1966年邢台地震序列破裂过程的有限元计算

本文根据各时期余震活动图型,震源机制解及地震前后地形变水平矢量分布等资料,提出了邢台地震破裂过程的断层模式,并用断裂有限元方法进行了大量计算得到与观测资料符合最佳的解。     

1966年邢台地震群的发震构造模型——新生断层形成?先存活断层摩擦粘滑?

通过对邢台地震极震区浅层探测、新生代深浅构造运动的分期、地壳上地幔结构特征剖析及其与震源参数的对比等研究,指出邢台地震区控制早第三纪盆岭构造发育的铲形断裂及其下部向东缓倾的滑脱面与邢台地震的发生无关;邢台地震群是在最新构造应力场作用下,受北西向断层或横向障碍体阻隔的不连续“深断裂”依次向上撕裂状破裂扩展、引起相邻斜列状深断裂间应力迁移和加载等三维破裂过程的产物;邢台地震断层是先存地壳“深断裂”向上撕裂状扩展的“新生断层”。     

邢台地震的发震构造

近年来分辨力较高的地震反射剖面资料证实了邢台地区的缓倾角正断层的构造特征。震源机制解、地面形变和地壳构造都表明邢台地震的发震构造不是地质图上所标明的北东向正断层。本文认为应以地震断层面解作为确定发震构造的主要根据,邢台地震是由于中层地壳内的垂直薄弱带在区域构造应力作用下产生水平错动的结果。这个垂直薄弱带的形成与华北地壳的新生代拉伸变形与火成岩的侵入有直接关系。     

回首邢台地震现场的日日夜夜

记述了1966年3月8日河北邢台地震前中国科学院地球物理研究所地震预报研究工作的进展情况,以及地震发生后地震科技人员在地震现场工作的实践活动,总结了现场工作中提出的一些行之有效的方法,指出了邢台地震现场工作的历史意义。     

邢台地震的气象要素异常特征

通过对邢台地震前后河北省数十年气象资料的研究与分析，发现邢台地震前气象要素存在明显的异常特征。大气压力、大气温 度显示出短临震兆信息，降水量呈现了中长期异常，浅层地温的震前异常升温特征则较为突出，文章汇总了邢台地震前各气象要素的异常变化，并进行了讨论。     

邢台地震b值的深度变化特征分析

对1966~1984年邢台地震目录进行了整理,应用基于MATLAB的Z-MAP软件分析了地震目录的完整性,将目录划分为地震活跃时段、地震活动过渡时段、地震活动相对稳定时段。主要分析了各时段地震深度b值、沿断层深度剖面扫描b值,根据深度b值变化对邢台地震演化特点进行了分析。     

邢台地震空间分布随时间变化的立体图象与地震发生过程

本文利用邢台地震台网资料研究了1966年3月邢台地震强震活动期间地震位置的空间分布随时间变化的过程。给出了一系列反映邢台地震序列强震孕育、破裂、应力场调整及地震构造的立体图象。进一步探讨了震区地壳介质中存在的障碍体与地震发生的关系。认为这种震区介质的非均匀构造所导致的邢台地震的破裂是一个沿北北东方向的断断续续的发展过程。较好地解释了几个六级以上强震的发生以及强震期后出现的中强余震两头跳现象。本文还对六级以上强震的破裂过程进行了讨论,并与已有结果作了对比,还考察了强震活动期间震源深度随时间变化与大震发生的关系。      

编者按

编者按今年恰值唐山地震２０周年、邢台地震３０周年。经国务院批准，国家地震局与各级政府联合于７月２８日前后，开展一次以“勿忘７·２８唐山大震灾，努力做好防震减灾工作”为主题的广泛宣传活动。北京是全国地震重点监视区。北京曾遭受过１９６６年邢台地震、１９６...     

1966年邢台6.8级地震的深总结背景

根据“八五”期间邢台地震区深部地震物理方法的综合探测研究成果，依据Ｐ波、Ｓ波联合解释和二维密度反演，并结合浅部构造和三维应力场数值模拟计算等资料，进行综合分析研究。以１９６６年邢台６．８级地震为例，揭示了邢台地震区的孕震发震过程，邢台地震区的学位可结构和介质结构；（１）中、下地壳内分布有北东向高角度深断裂、深断裂两则出现明显的波速比异常。（２）中地壳有低速高层和密度不均匀异常。（３）上地壳底部有滑     

地震和地震学地震灾害和地震预报--邢台地震40周年纪念的几点感想

1 邢台地震促进了中国地震预报的研究工作 1966年3月邢台地震和此后发生的一系列地震事件, 促进了我国地震学、地震地质学和地球内部物理学等相关学科的迅速发展, 也提出了诸多研究课题, 本文只能摘述一二.     

邢台地震综合特征分析与应用

通过对1966年3月河北省邢台地震现场观测工作总结,对得出的由“密集—平静—大震”演变出的“震情三分律”特征及由“两头跳”演变出的“对称填补”模式进行了综合分析,并广泛应用于地震预报研究且取得了一定成果。对地震的主要特征和工作经验进行系统的总结,对我国地震预报研究的发展具有指导和参考意义。     

天津及邻近地区中强地震震源区水文地球化学环境与特征的研究

天津及邻近地区自１９６６年３月６日至今一般说来卅余年的时间内先后发生了邢台、渤海、唐山三次７级以上大地震和十余次６级中强地震,为研究该区的水文地球化学环境提供了有利条件,作者依据该区域内３９２口井,５０００多个水样,２０余个项目的分析资料,探讨了中强地震震源区水文地球化学环境与特征,为探索利用水文地球化学方法判定潜在震源区开辟了新的途径。     

邢台地区设定地震事件烈度影响

通过邢台地区历史地震烈度资料分析,得到该地区烈度—频率灾害曲线及地震风险。以地震地质资料理论为基础,结合河北省城市活断层探测成果、地壳结构等资料,确定2个设定地震事件。采用复合震源模型,模拟合成强地面运动,并基于强地面运动模拟结果,分析邢台地区地震影响烈度,为今后该地区建筑物抗震设防、避难场所选址、震后救援以及地震保险风险评估提供参考依据。     

THE SOURCE PARAMETERS AND SEISMOTECTONIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE SEPTEMBER 4, 2017 ML4.4 LINCHENG EARTHQUAKE

At 3:05, September 4, 2017, an M_L4.4 earthquake occurred in Lincheng County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province, which was felt obviously by surrounding areas. Approximately 60km away from the hypocenter of Xingtai M_S7.2 earthquake in 1966, this event is the most noticeable earthquake in this area in recent years. On the one hand, people are still shocked by the 1966 Xingtai earthquake that caused huge disaster, on the other hand, Lincheng County is lack of strong earthquakes. Therefore, this quake has aroused widespread concerns by the government, society and seismologists. It is necessary to clarify whether the seismogenic structure of this event is consistent with the previous seismicity and whether it has any new implications for the seismic activity and seismic hazard in this region. Therefore, it is of great significance to study its seismogenic mechanism for understanding the earthquake activity in Xingtai region where a M_S7.2 earthquake had occurred in 1966. In this study, the Lincheng earthquake and its aftershocks are relocated using the multi-step locating method, and the focal mechanism and focal depth are determined by the "generalized Cut and Paste"(gCAP)method. The reliability of the results is analyzed based on the data of Hebei regional seismic network. In order to better constrain the focal depth, the depth phase sPL fitting method is applied to the relocation of focal depth. The inversion and constraint results show that aftershocks are mainly distributed along NE direction and dip to SE direction as revealed by depth profiles. Focal depths of aftershocks are concentrated in the depths of 6.5~8.2km with an average of about 7km. The best double-couple solution of the mainshock is 276°, 69° and -40° for strike, dip and slip angle for nodal plane I and 23°, 53° and -153° for nodal plane Ⅱ, respectively, revealing that it is a strike-slip event with a small amount of normal-fault component. The initial rupture depth of mainshock is about 7.5km obtained by the relocation while the centroid depth is 6km derived from gCAP method which was also verified by the seismic depth phase sPL observed by several stations, indicating the earthquake is ruptured from deep to shallow. Combined with the research results on regional geological structure and the seismic sequence relocation results, it is concluded that the nodal plane Ⅱ is the seismogenic fault plane of this earthquake. There are several active faults around the hypocenter of Lincheng earthquake sequence, however, none of the known faults on the current understanding is completely consistent with the seismogenic fault. To determine the seismogenic mechanism, the lucubrated research of the M_S7.2 Xingtai earthquake in 1966 could provide a powerful reference. The seismic tectonic characteristics of the 1966 Xingtai earthquake sequence could be summarized as follows:There are tensional fault in the shallow crust and steep dip hidden fault in the middle and lower crust, however, the two faults are not connected but separated by the shear slip surfaces which are widely distributed in the middle crust; the seismic source is located between the hidden fault in the lower crust and the extensional fault in the upper crust; the earthquake began to rupture in the deep dip fault in the mid-lower crust and then ruptured upward to the extensional fault in the shallow crust, and the two fault systems were broken successively. From the earthquake rupture revealed by the seismic sequence location, the Lincheng earthquake also has the semblable feature of rupturing from deep to shallow. However, due to the much smaller magnitude of this event than that of the 1966 earthquake, the accumulated stress was not high enough to tear the fracture of the detachment surface whose existence in Lincheng region was confirmed clearly by the results of Lincheng-Julu deep reflection seismology and reach to the shallower fault. Therefore, by the revelation of the seismogenic mechanism of the 1966 Xingtai earthquake, the seismogenic fault of Lincheng earthquake is presumed to be a concealed fault possessing a potential of both strike-slip and small normal faulting component and located below the detachment surface in Lincheng area. The tectonic significance indicated by this earthquake is that the event was a stress adjustment of the deep fault and did not lead to the rupture of the shallow fault. Therefore, this area still has potential seismic hazard to a certain extent.     

气象变化与邢台地震关系初探

本对刑台地震活动与气象的关系进行了分析研究，认为刑台除１９６６年３月大震前有明显的气象异常，大震后的中强余震亦有气象异常，此外，还发现低气压对强震，余震活动均有显影响，经分析，我们认为低气压天气过程对地震活动有不可忽略的触发作用。     

ANALYSIS ON STRUCTURAL FEATURES:INSIGHTS FROM SATELLITE-DERIVED GRAVITY MODEL AND SEISMIC PATTERN

In this paper, based on a large number of cumulative observational data from the seismic monitoring network in China, we grid the research area to calculate the density values at each grid node and convert the qualitative earthquake epicenter distribution to quantitative seismic pattern. Minimum magnitude of completeness(M_C)is determined by magnitude-rank analysis, which provides lower limit earthquake and original time. New satellite-derived gravity model v23.1, which is based on satellites CryoSat-2 and Jason-1 data, is used to determine the Bouguer gravity anomaly derived from free-air gravity anomaly and elevation database sets SRTM30, and ultimately, the complete Bouguer correction is obtained. In this paper, the Xingtai earthquake zone and Tanlu fault zone (Anhui segment) are selected for case study. Bouguer gravity anomaly presents a NE-trending U-shaped narrow strip in the Xingtai earthquake zone, and its location is consistent with Shulu Fault Basin. Grid density value contours are restricted by the U-shaped strip, and the extreme value of seismic activity density lies in the bottom of the U-shaped strip as shown in the cross section. The results of Bouguer gravity anomaly and upward continuations to the different heights show good linearity and gradient in the Tanlu fault zone (Anhui segment); and both long-axis direction of seismic pattern and nodal plane strike of seismogenic fault from focal mechanism solutions trend NNE. In short, the Tanlu fault zone(Anhui segment)is a large deep-seated fault that still has the ability to control seismic activity along it. Based on the measured gravity and magmatic data, using the edge detection TDX method to interpret the concealed boundary of the Anqing M4.8 earthquake near the Tanlu fault, and combining with the results from deep seismic reflection profiles of the study area, we discussed the causative fault of the Anqing earthquake.     

邢台地震与我国地震预报的发展

详细叙述了自1966年邢台地震以来,我国地震预报研究与实践的主要进展:建设成了多学科的地震观测系统,为地震预报打下了良好基础;进行了大量震例研究,初步建立了地震预报的判据和指标体系;进行了地震预报理论的实验和研究,提出了多种地震孕育发生模型及前兆机理;通过20多年的5次地震预报攻关研究,形成了数十种地震预报方法;边研究,边预报,几十年来成功地预报了20多次破坏性地震,并取得了减灾实效,使我国地震预报的科学水平居于世界前列。本文还对地震预报尚需解决的科学难题进行探讨。     

1966年邢台7.2级地震的动力学模型

根据较新的深地震反射资料，构造应力场和震机制等资料，建立了１９６６年邢台７．２级地震孕震区的平面和剖面的有限元模型，对平面和剖面模型在ＥＷ向水平外压力下的最大剪应力分布进行了计算，剪应力相对集中的部位和大震震源位置比较一致，提出了邢台７．２级地震的动力学模型，认为地震的孕育和发生可能需要深，浅部断层，壳内低速层和ＥＷ向水平压力的共同作用，虽然由震源机制和地震宏观烈度分布等资料可指出有具体的发震断层     

2006年文安及1967、1973年河间地震与邢台地震群子序列的对比

2006年7月4日河北文安5.1级地震属于孤立型地震,无法根据地震序列提取更多信息,故将该地震与1967年3月27日河间6.3级地震、1973年12月31日河间5.3级地震合并作为一个整体,与邢台地区部分地震作对比分析。由此总结出文安及附近地区地震的活动特点:①呈NNE和NWW共轭分布;②各次地震的时间间隔大幅增长;③余震频度逐渐降低,衰减逐渐加快;④类型向孤立型地震过渡;⑤宏观烈度均比估算烈度低1度左右;⑥震源机制趋于一致。