混凝土柱-钢梁边节点的拟静力试验研究

通过拟静力试验,分别对节点核心区无箍筋、柱内核心区有钢筋网片和柱内有小型钢柱三种不同构造的混凝土柱-钢梁边节点的破坏特征、破坏机理以及抗震性能等进行了研究。研究结果表明:设置小型钢柱并在节点核心区内配置箍筋的节点具有较高的承载力和良好的耗能性能;节点配箍率对其极限荷载影响不大,但能影响试件在达到极限荷载后的延性。     

外伸式端板连接型钢-混凝土组合节点恢复力模型研究

通过对7个外伸式端板连接蜂窝钢梁-复合焊接环式箍筋混凝土柱节点组合试件进行低周反复荷载作用下的拟静力试验,分析了不同的螺栓数量、直径以及不同排列方式下节点的抗震性能,建立了该种组合节点的恢复力模型。试验结果表明:螺栓数目多、直径大的试件,抗震性能好;8个螺栓排成四行两列的节点为最合理的节点形式;建议的恢复力模型骨架曲线与试验骨架曲线符合较好,可供外伸式端板连接型钢梁-混凝土柱组合节点组成框架结构的弹塑性地震反应分析参考。     

改善钢筋混凝土短柱抗震性能的研究

简要介绍了改善钢筋混凝土短柱抗震性能的若干措施。为进一步提高短柱的抗震性能，本文提出了内藏“斜向劲性核心束”矩形截面混凝土短柱，并进行了7根短柱的抗震性能试验研究，试验表明，内藏“斜向劲性核心束”矩形截面混凝土短柱比普通矩形截面短柱的抗震性能显著提高。     

SRC异形柱-钢梁空间中节点与CFST异形柱-钢梁空间中节点的抗震性能对比

为了研究不同约束机理的配钢形式对钢与混凝土组合异形柱-钢梁空间中节点抗震性能的影响,设计了4个型钢混凝土异形柱-钢梁空间中节点,并对其进行了低周反复加载试验,在联合钢管混凝土异形柱-钢梁空间中节点抗震性能成果的基础上,对比分析了相关节点在破坏形态、滞回曲线、耗能能力及变形性能方面的差异。研究结果表明:配型钢的空间中节点主要发生剪切斜压破坏,同时具有黏结裂缝的破坏形态,而配钢管的空间中节点则发生了核心区的剪切破坏;钢管节点试件的标准化滞回曲线包围了型钢节点试件,且其抗剪承载能力更好、初始刚度和耗能能力更大,但延性性能没有足够的优势。     

部分预应力混凝土扁梁框架节点的拟静力试验研究

本文进行了四个部分预应力混凝土扁梁框架节点的拟静力试验研究。通过四个不同试件的试验研究分析了节点的变形能力、耗能能力、延性和刚度退化等抗震性能，同时分析了低周反复荷载作用下预应力混凝土框架节点的破坏机理。     

火电厂主厂房结构异型节点抗震性能试验研究

为掌握火电厂新型主厂房框排架结构中异型节点的抗震性能,对由两侧梁高不等、柱截面突变及错层引起的异型节点进行了6个1/5比例试件拟静力试验研究及含有该类节点的空间结构试验研究。研究了节点的受力破坏模式、滞回耗能性能、强度和刚度退化规律及承载力计算方法。结果表明:该类节点初裂与极限荷载较常规节点显著降低,易发生小核心剪切破坏和柱端压弯剪复合破坏;异型节点中剪力墙的设置可以有效改善节点的抗震性能,提高其延性和耗能能力;通过分析节点受力机理并根据不同的破坏形态,提出针对SRC异型节点的承载力计算方法,为该类节点的实际设计提供参考。     

新型方钢管混凝土柱-钢梁节点抗震性能试验研究

通过柱端加载的低周反复荷载试验对8个内隔板三边焊接,而在未焊一边柱壁板上布置圆柱头栓钉的方钢管混凝土柱-H形钢梁节点进行了试验研究,研究了不同轴压比情况下节点的破坏模式、延性、耗能性能等。试验结果表明,破坏之前节点具有良好的滞回性能、延性及耗能能力,满足现行抗震规范的要求。该节点可以用于方钢管混凝土柱两侧弯矩相差较大时,弯矩较小一侧节点。提出了相关的设计建议。     

锚定式方钢管混凝土柱与钢梁节点抗震性能试验研究

通过低周反复加载试验对6个锚定式方钢管混凝土柱-H形钢梁节点进行了试验研究,研究了不同轴压比情况下节点的破坏模式、延性、耗能性能、强度及刚度退化等。试验结果表明,破坏之前节点具有良好的滞回性能、延性及耗能能力,满足现行抗震规范的要求。锚定式方钢管混凝土梁柱节点可以用于拉力较小的节点。文中提出了有关的设计建议。     

新型方钢管混凝土框架节点抗震性能试验研究

本文介绍了新型方钢管混凝土柱与钢梁节点在低周反复荷载作用下的试验结果,研究了内填混凝土、加劲肋长度和梁柱相对尺寸等对节点抗震性能的影响,并提出了有关的设计建议。     

钢骨增强异形柱框架节点受力性能及有限元分析

为了解决异形柱结构节点薄弱的问题,提出了在异形柱框架节点核心区加入钢骨的改善措施,对钢骨增强异形柱节点和同等条件下未被增强的异形柱节点进行了拟静力试验研究,研究了试件的承载能力、变形能力等指标,分析了钢骨对混凝土异形柱受力性能的影响。采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对试件进行了非线性数值模拟。研究结果表明:ANSYS有限元模型可以基本反映节点的受力过程。钢骨增强了异形柱节点的承载能力和变形能力。钢骨通过发挥其强度作用直接参与节点核心区受力,在异形柱节点核心区加入钢骨能够提高核心区混凝土的抗压能力。钢骨增强的异形柱节点的受力性能得到了改善。     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.