河西走廊东部一次霜冻天气过程成因及其对农业的影响

2016年5月15日清晨河西走廊东部发生区域性强霜冻天气,对农林业生产造成了2004年以来最为严重的灾害。本文利用实时MICAPS常规观测资料、物理量场和河西走廊东部区域内6个国家自动气象观测站和93个区域气象站观测资料,对这次冻害天气过程的天气学成因进行分析,在此基础上分析了霜冻对农业的影响。结果表明强冷空气爆发是造成冻害的直接原因;0 cm地面温度和气温≤0 ℃持续时间长,导致农林作物深度冻伤;前期气温偏高使得农林作物发育期提前,加之霜冻出现时间偏迟,农林作物抵抗冻害的能力明显下降,冻害影响加重;冻害发生后,温度急剧上升、湿度迅速减小,作物水分强烈蒸腾,作物细胞失去受损,导致受灾程度加重。     

黑龙江秋季两次区域性初霜冻天气过程特征和预报分析

应用气象常规资料和地面自动观测资料,分析了2009年9月18日和9月26日清晨黑龙江中北部发生的两次初霜冻天气过程特征,并进行天气学成因分析,在此基础上得到了霜冻预报的着眼点,结果表明强冷空气是造成冻害的直接原因,另外地面前一日14时气温、露点温度要素和高压的位置对霜冻出现区域有很重要的影响.     

章邱县早霜冻短期预报方法

早霜冻是我县重要灾害性天气之一,常对秋作物、蔬菜等造成冻害而减产。为预防霜冻危害,制作了早霜冻短期预报方法。 本方法使用1976年至1986年的10月份本站地面气象资料,选用了形成平流辐射霜的影响因子,该方法经试报使用效果良好,现介绍如下。     

地膜西瓜气象灾害及防御

近年来 ,地膜西瓜在封丘县种植面积不断扩大。地膜西瓜 3月底至 4月初播种 ,4月中、下旬瓜苗长出两片真叶时需破膜放风 ,不然遇高温天气会造成烧苗。若出现大风降温天气 ,破膜后的西瓜又可能遭受霜冻危害。通过对地膜内、外温度观测统计分析 ,找出了西瓜受害的农业气象指标 :在放风之前 ,日最高气温达到 30℃时 ,膜内温度可达 5 0℃以上 ,可发生烧苗 ;在放风之后 ,当日最低气温低于 3℃时 ,膜内温度可达 0℃以下 ,可发生冻害。根据烧苗和冻害气温指标 ,普查我县 1971～ 2 0 0 0年气象资料 ,30年中 4月中、下旬达到烧苗气温指标的有 7年 ,约…     

广西香蕉越冬气候条件与香蕉气候区划

香蕉是热带果树,喜温畏寒。据观测研究,影响广西香蕉越冬的气象灾害是霜冻和平流寒害。出现日最低气温≤4.0°的霜冻天气,香蕉叶片开始受冻害,气温越低,受害越重。日最低气温≤0℃,冻害严重。当出现日均温≤8.0℃、过程最低气温≤5.5℃的     

云南严重低温霜冻灾害天气个例分析

1999年12月下旬特大霜冻灾害是云南1951年以来损失最大的一次自然灾害,受灾面积85万hm^2,直接经济损失55亿元。利用高空和地面气象资料,分析了严重低温霜冻灾害的天气成因,并与历史上的1973／1974、1975／1976年冬季云南两次严重霜冻灾害进行了比较。结果表明：特大霜冻灾害是在云南连续暖冬背景下发生的,对云南经济作物和热带作物的危害最大。高空冷平流与地面冷高压控制下长时间夜间晴空辐射冷却降温是此次重霜冻形成的主要原因,500hPa、700hPa偏北气流和干冷南支槽是主要影响天气系统。碧空无云、静风、湿度小、气温低、气压高、露点温度特低是此次重霜冻的主要气象要素变化特征。冻害以滇南热带作物种植区最为严重。关键词霜冻低温冷平流晴空辐射暖冬     

2011年黑龙江省区域性初霜冻天气过程分析

本文利用常规气象资料和地面自动观测资料,应用天气分析和统计比较的方法,分析了2011年9月16-18日黑龙江省中西部发生的一次初霜冻天气过程,并进行了天气学成因探讨,在原有的霜冻预报经验指标基础上得到霜冻预报新的着眼点。结果表明强冷空气是造成霜冻灾害性天气的直接原因,当地面处在高低压过渡带中,k850hpa RH500hpa梯度大值区和地面气压的变化对霜冻出现区域有很重要的影响。     

2018和2020年铜川核桃晚霜冻害分析

采用铜川市宜君、铜川、耀州区3个国家气象观测站和76个区域自动气象站气温观测资料,以及相应的高空探测资料,对2018、2020年铜川市核桃晚霜冻害进行分析。结果显示：造成晚霜冻害的冷空气均是自北向南影响全市,宜君极端最低气温出现时间比铜川和耀州提前1 d,全市极端最低气温均出现在宜君县棋盘镇弥家河。2018、2020年晚霜冻害均属于轻度,2018年晚霜冻害范围和强度均大于2020年;全市晚霜冻害高发区主要分布在宜君县、耀州区西北部山区,宜君县发生晚霜冻害强度、范围较大;受混合型霜冻影响,地势相对较低的低洼地带的最低气温较周边偏低4～6 ℃。     

陕西农业气象灾害防御技术的思考

1农业气象灾害的内涵 农业气象灾害是不利气象条件给农业造成的灾害。由温度因子引起的有热害、冻害、霜冻、热带作物寒害和低温冷害;由水分因子引起的有旱灾、洪涝灾害、雪害和雹害;由风引起的有风害;由气象因子综合作用引起的有干热风、冷雨和冻涝害等。与气象灾害的概念不同,农业气象灾害是结合农业生产遭受灾害而言的。例如寒潮、倒春寒等,在气象上是一种天气气候现象或过程,不一定造成灾害。但当它们危及小麦、水稻等农作物时,即造成冻害、霜冻、春季低温冷害等农业气象灾害。农业气象灾害具有非线性特征。     

冬季强低温天气对日光温室作物的影响

通过分析2001、2002年延安市日光温室内的温度资料，得出当外界气温达-20℃时，棚内温度可降至0℃以下，棚内作物受冻害，据此确定了强低温天气和气象服务标准；结合延安市宝塔区1951～2002年气象资料，分析了强低温天气分布特点及其对日光温室农业生产的影响，同时给出对策措施、建议和气象服务重点。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.