Distribution and Seasonal Variability of Organic Matter in a Small Eutrophicated Salt Lake

Distribution and seasonal variability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and surface active substances (SAS) were studied along the depth profile (15 m) in a small eutrophicated and periodically anoxic sea lake (Rogoznica Lake, Eastern Adriatic coast) in 1996 and 1997. The range of DOC concentrations was characteristic for productive coastal marine ecosystems (60% of samples in the range of 1–2 mg l⁻¹and 40% between 2 and 3 mg l⁻¹). Distribution of SAS concentrations was uniform and shifted toward higher concentrations in comparison to other coastal areas in the Adriatic Sea. Eutrophication in the lake is generated by nutrient recycling under anaerobic conditions. Systematically higher concentrations of chlorophyll a, DOC and SAS were determined at the chemocline in the bottom layer (10–12 m) than in the upper water layer (0·5–2 m). Seasonal variability of organic matter was discussed regarding distributions of microphytoplankton (cells >20 μm) and photosynthetic pigments as well as oxygen and salinity changes along the depth profile. The dissolved oxygen saturation reaching up to 300% in the water layer between 8 m and 10 m depths in May and June 1996, was correlated with enhanced concentrations of phytoplankton biomass (reflected as chl a and b, fucoxanthin, peridinin, zeaxanthin) and increased concentrations of DOC and SAS.     

对马海峡环流季节变化的模拟及分析

在利用改进的POM模式的基础上,嵌套西北太平洋区域模式HAMSOM结果,建立1个日本海对马海峡海域斜压准预报模式.通过与已有的观测和研究进行对比,得到较为可信的模拟结果.以温度场和盐度场为参考,系统分析讨论该海域的环流结构及其季节变化.对于温度锋和盐度锋的位置,以及对马暖流的流核等存在争议的问题给出了相应的解释.对马海峡作为日本海的上层水体主要输入区域,对马暖流携带的高温高盐水经过该区域时,在温盐等方面呈现出自南向北的递减变化趋势.对马暖流被对马岛分为东西两支,流核深度随季节变化,并且明显存在双核结构.     

东海陆架环流季节变化的模拟与分析

在改进POM模式基础上,建立1个中国东部海域斜压准预报模式,利用全球海洋模式结果并结合实测资料以及高精度卫星遥感SST资料,进行了东海陆架海域温盐及环流年循环的数值模拟,并系统分析了东海陆架环流系统及其季节变化、各暖流的路径等广为关注的问题。模式结果表明：黑潮主轴主体沿陆架坡折走向,中段黑潮流幅由南至北增宽,流速变大,流核所达深度变浅。浙闽沿岸流是一典型的季风环流,台湾暖流终年表现出东、北两分支结构,其分支表现出明显的季节性变化特征。在东海东北部陆架海域,冬季黑潮以其分支形式向北入侵,夏季则主要以大陆边缘流的形式向北进入陆架。论文对各暖流的水源也进行了相应的分析。     

基于HYCOM的风生大洋环流模拟及季节变化分析

基于垂向混合坐标系统的海洋模式HYCOM建立了全球大洋气候态环流场.在此基础上与前人研究工作进行对比,分析和讨论了全球风生大洋环流场的季节变化情况.从模拟结果看该模式具有较好的模拟能力,可以合理地模拟南极绕极流、赤道流系、黑潮和湾流等世界各主要大洋流系.从断面温度场、流函数分布和断面流量场等分析显示:南极绕极流堪称世界最强流,湾流整体强于黑潮,3者都具有夏季增强、冬季减弱的特点.HYCOM模式在国外的研究方兴未艾,而在国内的应用尚处在起步阶段.本文通过对该模式的介绍和结果分析,向读者推荐使用该模式.     

Modeling of Thermal and Oxygen Conditions in Lake Kinneret (Israel)

Within the framework of a one-dimensional model taking into account the presence of an upper mixed layer, we compute the seasonal variation of temperature and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the central part of Lake Kinneret. The temperature conditions of the lake are determined by heat exchange with the atmosphere, and the oxygen conditions depend on gas exchange with the atmosphere and oxygen consumption in sediments as well as on internal sources and sinks. The latter are connected with oxygen supply in the course of photosynthesis and its consumption for the oxidation of labile organic substance in the water thickness. In the period of winter convection from December to February, when the upper mixed layer reaches the bottom, complete aeration of water takes place. The presence of thermal stratification of the lake in the remaining time results in oxygen deficiency under the thermocline.     

Seasonal Variability of Thermohaline Front in the Central South China Sea

An upper layer thermohaline front across the South China Sea (SCS) basin from the South Vietnamese coast (around 15°N) to Luzon Island (around 19°N) has been identified using the Navy's open domain Generalized Digital Environmental Model (GDEM) monthly mean temperature and salinity data on a 0.5° × 0.5° grid. This front does not occur at the surface in summer. The strength of this front is around 1°C/100 km at the surface and 1.4°C/100 km at the subsurface (50 m deep). A cross-basin current, inverted using the P-vector method, is associating with the front. Meandering and eddies have been identified along this current. Seasonal and vertical variabilities of the thermohaline structure across this front are reported in this paper. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Seasonal Variability of Temperature Fronts in the Black Sea from Satellite Data

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The structure and seasonal variability of temperature frontal zones and fronts in the Black Sea are studied on the basis of a modern high-resolution...     

Seasonal Variability in Circulation Pattern and Residence Time of Suo-Nada

The development and evolution of the persistent counterclockwise circulation in Suo-Nada have been studied in detail using a three-dimensional numerical model. The realistic circulation has been reproduced from the monthly climatological fields of salinity, temperature along the open boundary, wind, heat flux and buoyancy input from twenty-two major rivers surrounding the basin. The seasonal variation of fresh-water discharge from the rivers proved to be the most important forcing mechanism driving the circulation. The expansion and contraction of coastal low salinity water well corresponded with the development of counterclockwise circulation from spring to summer and dissipation from autumn to winter. The circulation was found to be vertically homogenous and quasi-barotropic. However, confined along the coastal zone is an estuarine flow (i.e., oppositely directed currents in the upper and lower layers) whose horizontal dimension conforms to the period of maximum buoyancy flux from the rivers. This indicates that the flow pattern in Suo-Nada can be separated into two distinct regions where the relative dominance of estuarine circulation plays a significant role. Furthermore, the monthly water exchange capacity for autonomous purification of the basin has been evaluated from the average residence time of conservative material based on the calculated current field. It is demonstrated that the kinetic energy of the basin is directly responsible in promoting water exchange in Suo-Nada. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中国近海海水透明度分布特征与季节变化

统计了2006—2007年中国近海环境调查的透明度数据,绘制了中国近海4个季节的透明度分布图,分析了透明度的分布特征及季节变化。结果表明,水深和入海径流对中国近海透明度分布影响最大。总体上,除长江口等重要河口区外,透明度等值线分布趋势基本与等深线一致,即近岸浅水区透明度最小,外海深水区透明度最大。由渤海至南海,透明度有不断增大的趋势。统计表明,冬季透明度最小,夏季透明度最大。从透明度分布特征上看,长江口及其以东海域随季节的变化最为显著。而从透明度值变化上看,渤海海域随季节的变化最为显著。与历史数据对比,渤海、长江口以东海域及海南岛以西海域透明度值的观测结果明显减小。     

Geostrophic Circulation of Waters in the South Atlantic Ocean and Its Seasonal Variability

Based on an analysis of the monthly average diagrams of dynamic topography, we reveal some specific features of the geostrophic circulation of waters in the South Atlantic Ocean. We present an improved picture of the structure and annual variability of the climatic large-scale circulations. They are compared with similar climatic cells of the large-scale circulation of waters in the north part of the ocean. Quantitative estimates of the characteristics of seasonal oscillations of the field of dynamic heights are obtained.     

Seasonal Variability in the Sedimentary Matter Flux on the Shelf of the Northern Kara Sea

Oceanology - Sedimentation rates in the northern Kara Sea between September 2019 and July 2020 were calculated from integrated monthly values for sedimentary matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, total...     

西太平洋暖池三维结构的季节和年际变化

基于1950-2011年间的太平洋月平均水温资料和ENSO指数,以28℃等温线作为暖池的定义标准,研究了暖池三维结构的季节和年际变化,并探讨了暖池三维结构与不同类型ENSO的关系。结果表明,暖池三维结构存在着较显著、但并不一致的季节和年际变化。其中,在季节变化方面,暖池冬季西缩、春季东扩,冬季偏南、夏季偏北,春、秋季变厚,冬、夏季变薄;在年际变化方面,暖池的三维结构在超前1~3个月时与ENSO有较密切的对应关系。在El Nio(La Nia)发生前1~3个月时,暖池异常东扩(西缩),暖水向赤道辐合(向赤道外辐散),暖池变薄(增厚)。初步分析表明,暖池三维结构的季节变化主要是由太阳辐射、风和海洋环流引起的,而其年际变化则主要是由热带太平洋的纬向风异常、赤道Kelvin波和Rossby波引起的纬向流异常以及Ekman输送共同导致的。此外,20m和50m层的暖池东界分别与东部型和中部型ENSO事件有非常密切的关系,可作为研究不同类型ENSO的指标序列。     

Seasonal Variability of Water and Sea-Ice Circulation in the Arctic Ocean in a High-Resolution Model

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - In this work, results of modeling the intra-annual variability of water and ice circulation in the Arctic Ocean by means of the INMIO4.1...     

Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Chlorophyll-a Concentration in the Bering Sea Found from Satellite Data

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - This study characterizes the spatiotemporal variability of chlorophyll-a in the Bering Sea and adjacent Pacific Ocean based on 2003–2019 MODIS...     

The Effect of Seasonal Variability of Atlantic Water on the Arctic Sea Ice Cover

Under the influence of global warming, the sea ice in the Arctic Ocean (AO) is expected to reduce with a transition toward a seasonal ice cover by the end of this century. A comparison of climate-model predictions with measurements shows that the actual rate of ice cover decay in the AO is higher than the predicted one. This paper argues that the rapid shrinking of the Arctic summer ice cover is due to its increased seasonality, while seasonal oscillations of the Atlantic origin water temperature create favorable conditions for the formation of negative anomalies in the ice-cover area in winter. The basis for this hypothesis is the fundamental possibility of the activation of positive feedback provided by a specific feature of the seasonal cycle of the inflowing Atlantic origin water and the peaking of temperature in the Nansen Basin in midwinter. The recently accelerated reduction in the summer ice cover in the AO leads to an increased accumulation of heat in the upper ocean layer during the summer season. The extra heat content of the upper ocean layer favors prerequisite conditions for winter thermohaline convection and the transfer of heat from the Atlantic water (AW) layer to the ice cover. This, in turn, contributes to further ice thinning and a decrease in ice concentration, accelerated melting in summer, and a greater accumulation of heat in the ocean by the end of the following summer. An important role is played by the seasonal variability of the temperature of AW, which forms on the border between the North European and Arctic basins. The phase of seasonal oscillation changes while the AW is moving through the Nansen Basin. As a result, the timing of temperature peak shifts from summer to winter, additionally contributing to enhanced ice melting in winter. The formulated theoretical concept is substantiated by a simplified mathematical model and comparison with observations.     

Seasonal Variability of the Thermohaline Characteristics and Volumetric Statistical Parameters of Water Masses in the Drake Passage

On the basis of the many-year monthly average thermohaline data of the oceanographic array, we study some regularities of the seasonal cycle in the fields of temperature, salinity, and the characteristics of water masses in the Drake Passage. We obtain and analyze the amplitude and phase parameters of seasonal oscillations of the investigated quantities. By using the volumetric statistical T, S-analysis, we deduce quantitative estimates of the annual variations of the volumes of main water masses in the Drake Passage. Possible mechanisms responsible for the phenomena observed in this region are discussed.__________Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 6, pp. 62–73, November–December, 2004.