自动站通信系统综合防雷

自动站网络通信系统雷电防护包括广域网雷电防护、局域网雷电防护、光缆通信雷电防护等,这3种防护主要是防护雷电波入侵产生的感应雷以及由于自动站室内计算机局域网机房没有做好等电位连接造成的雷电损坏。1广域网雷电防护广域网的雷电防护主要是通信线、信号线不允许架空进入     

气象信息系统雷电综合防护技术的探讨

分析了雷电对广西气象台站的气象信息系统造成危害的主要原因，并提出了采用接闪、分流、屏蔽、合理布线、等电位连接、共用接地系统、过电压和过电流电涌防护等进行综合防护的主要措施。     

计算机机房的防雷与接地系统

针对雷电入侵机房的途径和危害,采取相应的防雷设计;机房的防雷设计包括外部防护和内部防护,外部防护主要指机房所在的建筑物的防雷保护,内部防护包括屏蔽、等电位连接和共用接地系统、过电压防护和综合布线等措施。     

高速公路收费站防雷技术探讨

文章通过对2003—2015年气象部门收集的有关河北省高速公路收费站雷击事故调查资料的统计,归纳了高速公路收费站发生雷电灾害的特点,分析了导致雷电灾害的主要原因,确定了防护的重点区域和部位;针对高速公路收费站雷电防护中普遍存在的问题,重点从直击雷防护、等电位连接、屏蔽、防闪电电涌侵入等方面进行了探讨,并给出了具体实际作法。     

广州突发预警信息发布中心网络安全的加固

针对广州市突发预警信息发布中心原网络安全架构,分析了存在的安全问题,结合当前网络安全保护要求,设计了一个多方位的网络安全加固方案,主要通过新增安全网关、入侵检测、漏洞扫描、安全审计、上网行为管理等不同功能安全设备和优化调整网络结构、划分虚拟子网、限制访问范围等方式,建立起多层次的安全防护体系。该防护体系有效提高了网络安全防护能力,大大提升了维护保障效率。     

计算机网络的雷电防护

论述了雷击灾害的新特点、雷击危害的主要形式、雷电防护的原则。认为防护实施前应先进行雷击风险评估，以做到经济性和科学性兼顾。防护措施分外部防雷和内部防雷两部分，包括直击雷防护、屏蔽、等电位连接、共用接地等。电涌防护是等电住连接的重要组成部分，应在信号部分和电源部分都安装电涌保护器(SPD)，SPD的选择除了根据其自身的性能外，还应根据计算机网络系统的性能，既起到保护作用，又不影响设备的正常运行。同时还应考虑各级SPD的配合。     

阿拉善左旗通勤机场航务管理系统综合防雷技术

文章主要介绍阿拉善左旗通勤机场航务系统的组成、雷电灾害影响和防护措施,重点对通勤机场航务管理系统中航管楼、全向信标台、航向台、下滑台等主要组成部分的直击雷防护、等电位连接与接地、综合布线、电源系统、信号传输系统和天馈系统的防雷技术进行详细阐述,为同类机场防雷设计与实践提供参考。     

UPS防雷问题探讨

分析了内部安装防雷元件和没有安装防雷元件的UPS遭受雷击的原因.雷电感应过电压是造成UPS遭受雷击的主要原因.UPS的雷电防护措施,重点在于电源线路的防护,应采取合理设置SPD、屏蔽、接地和等电位连接等措施,保障UPS在雷雨季节能真正起到不间断供电的作用.     

煤矿自动化控制系统的雷电安全防护策略

从对直击雷的防护以及煤矿电源系统、监控系统雷电安全防护等方面,介绍了煤矿综合自动化监控系统雷电防护措施,并介绍了煤矿综合自动化监控系统的等电位连接和静电防护措施,以及系统的接地要求。     

航油供应站监控和控制系统防雷措施简谈

以某航油供应站为例,综合分析雷击对航油供应站监控系统造成的损害和后果,以及雷击损害的主要原因和侵入途径,依据技术规范,采用“分单元防护方法”,对供应站的储油监控系统、现场安防监控系统、输油控制系统等进行了全面综合防护,防止了因漏防、错防带来的雷击隐患。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.