寒区有隔热层的圆形隧道温度场解析解

在多年冻土地区修建隧道,会影响到多年冻土的热稳定性,目前一般采用在隧道衬砌中设置隔热层的方法来防止冻土嗣岩融化.根据隧道现场实测的气温资料,考虑正弦曲线规律变化的对流换热边界条件,建立了一次衬砌、隔热层、二次衬砌及围岩4层结构的圆形隧道热传导方程.运用微分方程求解方法和贝塞尔特征函数的正交和展开定理,对4个热传导方程进行了求解,得到隧道一次衬砌、隔热层、二次衬砌及同岩4层结构温度场的解析解,将计算结果与现场实测结果进行比较,吻合良好.计算结果还表明,在衬砌中铺设厚5 cm、导热系数为0.03 W·m-1·℃-1的隔热层可以保证风火山隧道围岩不发生季节性融化.该解析解可用于验证其它数值方法的计算结果,也便于工程设计人员和施工人员对同类寒区隧道进行温度场的计算,因而具有一定的工程应用价值.     

从花岗岩爆坑方位和级别反演区域水平主应力方向和大小——以北天山某TBM施工隧道为例

采用脆性剪切破裂理论和圆形隧道断面爆坑方位,探索区域地应力反演方法。通过北天山某隧道中花岗岩岩爆坑位置及烈度级别,反演最大切向应力和隧道断面最大主应力方向和大小。结合部分实测地应力三分量结果,求得圆形洞室弹性解的最大主应力。与实测结果对比发现,反演得到的水平方向最大主应力数值稍大,说明地应力测试点避开断层结构或受花岗岩隐形结构面影响,存在实际测试数据结果偏小的异常现象。该研究结果可为类似工程勘察设计和地应力测试提供参考。     

邻近开挖对既有软土隧道的影响

采用两阶段分析方法,提出了邻近开挖对既有软土隧道纵向受力变形影响的简化计算方法。针对软土隧道开挖情况,第1阶段采用Loganathan和Poulos提出的解析解计算开挖引起的土体自由位移场;针对基坑开挖情况,第1阶段根据Mindlin理论解计算邻近荷载作用引起隧道的附加应力;第2阶段基于Winkler地基模型将既有隧道视为弹性地基无限长梁,将土体自由位移或附加应力施加于隧道,并建立求解该问题的纵向变形方程,从而得到隧道纵向位移和内力的计算表达式。结合离心模型试验结果和工程实例进行分析,验证了方法的有效性。研究成果可为合理制定邻近施工对软土隧道的保护措施提供依据。     

岩土工程中的双互易杂交边界点法

杂交边界点法是一种边界类型的无网格法,它以修正变分原理和移动最小二乘近似为基础,同时具有边界元法和无网格法的优良特性。将该方法同双重互易法结合,将问题的解分为通解和特解两部分,通解使用杂交边界点方法求解,特解则利用局部径向基函数近似。该方法输入数据只是求解域上离散的点,不需要额外的方程来计算域内物理量,后处理十分简便。数值算例表明,该方法是一种计算精度很高的数值方法,适合于岩土工程的若干问题。     

层状地基中单桩负摩擦问题积分方程解法

利用Biot固结理论和积分方程方法研究了表面有堆载的层状地基中单桩负摩擦问题。根据层状饱和土的圆形载荷基本解得出了单桩在圆形均布载荷作用下在时间域内的第二类Fredholm积分方程组。运用Laplace变换对上述积分方程组进行简化。再结合传递和刚度矩阵传递到各个层中去,对变换域内的积分方程采用Schapery 逆变换方法得到时域内单桩的近似积分方程。求解积分方程组并进行相应的数值逆变换,就可得出层状地基中的单桩在表面圆形均布载荷作用下的位移、轴力、孔压和桩侧摩阻力随时间的变化情况。计算结果表明,桩侧剪力和孔压分层明显。     

三维直流电场标量拟解析近似法数值模拟精度分析与评价

拟解析近似方法是一种可以处理强散射或大扰动问题的求解积分方程的近似方法,该方法可以避免用传统数值方法解决问题时,所遇到的大型矩阵或大型代数方程组问题。根据孙建国在文章[14]中的求解异常电场积分方程的标量拟解析近似理论公式,对标量拟解析近似进行研究。对均匀场中的异常球体标量拟解析近似解进行计算,并与理论解进行了对比,验证了其精度,证明拟解析近似方法求解直流电场积分方程是可行的。通过对标量拟解析近似方法在直流电场数值模拟的研究,为三维直流电场快速正反演模拟打下了基础。     

深埋圆形隧道弹塑性位移统一解及其比较分析

基于统一强度理论和非关联线性流动法则,考虑塑性区的真实弹性应变,推导了深埋圆形隧道弹塑性位移统一解。位移统一解合理地考虑了中间主应力效应和围岩剪胀特性的影响,具有广泛的理论意义。经与文献简化位移解析解比较分析知,围岩塑性区的弹性应变对隧道位移影响显著,简化解析解所得结果偏小,简化解析解和文中统一解之间的差异与中间主应力效应和围岩剪胀特性密切相关;考虑中间主应力的影响,能更加充分发挥围岩的强度潜能;隧道支护设计应考虑围岩剪胀特性的重要影响     

深隧道围岩分区破裂的数学模拟

该研究为先前深隧道围岩分区破裂现象内变量梯度塑性模型的进一步发展。利用应变梯度模型研究了深隧道围岩的分区破裂现象。作为额外的状态变量,在此引入应变梯度这一新变量。利用虚功原理得到了深隧道围岩的平衡方程、边界条件和流动准则,利用Clausius-Duhem不等式获得了岩体的本构方程。对于圆形深隧道,由上述模型的一般方程得到了弹性变形情况下、具有下降段的弹塑性变形情况下和不考虑弹性变形的塑性变形情况下圆形深隧道围岩的支配方程,得到了解析解,并讨论了解析解的性质。这一模型不仅扩展了隧道围岩的经典弹塑性模型,也为下一步数值研究深隧道围岩的分区破裂现象奠定了理论基础。     

饱和软土大应变自重固结非线性分析

饱和软土的自重固结涉及许多复杂的非线性问题,而现有分析方法一般基于线性假设,将固结控制方程简化,在沉降变形较大的情况下并不合理。基于Gibson大变形固结方程,推导在单面排水和双面排水条件下的边界条件,综合考虑饱和软土的自重特性与非线性压缩、渗透关系,采用稳定性较好的Crank-Nicolson型差分格式离散并求解非线性控制方程,并从孔隙比、沉降、孔隙水流速3个方面将数值解与CS2固结数值模型进行对比验证。结合工程实例,研究土层不同初始厚度和初始孔隙比对自重固结的影响。结果表明：初始厚度与初始孔隙比较大土层最终沉降也较大。与传统方法相比,该方法所得出的数值解精度较高,实现了高度非线性固结方程的快速求解,其成果更能广泛运用于实际工程的分析之中。     

圆柱孔收缩的线弹性-完全塑性解及其应用

针对隧道开挖引起的地层损失现象,将开挖过程简化为圆柱孔收缩问题,借鉴文献[1]关于圆柱孔收缩的计算方法引入临界状态土力学理论,给出了圆柱孔收缩问题的线弹性-完全塑性解析解,并结合隧道开挖的工程特点给出了地层损失比以及地表土体最大沉降与隧道支护压力之间的关系式。将该方法的计算结果与Grant的离心机试验实测结果进行了对比,并通过国内外的工程实例对该方法的计算结果进行了验证,证明计算结果准确合理,可为隧道开挖引起的土体变形分析提供借鉴。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861