福清平原地下水可采资源量及应急开采量评价

根据福清平原地下水系统的水文地质机制,在概化该区地下水系统水文地质概念模型的基础上,首次建立福清平原地下水可采资源量评价三维数值模型。根据福清平原地下水含水层水位控制要求,预测该区地下水可采资源量,在相对富水区域圈定地下水应急水源地,并评价水源地的应急开采量。结果表明,福清平原地下水可采资源量为1 189.35×10~4 m~3/a,并圈定出洋梓村谢厝山山前水源地和龙山街道塘头村北侧水源地2处地下水应急水源地,2处应急水源地应急可开采资源量为246.375×10~4 m~3/a,为福清平原地下水应急水源地建设提供参考。     

北京市平原区地下水资源开采现状及评价

本文分析了北京市平原区地下水资源的开采现状,探讨了水资源开发利用过程中存在的问题。在分析平原区水文地质条件的基础上,采用FEFLOW软件建立了相应的地下水数值模拟模型,基于识别后的模型进行了水资源评价。研究表明:2000～2003年研究区地下水系统均衡分别为-7 73×108、-6 02×108、-5 95×108和-4 38×108m3,地下水系统的补给源主要是大气降水入渗补给和山前迳流补给,主要的排泄是人工开采。多年平均地下水补给资源量为22 98×108m3。平谷和昌平地区地下水还有开采潜力,密云-怀柔-顺义(密怀顺)平原和城近郊区地下水已过量开采。山前郊县地下水水质优良,城近郊区、大兴、房山和通州部分地区地下水水质较差。文章最后分析了引起地下水污染的主要原因。     

山东省地下水资源及其潜力评价

通过对山东省水文地质条件、地下水赋存特征、地下水开采现状及其动态特征进行系统研究的基础上,计算评价了全省地下水天然补给资源量、可开采资源量、开采程度和剩余可开采资源量。论述了地下水开采资源潜力的计算评价原则和判别标志,确定了全省主要的地下水资源潜力分布区。     

酒泉东盆地地下水资源及潜力评价

在对酒泉东盆地水文地质条件、地下水赋存特征、地下水开采现状进行系统研究的基础上,计算评价盆地内地下水天然补给资源量、天然排泄资源量、储存资源量;以行政区和灌区为单元,计算地下水允许开采量,并进行各灌区地下水开采潜力评价和开发利用规划,划分可增加开采、控制开采、调减开采和尚难利用规划区。     

华北平原地下水演变机制与调控

自20世纪70年代以来,华北平原长期的地下水过量开采形成了复杂的地下水降落漏斗,并引发了一系列环境地质问题。为建立区域社会经济发展与地下水资源与环境之间的协调机制,国家973项目"华北平原地下水演变机制与调控"在大量前人研究基础上,进一步分析了近50年来地下水动力场演变特征及其对人类活动的响应,揭示了包气带结构变化影响下包气带水力参数的变化,研究了深层地下水开采引起的地面沉降、咸水移动和资源量转换机理;利用改进的地下水数值模拟技术,建立了2001—2010年华北平原地下水流数值模型,计算了最新的地下水资源量。分析了地下水资源承载力的主要影响因素,进行了华北平原地下水资源承载力定量评价,给出了华北平原地下水的优化调控途径,目前正在以高精度地下水流数值模型为核心,模拟各区的地下水优化调控方案。     

豆罗水源地变值地下水资源模型研究

地下水资源量的大小及共变化规律是水资源研究中的关键问题。地下水资源量的大小可用其多年平均值表示,以往普遍把地下水资源量的多年平均值视为常量。但根据近几年来的研究表明,地下水资源与开采量之间关系密切。目前,随着工农业生产的迅速发展,各地区地下水的开采水平相应发生了很大变化。有些地区由于过量开采已造成严重后果。因此不同开采条件下的地下水资源变化规律的研究,是合理开发利用地下水资源的重要前提。本文以豆罗水源地作为个例,对变值地下水资源模型作一介绍。     

环境同位素在北京平谷盆地山前侧向补给研究中的应用

利用地下水水化学和同位素测试分析成果,结合区域地质、水文地质条件研究了平谷北山山区侧向补给情况和中桥水源地地区第四系松散孔隙水和下伏岩溶水关系。结果表明：研究区第四系松散孔隙水和基岩岩溶地下水均来源于大气降水,地下水化学类型均为HCO-3-Ca2+?Mg2+ 型;平谷北山山前基岩岩溶水侧向补给平原区第四系松散孔隙水和下伏岩溶地下水;通过D值估算得到中桥水源地第四系浅层地下水的山区岩溶水侧向补给和垂向降水入渗补给比例为57：43;中桥水源地基岩岩溶水接受山区岩溶水侧向补给和第四系孔隙水垂向越流补给比例为87：13。研究成果为平谷地区地下水资源量评价和地下水动力场数值模型的建设提供了关键参数,为区域地下水的合理开采和有序回补涵养提供了科学依据。     

乌鲁木齐县东诸小沟流域山前平原带水文地质条件分析

乌鲁木齐县东诸小沟山前带为典型的内陆干旱山前带。以乌鲁木齐县以东诸小沟流域山前平原带作为研究对象,在对研究区自然地理和地质条件分析的基础上,对研究区水文地质条件进行了分析和研究。结果表明:研究区在山前倾斜砾质平原区为单一结构的第四系松散岩类孔隙潜水分布区;研究区山前带潜水主要接受南部诸小沟河流入渗补给、渠系渗漏补给、田间灌溉入渗补给以及山前的暴雨洪流入渗补给;径流总体方向由南向北,排泄以侧向径流、机井开采等方式排泄。研究成果可为研究区地下水资源的开发利用与保护提供科学依据。     

地下水限量开采试验研究与水环境预测──以永济市城区地下水开发为例

本文阐述了限量开采的定义及确定可开采量的理论基础,并结合永济市城区漏斗区地下水实施限量开采前后及对盈余区加大开采后的效果观测资料分析,论述实施限量开采最主要的是首先选用均衡法求得地下水天然补给资源量,运用数值法求得可采资源量及其在含水层中的空间分布。其次运用地下水系统理论对研究区地下水资源进行调控,使地下水得到合理科学的开发利用。同时指出限量开采的实施将使由于过量开采地下水引起的不良水环境问题得以改善。     

江苏姜堰孔隙承压地下水资源评价三维数值模拟

通过建立符合该地区承压地下水赋存条件和渗流特征的地下水三维数值模型,并在模型识别、验证的基础上,根据各承压含水层的水位控制要求,调整现有地下水的开采布局,以乡镇为单位,确定出各含水层的地下水可开采资源量及最优开采布局,并预测2011—2020年底逐年地下水水位动态变化情况。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861