基于GIS的江苏宜兴市地质灾害易发区评价

宜兴市地质环境条件复杂,人类工程活动强烈,地质灾害发育、危害严重。本文通过对宜兴市地质灾害发育现状、形成条件及影响因素分析,选取了评价因子,在网格剖分的基础上,采用加权指数模型,分别计算出每个单元的滑坡和崩塌、岩溶地面塌陷、采空地面塌陷的易发程度指数,然后利用MapGIS的空间分析功能进行叠加,得到宜兴市的地质灾害易发程度综合指数分区图,划分出地质灾害高、中、低和不易发区,为科学地开展地质灾害防治提供了依据。     

基于GIS的地质灾害易发性分区评价——以甘肃省会宁县为例

会宁县地处甘肃省中部,地质灾害极为发育,共发育有崩塌16处、滑坡12处、泥石流7条,地质灾害已对研究区造成了重大经济损失。为了对会宁县地质灾害易发性进行分区评价及指导防灾减灾,在区域地质灾害调查的基础上,建立了地质灾害数据库,采用层次分析法和GIS空间分析统计方法,选取14个基础指标,建立了会宁县地质灾害易发性分析评价模型,对评价单元叠加分析计算及验证分析,将会宁县地质灾害的易发程度划分为3个区,即高易发区、中易发区和低易发区。通过专家评审法检验地质灾害易发性评价结果,认为评价结果与实际地质灾害情况相符性较好,可以为制定会宁县地质灾害综合防治措施提供依据。     

基于GIS的地质灾害易发性分区评价——以甘肃省会宁县为例

会宁县地处甘肃省中部,地质灾害极为发育,共发育有崩塌16处、滑坡12处、泥石流7条,地质灾害已对研究区造成了重大经济损失。为了对会宁县地质灾害易发性进行分区评价及指导防灾减灾,在区域地质灾害调查的基础上,建立了地质灾害数据库,采用层次分析法和GIS空间分析统计方法,选取14个基础指标,建立了会宁县地质灾害易发性分析评价模型,对评价单元叠加分析计算及验证分析,将会宁县地质灾害的易发程度划分为3个区,即高易发区、中易发区和低易发区。通过专家评审法检验地质灾害易发性评价结果,认为评价结果与实际地质灾害情况相符性较好,可以为制定会宁县地质灾害综合防治措施提供依据。     

基于斜坡单元的山区城镇滑坡灾害易发性评价：以康定为例

山区地质灾害易发性评价对城镇地质灾害风险管理具有重要意义。本文以康定市为例,以斜坡单元为最小评价单元,选取高程、坡度、坡向、曲率、工程地质岩组、距道路距离、距断裂距离、距水系距离和斜坡结构等9个滑坡影响因子,根据各因子滑坡面积比曲线与证据权值曲线的突变点,划分滑坡影响因子二级状态,并对各影响因子进行相关性分析,剔除相关性较高的距道路距离因子,在此基础上,采用证据权模型进行滑坡易发性评价。对已有治理工程的斜坡单元,本文尝试利用折减系数法对其易发性进行进一步评价。结合现场调查,将研究区滑坡易发性程度划分为：极高易发、高易发、中等易发、低易发。评价结果表明,自然工况下极高易发区主要位于康定市炉城镇以及研究区北侧二道桥村一带,高易发区主要位于雅拉河、折多河与瓦斯沟河谷两侧,对治理工程所在的斜坡单元进行折减后,极高易发区面积由11.21%降至8.42%,滑坡比率由4.03降低至2.3,研究结果符合实际情况,模型精度达77.8%。评价结果较好地反映了康定市区的滑坡易发性分布情况,可为城镇精细化评价提供一定的参考依据。     

浙江泰顺县地质灾害易发区划分方法探讨

开展1∶1万地质灾害易发区图编制工作,可为地质灾害防治规划、土地利用总体规划、地质灾害危险性评估、建设工程选址等提供可靠的资料,对做好地质灾害防治工作具有重要意义。本文以泰顺县为例,采用地质灾害综合危险性指数法划分地质灾害易发区,总结分析地质灾害易发程度分区评价的经验,为大比例尺易发区图编制作一些有益的探讨。     

基于CF和Logistic回归模型的广东省地质灾害易发性评价

在研究广东省崩塌、滑坡、泥石流孕灾环境的基础上,选取高程、坡度、地质年代、岩性、距断层距离、距水系距离、归一化植被指数(NDVI)7个因子作为地质灾害易发条件因子。首先利用CF模型计算出7个因子各分类级别的CF值,然后将各因子的CF值作为自变量,是否发生地质灾害作为因变量,利用Logistic回归模型得到各因子的回归系数。再对各因子之间的独立性进行检验,所选7个因子都符合独立性检验条件,全部进入到逻辑回归方程中,计算出各独立单元发生崩滑流地质灾害的概率。根据计算结果将广东省崩滑流地质灾害易发程度划分成四类:极低易发区(16.63%),低易发区(28.65%),中易发区(32.57%),高易发区(22.15%)。评价模型的合理性和精确度都符合检验要求,说明采用确定性系模型和逻辑回归模型能够较为客观准确地评价广东省地质灾害易发性。     

基于GIS的白龙江流域甘肃段地质灾害易发性评价

在白龙江流域甘肃段主要城镇地质灾害详细调查的基础上,通过统计分析确定了影响区域地质灾害易发性的评价因子,利用层次分析法对各评价因子的权重进行了计算。采用地理信息系统进行空间分析,按照自然间距分类方法将地质灾害易发性结果栅格图分为高易发区、中易发区、低易发区、极低易发区4类,并绘制了区域地质灾害易发性分区图。该问题的研究对于地质灾害的防灾减灾具有一定的指导意义。     

基于加权证据权模型的青藏高原东部巴塘断裂带滑坡易发性评价

巴塘断裂带位于青藏高原东部,呈北东—南西向展布,全新世活动强烈,沿断裂带崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害极为发育。基于遥感解译和野外地质调查,在巴塘断裂带两侧10 km范围内识别出滑坡93处;在分析滑坡空间发育特征的基础上,选取地形地貌(地面高程、地形坡度和地形坡向)、地形湿度指数、地层岩性、活动断裂、降雨量、水系、人类工程活动和植被覆盖等10个因素作为滑坡易发程度的主控因素,采用加权证据权法建立滑坡易发性评价模型,开展巴塘断裂带滑坡易发性评价;成功率(ROC)曲线检验结果表明此次滑坡易发性评价的准确率为82.3%。采用基于自然断点法将滑坡易发程度划分为极高易发、高易发、中等易发和低易发4个级别,结果表明滑坡易发性受巴塘断裂带和河流控制显著,极高易发区和高易发区主要分布在巴塘断裂带、金沙江和巴曲河谷及一级支流两侧,中等易发区主要分布在巴曲各支流中上游,低易发区主要分布在人类工程活动弱的高山地带以及地形相对平缓的区域。滑坡易发性评价结果很好地反映了巴塘断裂带现今滑坡发育分布特征,对该区重大工程规划建设和防灾减灾具有科学指导意义。     

基于GIS空间分析的吉林省辉南县地质灾害易发程度评价

辉南县地质环境条件复杂,人类工程活动强烈,崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷等地质灾害频发,严重威胁当地居民安全,影响旅游业和当地的经济发展,本文针对影响以上4类地质灾害的易发条件,分布选取适合的评价因子进行打分,然后进行网格剖分,再采用综合指数法并利用Mapgis空间分析功能,得出崩塌滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷的易发程度分区图,最后通过叠加得到全区地质灾害易发程度综合区划,划分出高、中、低三类易发区,为地质灾害防治提供依据。     

贵州省石阡县耕地土壤硒元素地球化学特征及开发利用建议

为了研究贵州省瓮安县各类地质灾害在空间上的发育分布规律,根据瓮安县地质环境和地质灾害野外调查资料,运用综合指数法,对区域内地质灾害易发性的影响因素进行量化。通过地理信息系统（GIS）空间分析软件,对其进行计算与叠加,并依据分区的标准,利用ArcGIS软件内置的自然间断点对地质灾害易发性指数图层进行插值处理,得到瓮安县地质灾害易发性分区图。将区域地质灾害的易发性和区域受威胁对象的易损性进行叠加计算,得到瓮安县地质灾害危险性分区图。根据分区结果可知：地质灾害高易发区占全县面积41.52%,地质灾害中易发区占全县面积38.62%,地质灾害低易发区占全县面积19.86%;地质灾害危险性划分为高危险区、中危险区和低危险区3个区,所占面积比例分别为41.00%、42.54%、16.46%。研究结果为该区地质灾害的预防和预警提供了依据,具有一定的工程实践意义。     

Landslide hazard mapping at Selangor, Malaysia using frequency ratio and logistic regression models

The aim of this study is to evaluate the landslide hazards at Selangor area, Malaysia, using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing. Landslide locations of the study area were identified from aerial photograph interpretation and field survey. Topographical maps, geological data, and satellite images were collected, processed, and constructed into a spatial database in a GIS platform. The factors chosen that influence landslide occurrence were: slope, aspect, curvature, distance from drainage, lithology, distance from lineaments, land cover, vegetation index, and precipitation distribution. Landslide hazardous areas were analyzed and mapped using the landslide-occurrence factors by frequency ratio and logistic regression models. The results of the analysis were verified using the landslide location data and compared with probability model. The comparison results showed that the frequency ratio model (accuracy is 93.04%) is better in prediction than logistic regression (accuracy is 90.34%) model.     

云南省麻栗坡县独田村滑坡特征与整治

滑坡是我国山区城镇建设中危害极大的地质灾害类型。云南省麻栗坡县独田村滑坡即是城镇新区建设过程中因平整场地开挖山坡而诱发的。本文阐述了该滑坡形成的环境工程地质条件,描述了滑坡特征,分析了其成因,并进行了稳定性评价。在此基础上,提出了该滑坡的整治措施,对城镇建设诱发类似滑坡的治理有一定的借鉴意义。     

Manifestation of remote sensing data and GIS on landslide hazard analysis using spatial-based statistical models

This paper presents landslide hazard analysis at Cameron area, Malaysia, using a geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing data. Landslide locations were identified from interpretation of aerial photographs and field surveys. Topographical and geological data and satellite images were collected, processed, and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing. The factors chosen that influence landslide occurrence are topographic slope, topographic aspect, topographic curvature, and distance to rivers, all from the topographic database; lithology and distance to faults were taken from the geologic database; land cover from TM satellite image; the vegetation index value was taken from Landsat images; and precipitation distribution from meteorological data. Landslide hazard area was analyzed and mapped using the landslide occurrence factors by frequency ratio and bivariate logistic regression models. The results of the analysis were verified using the landslide location data and compared with the probabilistic models. The validation results showed that the frequency ratio model (accuracy is 89.25%) is better in prediction of landslide than bivariate logistic regression (accuracy is 85.73%) model.     

青藏高原融冻泥流型滑坡灾害及其稳定性评价方法

青藏高原多年冻土地区融冻泥流型滑坡属于长度与深度之比为无限大的浅层滑坡,应用无限斜坡分析方法研究滑坡的稳定性是完全合适的。考虑渗流方向与斜坡方向一致的情况,应用有效应力原理,本文推导出不同含水条件下融冻泥流型滑坡安全系数的解析表达式,绘制出了干土坡和完全饱水土坡稳定性分析图表,并对青藏公路K30 35里程融冻泥流型滑坡进行了稳定性分析及评价。      

Prediction of landslide displacement with step-like behavior based on multialgorithm optimization and a support vector regression model

Landslide prediction is important for mitigating geohazards but is very challenging. In landslide evolution, displacement depends on the local geological conditions and variations in the controlling factors. Such factors have led to the “step-like” deformation of landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China. Based on displacement monitoring data and the deformation characteristics of the Baishuihe Landslide, an additive time series model was established for landslide displacement prediction. In the model, cumulative displacement was divided into three parts: trend, periodic, and random terms. These terms reflect internal factors (geological environmental, gravity, etc.), external factors (rainfall, reservoir water level, etc.), and random factors (uncertainties). After statistically analyzing the displacement data, a cubic polynomial model was proposed to predict the trend term of displacement. Then, multiple algorithms were used to determine the optimal support vector regression (SVR) model and train and predict the periodic term. The results showed that the landslide displacement values predicted based on data time series and the genetic algorithm (GA-SVR) model are better than those based on grid search (GS-SVR) and particle swarm optimization (PSO-SVR) models. Finally, the random term was accurately predicted by GA-SVR. Therefore, the coupled model based on temporal data series and GA-SVR can be used to predict landslide displacement. Additionally, the GA-SVR model has broad application potential in the prediction of landslide displacement with “step-like” behavior.     

Probabilistic landslide hazards and risk mapping on Penang Island, Malaysia

This paper deals with landslide hazards and risk analysis of Penang Island, Malaysia using Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing data. Landslide locations in the study area were identified from interpretations of aerial photographs and field surveys. Topographical/geological data and satellite images were collected and processed using GIS and image processing tools. There are ten landslide inducing parameters which are considered for landslide hazard analysis. These parameters are topographic slope, aspect, curvature and distance from drainage, all derived from the topographic database; geology and distance from lineament, derived from the geologic database; landuse from Landsat satellite images; soil from the soil database; precipitation amount, derived from the rainfall database; and the vegetation index value from SPOT satellite images. Landslide susceptibility was analyzed using landslide-occurrence factors employing the probability-frequency ratio model. The results of the analysis were verified using the landslide location data and compared with the probabilistic model. The accuracy observed was 80.03%. The qualitative landslide hazard analysis was carried out using the frequency ratio model through the map overlay analysis in GIS environment. The accuracy of hazard map was 86.41%. Further, risk analysis was done by studying the landslide hazard map and damageable objects at risk. This information could be used to estimate the risk to population, property and existing infrastructure like transportation network.     

浅析遵毕高速公路K16滑坡稳定性

滑坡稳定性分析是滑坡治理的重要依据,是建立在外业地质调查、地质勘探及室内外试验基础上。对滑动面以上滑体以数字、力学分析手段来判断、确定滑坡稳定状态的过程。其最终目的是确定坡体在外界及边界条件下最危险滑动面及其稳定性。由于斜坡结构的复杂性及组成物质的差异性造成斜坡不同的破坏形式,因此选用正确的计算模型、选择有代表性的断面、充分考虑不同的计算工况视为稳定性分析的关键。     

新疆伊犁某移民新区黄土滑坡成因分析及防治对策

移民新区东坡滑坡发育于小吉尔格朗河东岸二级残留阶地,坡面中部,坡体平均坡度35°,均为小型土质滑坡。因滑坡剪出口位置较高,滑动后,多为快速滑动,极易成灾,对沙尕村移民新区构成较大威胁。通过研究发现,滑坡主要受地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造等原生地质条件控制,受大气降水、地下水、地震、人类工程活动等外界条件影响,其中大气降水和地下水为滑坡成因的主要影响因素。结合滑坡成因及影响因素,提出抗滑桩板墙和挡土墙相结合并辅以排水措施的防治方案,对该地区的滑坡防治具有较好的指导意义。     

数字滑坡技术及其典型应用

为了改变传统滑坡遥感技术方法效率低、调查精度难以提高的状况,经多年实践与探索,笔者于 1999 年提出了“数字滑坡”概念。该概念使传统的“地学滑坡”拓展为能以数字形式表达的,具有三维空间、“多维”时间信息的,由“多元”要素组成的“数字滑坡”。数字滑坡技术系统由滑坡解译基础技术、遥感识辨滑坡技术、滑坡数据库及滑坡模型4部分构成。多年来,数字滑坡技术已成功应用于我国大型水电站建设、山区交通线建设、区域开发环境治理以及抗震减灾等领域,也用于大规模个体滑坡调查研究,并取得了显著的经济和社会效益,有效服务于国家防灾减灾战略。该文主要以西藏帕里河及川东天台乡2个典型滑坡调查为例,阐述数字滑坡技术的创新应用。     

Predictive landslide susceptibility mapping using spatial information in the Pechabun area of Thailand

For predictive landslide susceptibility mapping, this study applied and verified probability model, the frequency ratio and statistical model, logistic regression at Pechabun, Thailand, using a geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing. Landslide locations were identified in the study area from interpretation of aerial photographs and field surveys, and maps of the topography, geology and land cover were constructed to spatial database. The factors that influence landslide occurrence, such as slope gradient, slope aspect and curvature of topography and distance from drainage were calculated from the topographic database. Lithology and distance from fault were extracted and calculated from the geology database. Land cover was classified from Landsat TM satellite image. The frequency ratio and logistic regression coefficient were overlaid for landslide susceptibility mapping as each factor’s ratings. Then the landslide susceptibility map was verified and compared using the existing landslide location. As the verification results, the frequency ratio model showed 76.39% and logistic regression model showed 70.42% in prediction accuracy. The method can be used to reduce hazards associated with landslides and to plan land cover.