reversed between-times, reject a renewal hypothesis if theoretical statistical considerations are strictly applied to the results (although this hypothesis is not rejected for the Oligocene to Recent observations); this result is at variance with some geophysical models. A short appendix on the theory of point processes is provided to aid the general reader in following the arguments used in this paper.     

东北地区拉布达林盆地的构造特征及早白垩世变形序列

拉布达林盆地为内蒙-大兴安岭古生代碰撞造山带之上的中生代断陷盆地,主要发育下白垩统和第四系.拉布达林盆地的构造特征复杂,主要发育NE向、NEE向和NW向构造,其中NE向构造主要为一系列NE向犁式正断层及其与之相伴的同向正断层组合,NEE向构造具有剪切正断层的性质,NE向和NEE向断层都是形成于塔木兰沟组-伊列克得组沉积时期的控陷断层,它们是形成于同一应力场具有不同力学性质的构造.NW向断层形成较晚,切割了NE向和NEE向断层,具有左行走滑的特征.在大磨拐河组沉积时期经历了较大规模的挤压作用,不仅使部分早期NE向控陷正断层发生正反转作用,而且形成断层转折褶皱和断层传播褶皱.依据反射地震资料及相关地质资料,确定拉布达林盆地在早白垩世经历了3期变形作用,即塔木兰沟组-伊列克得组沉积时期的NW-SE向的伸展作用、大磨拐河组沉积时期的NW-SE向挤压作用和伊敏组沉积时期的近EW向伸展作用.     

Carbonate platform depositional sequences, Upper Cretaceous, south-central Pyrenees (Spain)

The Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Maastrichtian) of the south-central Pyrenees shows five carbonate platform sequences where the major parameters are tectonism, relative sea-level fluctuations and inherited depositional profile. Depositional geometries and basin analysis permit an understanding of the depositional history.Five depositional sequences have been recognized: (1) The Santa Fe sequence (Middle-Upper Cenomanian), a ramp to a skeletal rimmed shelf with an escarpment bypass margin. The lower boundary is an angular unconformity and the upper one records a sea-level drop. The platform location of the margin was determined by a listric normal fault. (2) An abrupt sea-level rise drowned the former platform. The Congost sequence (Turonian-Lower Coniacian), a distally steepened ramp with erosional distal deep slope. The depositional model was largely controlled by pre-existing basin morphology. Cessation of platform development was due to a relative sea-level drop. (3) The Sant Corneli sequence (Upper Coniacian-Lower Santonian), a mixed terrigenous-skeletal homoclinal ramp with upright margin, deep slope and dysaerobic basin. The slope results from the backstepping by 24 km of the previous margin and gentle basin tilting. The platform margin remained more or less at the same position, and relief between platform and slope increased indicating continuous relative sea-level rise. The upper boundary is an angular unconformity at the platform margin produced by an abrupt sea-level rise and platform drowning, and by listric normal faulting. (4) The Vallcarga sequence (Upper Santonian-Campanian), a distal-steepened skeletal homoclinal ramp, erosional escarpment and turbidite basin, which corresponds to the Mesozoic maximum marine expansion. A listric normal fault created two depositional areas: a more or less flat footwall block with a north-northwest prograding carbonate ramp.     

松辽盆地科学钻探工程松科二井东孔上白垩统地球物理测井科学成果

松辽盆地科学钻探工程是围绕地球深部资源、古环境与古气候等一系列重要地球科学问题而实施的重大科学工程。作为该工程的主体钻孔, 松科二井东孔设计为松辽盆地最深钻孔, 设计深度6 400.0 m, 计划穿透白垩系地层、钻至盆地基底。由于上白垩统井段取心量非常少, 因此地球物理测井的作用尤为重要。该孔正式开钻后, 采用先进的成像测井设备对一开和二开钻井井段(上白垩统井段)先后实施4次裸眼井综合测井和套管井测井作业, 并系统地开展测井综合评价, 取得以下科学成果: (1)原位获取了常规测井、特殊测井和固井质量检查测井资料共20种, 资料丰富、质量优良, 建立了上白垩统连续的岩石物理参数标准剖面; (2)完成了上白垩统地层划分、岩性识别、沉积和构造精细解释; (3)识别出泉头组油气储层、嫩江组和青山口组烃源岩层、嫩江组高放射性异常层, 以及上白垩统地热开发潜力层; (4)探索了青山口组古气候分析的有利测井指标; (5)及时提供准确的井径、钻孔轨迹和固井质量等关键钻探工程信息。研究成果对于松辽盆地地球物理勘探科学“标尺”建立、古环境与古气候研究、钻探工程施工起到至关重要的作用, 为整个钻探工程科学目标的实现奠定良好基础。     

Early Cretaceous porphyry copper mineralization in Northeast China: the Changfagou example

The Changfagou Cu deposit is a newly discovered porphyry deposit located in the southern Jilin Province of Northeastern China, on the northeastern margin of the North China Craton. To better understand the formation of the Cu deposit, we report the zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os dating, and Sr-, Nd-, and Hf- isotopic data of the granite porphyry. LA-ICP-MS dating of zircon grains from two mineral zones in the granite porphyry yield ages of 115.7 ± 0.8 and 115.3 ± 0.6 Ma, which is interpreted as the emplacement age of the granite porphyry. The molybdenite Re–Os model ages of 112.5 to 113.8 Ma, an isochron age of 113.3 ± 1.3 Ma, and a weighted mean model age of 113.0 ± 0.7 Ma, which represents the age of the Cu mineralization quite well. The Changfagou granite porphyry samples lack amphibole and muscovite, and are compositionally characterized by high SiO₂, high Na₂O+K₂O, and low P₂O₅, enriched in some Rb, Th, U, and Pb, and depleted in Nb, Ta, Ti, P, and Eu. Mineralogical and geochemical features suggest that the Changfagou granite porphyry samples are slightly peraluminous and are of highly fractionated I-type granitoids. The granitic rocks also have relatively high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i (0.71199 to 0. 71422), and both low εNd(t) (?14.56 to ?13.19) and εHf(t) values (?14.916 to ?8.644), which suggest that Changfagou granite porphyry are derived from mixed sources of crustal and mantle, and diagenesis and mineralization were possibly related to the switch in subduction direction of the Palaeo-Pacific Plate in the late phase of Early Cretaceous.     

Late Cretaceous Aquatic Angiosperms from Jiayin,Heilongjiang, Northeast China

Three taxa of Late Cretaceous aquatic angiosperms, Queruexia angulata （Lesq.） Krysht., Cobbania corrugata （Lesq.） Stockey et al. and Nelumbites cf. extenuinervis Upchurch et al. from Jiayin of Heilongjiang, NE China, are described in detail. Among them, Cobbania and Nelumbites from the Upper Cretaceous in China are reported for the first time. The aquatic angiosperm assemblage of Queruexia-Cobbania-Nelumbites appears to imply a seasonal, warm and moist environment in the Jiayin area during the Santonian-Campanian time.     

Late Cretaceous Aquatic Angiosperms from Jiayin, Heilongjiang,Northeast China

Three taxa of Late Cretaceous aquatic angiosperms,Queruexia angulata(Lesq.)Krysht., Cobbania corrugata(Lesq.)Stockey et al.and Nelumbites cf.extenuinervis Upchurch et al.from Jiayin of Heilongjiang,NE China,are described in detail.Among them,Cobbania and Nelumbites from the Upper Cretaceous in China are reported for the first time.The aquatic angiosperm assemblage of Queruexia-Cobbania-Nelumbites appears to imply a seasonal,warm and moist environment in the Jiayin area during the Santonian-Campanian time.