稀土元素在剪切带中的含量变异及变异机制----以胶南造山带北缘剪切带为例

剪切带内的构造岩在韧性变形前后其稀土元素的含量发生有规律的变异,表现在随变箐过程的增强,各稀土元素的含量及ＬＲＥＥ、ＨＲＥＥ、ＲＥＥ总含量均明显增加,而稀土配分模式不变。通过胶南造山带花岗质构造岩变形前后的等比分析,稀土元素的含量增加主要是由于构造岩变形之后较大的体积亏损所引起;并进一步根据含量变异与体积亏损之间的函数关系,求得花岗岩变形改造为糜陵岩的体积亏损率为１４．５％,改造为超糜棱岩的体积亏     

韧性剪切变形过程中稀土元素的变异--对"稀土元素在剪切带中的含量变异及其变异机制"一文的讨论

本文通过对周建波等人1998年发表在本刊上的有关韧性剪切带稀土元素稳定性一文的讨论,结合国内外有关稀土元素在各地质环境中的活动性和韧性剪切带流体渗滤作用对体系中元素迁移影响的研究成果,探讨了韧性剪切变形过程中稀土元素的可变性质及其控制因素.     

稀土元素在剪切带中的含量变异及变异机制──以胶南造山带北缘剪切带为例

剪切带内的构造岩在韧性变形前后其稀土元素的含量发生有规律的变异,表现在随变形程度的增强,各稀土元素的含量及ＬＲＥＥ、ＨＲＥＥ、ＲＥＥ总含量均明显增加,而稀土配分模式不变。通过胶南造山带花岗质构造岩变形前后的等比分析,稀土元素的含量增加主要是由于构造岩变形之后较大的体积亏损所引起;并进一步根据含量变异与体积亏损之间的函数关系,求得花岗岩变形改造为糜棱岩的体积亏损率为１４．５％,改造为超糜棱岩的体积亏损率达２０％。     

韧性剪切变形过程中稀土元素的变异 ——：对“稀土元素在剪切带中的含量变异及其变异机制”一文的讨论

本文通过对周建波等人1998年发表在本刊上的有关韧性剪切带稀土元素稳定性一文的讨论,结合国内外有关稀土元素在各地质环境中的活动性和韧性剪切带流体渗滤作用对体系中元素迁移影响的研究成果,探讨了韧性剪切变形过程中稀土元素的可变性质及其控制因素。     

剪切带的流体－岩石相互作用

作为大陆岩石圈中的应变局部化带，剪切带中一般都渗透着大量流体。流体的来源与剪切带所处的构造背景、流变域和水文条件有关，而剪切带中流体的流动则受岩石的渗透率、孔隙度、孔隙性质、流体的扩散和渗透能力、环境的温压条件、应力或载荷的梯度等因素所制约。剪切带中流体的成分、通量及赋存状态或流动方式，直接影响着岩石的流变。由应变局部化及力学失稳所引起的化学不平衡和由流体与岩石的相互作用，使剪切带岩石的矿物成分和化学成分发生调整，其变异程度取决于原岩的性质、剪切的温压条件和流体的成分及通量等。由于流体的渗透流动和流体与岩石的相互作用使剪切带的体积有所变化，体积变化过程是一种自组织行为。较大的体积亏损，意味着剪切带中渗透过大量的流体，这对剪切带的流变行为、化学行为和成矿作用都有深刻的影响。     

剪切带的流体－岩石相互作用

作为大陆岩石圈中的应变局部化带，剪切带中一般都渗透着大量流体。流体的来源与剪切带所处的构造背景、流变域和水文条件有关，而剪切带中流体的流动则受岩石的渗透率、孔隙度、孔隙性质、流体的扩散和渗透能力、环境的温压条件、应力或载荷的梯度等因素所制约。剪切带中流体的成分、通量及赋存状态或流动方式，直接影响着岩石的流变。由应变局部化及力学失稳所引起的化学不平衡和由流体与岩石的相互作用，使剪切带岩石的矿物成分和化学成分发生调整，其变异程度取决于原岩的性质、剪切的温压条件和流体的成分及通量等。由于流体的渗透流动和流体与岩石的相互作用使剪切带的体积有所变化，体积变化过程是一种自组织行为。较大的体积亏损，意味着剪切带中渗透过大量的流体，这对剪切带的流变行为、化学行为和成矿作用都有深刻的影响。     

稀土元素在韧性剪切带体积亏损研究中的应用：以胶南造山带构造岩为例

稀土元素在韧性剪切带中发生有规律的成分变异,随着变形程度的增强,单个稀土元素,轻稀土,重稀土,稀土元素的总量均明显增加,而稀土配分模式不变。通过花岗质构造岩变形前后的等比分析,稀土元素的成分变异主要是由于较大的体积亏损而引起,并根据成分变异与体积亏损之间的函数关系,进一步确定了构造岩变形前后的体积亏损率。     

剪切带中流体与金矿成矿作用的关系综述

流体广泛存在于剪切带中，在剪切带中汇集，常以通道式运移；流体的渗透和流动引起剪切带的成分变异和体积亏损；剪切中的流体往往携带大量成矿物质而成为矿流体，金矿的形成与流体关系密切；     

韧性剪切带的地球化学变异研究：以胶南造山带北缘剪切带为例

胶南造山带北缘剪切带，随着变形程度的增强，其构造岩的岩石化学成分发生明显的变异；在总结成分变异特征的基础上，分析了在分变异与体积变化，渗流流体作用的关系，确定了体积变化是造成构造岩成分变异的主要原因；同时存在大量的渗流流体作用，造成一些组分的迁移。     

韧性剪切变形对岩石地球化学行为的制约——以北阿尔金巴什考供韧性剪切带为例

韧性剪切变形对岩石地球化学行为的制约一直是地质学家们探讨的课题。本文以构成北阿尔金红柳沟——拉配泉俯冲碰撞杂岩带与北阿尔金地块边界的巴什考供斜向逆冲型韧性剪切带为例，通过对韧性剪切带内花岗岩变形前后不同变形强度构造岩的地球化学组成进行对比，确定等比线斜率，探讨韧性变形对岩石体积和成分变异的影响。计算结果表明，在糜棱岩化过程中，糜棱岩化花岗岩体积亏损21％，花岗质糜棱岩体积亏损31％。质量平衡计算结果和等比线图表明，韧；陛剪切作用导致SiO2，流失量最大，A12O3、K2O及Ba、Rb、Sr等都有不同程度的丢失，显示出较强的活动性，MnO、P2O5、Sc位于等比线上或附近，表现出相对的稳定性。岩石中活动组分的变异是流体渗滤作用引起的，不活动组分的变异是体．积亏损造成的。     

Fluid-Rock Interaction of Shear Zones in Continental Crust:as Evidenced by Xincheng-Xishui and Hetai Shear Zones

There is a coupling of thermal, mechanical, chemical and fluidal processes in a continental shear zone. Both Xincheng-Xishui and Hetai shear zones are typical continental crust shear zones of greenschist facies environment. The representative mylonite zones of the shear zones are studied with whole rock major and trace element analyses. The chemical compositional variation tendencies in both shear zones are very similar and the gain-loss ratios of various components in the mylonitic rocks are reflected in the mass balance equations. The enrichment of those immobile high-field-strengh elements is considered to he related to the volume loss of the myionitic rocks in a shear zone. Based on the volume loss expression C_s/C_o=1/(1-V),the fractional volume losses (V)are 37.5％ and 36.5％-42.3％ respectively for mylonites and ultramylonites in the Xincheng-Xishui shear zone and 11％ and 28％ respectively for mylonites and phyllonites in the Hetai shear zone. The high volume loss and large removal of SiO_2 from     

永修-南昌剪切带物质成分变异及体积变化研究

永修—南昌剪切带中糜棱岩物质成分变异及体积变化分析结果表明,以Al2O3守恒为限制条件,该剪切带损失了9%的质量和体积,糜棱岩类Fe2O3明显带入,SiO2、K2O、MgO、P2O5、FeO、Na2O等组分明显带出。研究结果显示糜棱岩组分的得失和体积的变化主要发生在初糜棱岩化阶段。     

地球化学开放系统的质量平衡:1.理论

从质量守恒原理出发推导出开放系统两个新的质量平衡方程：Ｃ＾ｏｉ－Ｃ＾Ａｉ－△Ｃｉ,（Ｃ＾Ｏｉ－Ｃ＾Ａｉ）／Ｃ＾Ｏｉ＝μ（Ｃ＾Ａｉ／Ｃ＾Ｏｉ）－μｉ。该方程不公在图示和计算方面均优于Ｇｒａｎｔ方程,而且还同时将Ｂｒｉｍｈａｌｌ和Ｄｉｅｔｒｉｃｈ质量平衡方程作为一个特例而包容它。     

Rare earth and other trace element mobility during mylonitization: a comparison of the Brevard and Hope Valley shear zones in the Appalachian Mountains, USA

In progressing from a granitoid mylonite to an ultramylonite in the Brevard shear zone in North Carolina, Ca and LOI (H₂O) increase, Si, Mg, K, Na, Ba, Sr, Ta, Cs and Th decrease, while changes in Al, Ti, Fe, P, Sc, Rb, REE, Hf, Cr and U are relatively small. A volume loss of 44% is calculated for the Brevard ultramylonite relative to an Al–Ti–Fe isocon. The increase in Ca and LOI is related to a large increase in retrograde epidote and muscovite in the ultramylonite, the decreases in K, Na, Si, Ba and Sr reflect the destruction of feldspars, and the decrease in Mg is related to the destruction of biotite during mylonitization. In an amphibolite facies fault zone separating grey and pink granitic gneisses in the Hope Valley shear zone in New England, compositional similarity suggests the ultramylonite is composed chiefly of the pink gneisses. Utilizing an Al–Ti–Fe isocon for the pink gneisses, Sc, Cr, Hf, Ta, U, Th and M-HREE are relatively unchanged, Si, LOI, K, Mg, Rb, Cs and Ba are enriched, and Ca, Na, P, Sr and LREE are lost during deformation. In contrast to the Brevard mylonite, the Hope Valley mylonite appears to have increased in volume by about 70%, chiefly in response to an introduction of quartz. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of granitoids from both shear zones are LREE-enriched and have prominent negative Eu anomalies. Although REE increase in abundance in the Brevard ultramylonites (reflecting the volume loss), the shape of the REE pattern remains unchanged. In contrast, REE and especially LREE decrease in abundance with increasing deformation of the Hope Valley gneisses. Mass balance calculations indicate that ≥95% of the REE in the Brevard rocks reside in titanite. In contrast, in the Hope Valley rocks only 15–40% of the REE can be accounted for collectively by titanite, apatite and zircon. Possible sites for the remaining REE are allanite, fluorite or grain boundaries. Loss of LREE from the pink gneisses during deformation may have resulted from decreases in allanite and perhaps apatite or by leaching ofy REE from grain boundaries by fluids moving through the shear zone. Among the element ratios most resistant to change during mylonitization in the Brevard shear zone are La/Yb, Eu/Eu*, Sm/Nd, La/Sc, Th/Sc, Th/Yb, Cr/Th, Th/U and Hf/Ta, whereas the most stable ratios in the Hope Valley shear zone are K/Rb, Rb/Cs, Th/U, Eu/Eu*, Th/Sc, Th/Yb, Sm/Nd, Th/Ta, Hf/Ta and Hf/Yb. However, until more trace element data are available from other shear zones, these ratios should not be used alone to identify protoliths of deformed rocks.