点位错引起的单层密度变化

采用求解地壳单层密度变化的一般公式，导出其平面近似公式并给出了相应的数值计算方法。在此基础上，将点位错引起的地表形变和重力变化同时解析延拓至Ｂｊｅｒｈａｍｍａｒ球面上，得到了点位错引起的地壳单层密度变化的图像。分析表明：①单层密度变化图像与地表形变、重力变化图像相似；②地表形变对单层密度变化的影响比地表重力变化要大；③若点位错引起地表重力变化为１０－６～１０－７ｍ／ｓ２量级、高程变化为０．１～１ｍ量级，则单层密度变化可达１０３～１０４ｋｇ／ｍ２量级；④单层密度变化在隆升区为正，沉降区为负     

局域Bjerhammar问题解算理论和断层位错引起的单层密度变化

为了利用大地测量数据解算地壳内部密度时变 ,并为研究地震孕育过程和地震前兆中物质密度时变信息提供理论依据 ,研究了局域 Bjerhammar球面单层密度时变问题的平面解算理论 ;给出了不同投影下 Bjerhammar球面单层密度时变及相关重力位场的严格解式 ;导出了局域 Bjerhammar问题解算理论的使用条件 ,即满足一定精度要求的门限 R和ψ0 的严格解析关系式 ;给出了不同 Bjerhammar平面上的 q*t 之间的关系式 ,并根据一般迭代解算 q*t 的收敛特性 ,提出了空间域的分步迭代算法和空间域、波数域 (二步 )混合算法 ,从理论上解决了解算局域单层密度时变的稳定问题 (当 R较小或 H较大时 )。然后以此为基础 ,研究了位错引起的单层密度变化 ,并给出了不同点位错、断层位错类型引起的单层密度变化的解析表达式和断层位错在不同深度或不同 Bjerhammar球上引起的单层密度变化图像。     

苏鲁皖地区现今地壳垂直运动及郯庐断裂带的活动特征

根据苏鲁皖地区１９５３～１９９５年多期精密复测水准资料，以及地质地貌构造背景，研究了苏鲁皖地区的地壳垂直运动及郯庐断裂中南段现今的活动特征，获得如下结论：（１）横穿本区的郯庐断裂带的活动直接控制着本区的构造活动；（２）郯庐断裂的活动特征为张压交替；（３）约自１９５３年开始，苏鲁皖地区地壳运动的演化顺序为张→压→张→压；新的“压”性运动约始于１９９３年，目前正在加强；（４）郯庐断裂带近期运动性质为左旋走滑；（５）张、压运动并不处于同一方向上（彼此相差约４５°）。     

重力和形变资料联合反演地壳密度时间变化的一种方法

基于单层位理论，利用动态大地测量基本方程，选取Ｂｊｅｒｈａｍｍａｒ虚拟球作球近似，同时将地面观测数据δｇｔ（重复重力）和δＨｔ（重复水准）等解析延拓至Ｂｊｅｒｈａｍｍａｒ球面上，得到求解地壳内部密度时间变化及相关重力位场时间变化的一组公式，并给出了相应的迭代求解方法     

南北带北段地壳上地幔密度与磁性结构

利用对应分析约束下的重磁联合反演方法,计算了南北带北段４条地震测深剖面的地壳上地幔的密度和磁化率物性参数。结果表明：①自上而下区内存在中新生界地层与下伏地层（０．１４～０．３０ｇ／ｃｍ３）、中上地壳与下地壳（０．１０～０．２０ｇ／ｃｍ３）和下地壳与上地幔顶部之间（０．３０～０．４０ｇ／ｃｍ３）３个密度分界面;②区内磁性参数随深度增加而增大,浅部中新生界地层几乎无磁性,中上地壳磁化率一般为１００～１５０００×１０－６ＩＳ;下地壳磁性层磁化率明显升高,一般为１５０００～２００００×１０－６ＩＳ;③区内地壳各构造层的密度和磁化率存在明显的横向变化,其分区特征与大地构造分区基本一致。     

越南红河断裂带的深部结构、现今动力学与地震活动

展示了越南红河断裂带（RRFZ）的地壳结构，断裂与地震活动表现的主要特征，研究结果表明：（1）红河断裂带的莫霍面的深度在22－24km与30－32km之间变动，倾向北西；与之相反，此处地壳的结晶面则倾向北东且其在红河新生代拗陷的中部的深度只有8－9km。（2）在现代，红河断裂带受来自燕东方向的挤压影响，在此断裂带的北东部分明显有强烈的隆升和地震活动。（3）地震震中主要分布于7－20km的深度，大多数在10－16km的范围内。震中最小深度与最大震级之间的相关函数lgHmin=0.25Ms-0.30。（4）红河断裂带的主要孕震断裂为Lo河，Vinh Ninh,Chay河，红河，Fansipan及BinhLuc等断裂，在红河断裂带地区，最强的地震可达Mmax=5.6-6.0级，而最强烈的地震活动带在Chay河与红河一带地区。（5）红河断裂带地区区域地震危险性最高的可能在LunYen-YenBai和VietTri-Hanoi地区。     

陕甘宁青地区的地形变特征与强震活动

分析了陕甘宁青地区的地壳形变特征及其与强震的关系．结果表明：(1)地壳形变特征存在时空差异性。不同地区地形变活动强弱与其至主要边界断裂带的距离存在相关性，主要边界断裂带附近地区相对活动强烈，远处则减弱。(2)不同时期各断层地形变活动强弱不同，既和构造应力场的变化有关，又与地震活动关系密切；断层垂直形变的逆继承性构造运动的活动时期远小于继承性构造运动的活动时期，且不同区域地壳构造运动发生转折的时间不尽相同，同时断层形变前兆异常亦存在时空差异性。(3)多场地、大范围的断层活动异常可能与强震活动相呼应。     

滇西试验场区地壳的试验均衡研究

本文利用滇西试验场区最新完全布格重力异常和地形高资料，采用设置虚拟数区和边界限定、消除趋势项、低道滤波等预处理措施，按试验均衡理论，计算了该区地壳的均衡响应函数及试验均衡异常；结合文献［１］的研究结果，对其均衡异常分布特征、区域构造运动机制、活动断裂与强震展布间的关系进行了研究；结果表明：１）该区均衡响应函数值高于美国、加拿大及我国华北等地区，其地壳处于亚均衡状态；２）区内各部位的均衡状态并不均一，且异常幅值大小多与地壳的相对隆起或沉降相关；３）红河断裂带两侧均衡异常值差异明显，全区均衡异常的展布同活动断裂与强震分布有较密切的联系。     

滇西重力断层运动时间分布特征的初步研究

地表观测的重复重力数据综合反映了地表观测点的位置变化、地壳内部密度变化和地壳内部构造变形，通过反演这些数据得到的断层位错运动的时间变化综合反映了地壳内部形变和密度变化的耦合运动。为此，利用滇西1985年以来的重复重力观测数据，结合地质调查和地球物理推断结果确定断层运动模型作为约束，并考虑到观测数据和模型粗差，反演获得了滇西主要活动断裂运动的时间变化分布。结果表明，滇西1985－2001年断层运动的时间变化表现出断层往复运动特征，较好地反映了区内Ms≥6.0地震（如1996年丽江Ms7.0地震、1998年宁蒗Ms6.2地震和2000年姚安Ms6.5地震等）的孕育过程。指出强震孕育过程遵循地壳内部密度和地壳形变耦合运动模式（简称DD耦合运动模式），并给出了断层位错DD耦合运动模式的基本图像。     

利用重复重力观测资料研究地震活动与地壳的损伤演化过程

利用细观损伤力学模型建立了地壳损伤演化过程与地球重力场变化的关系 ,讨论了利用重力观测资料计算地壳微裂纹密度参数变化分布的理论与计算方法。利用河西地区 1992～ 1999年多期重复重力观测资料对该地区的裂纹密度参数变化进行了计算 ,并将计算结果与该地区的各观测时间段内相应发生的一级以上地震活动进行了对比分析 ,取得了一些有意义的结论和认识。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Influence of livestock soil eutrophication on floral composition in the Pyrenees mountains

Livestock behaviour in the Pyrenees includes free grazing and a long resting period that provokes the accumulation of dung and urine in some places,so-called camping areas. The aims of this study were （i） to analyze any change in floral composition,and in nutritional and chemical contents of plants in a livestock camping area; and （ii） to relate the floral composition with soil chemical properties. In a linear transect,five sampling zones were established,from the centre of the camping area to the surrounding Nardus stricta-dominant pasture. The above ground plant biomass and the topsoil were sampled in each zone with 6 replicates per zone. Plant species were classified and weighed to calculate above ground biomass,nutritional and chemical contents,and Shannon diversity and evenness indices. Additionally,soils were sampled in two periods,at the beginning and at the end of grazing period. Soil available nutrients （nitrate,ammonium,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium）,total nitrogen,organic carbon and pH were measured.
Plant chemical contents （protein,lignin and others） were significantly related to the proportions of grasses,legumes and other plants; so,the protein content is positively correlated with legumes plant biomass while lignin content is negatively correlated with grasses. Both plant and soil nutrients increased linearly towards the centre of the camping area. However,the relationship among plant species richness,diversity and evenness relative to its position along the studied transect was bell-shaped. From the outskirts to the centre of the camping area,plants with low nutrient demand were progressively replaced by those with medium and high nutrients demand and by pioneers.
Nardus stricta-dominant pasture has low plant diversity and plant nutrient content as well as a poor soil nutrient availability. The presence of the camping area introduced patches with more soil nutrients and new species in the large spatial scale. However at a small spatial scale,the strong soil nutrien     

General Table of Contents(Vol.11,2014)

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介绍GPS定位中的几个概念

文章概略介绍了利用卫星进行定位的原理 ;由卫星信号传播、信号接收和SA政策等引起的理论误差 ;给出了多种快速、高精度定位的工作模式和观测点选择的原则 ;列出了将WGS - 84坐标转换为我国坐标的公式及解算参数的具体方法 ,供读者在GPS工作中参考。