中高层大开间钢筋混凝土异形柱框架结构抗震性能研究

对一中高层大开间钢筋混土异形柱框架结构１／６比例模型进行了地震模拟振动台试验。研究结构从弹性,开裂,屈服直至破坏等各地震反应,揭示了结构的动力特性及破坏形态,结果表明,该结构体纱具有良好的抗震性能。     

钢筋混凝土框架地震破坏研究概述

关于钢筋混凝土结构的破坏过程,是当前建筑抗震设计与研究中提出的新问题,本文介绍了国内外钢筋混凝土构件非线性地震反应分析和破坏过程研究的进展,和钢筋混凝土框架地震破坏评价的定量描述方法,以及钢筋混凝土框架结构地震破坏过程模拟的最新研究动态,指出地震工程研究领域中研究钢筋混凝土框架结构破坏过程有效手段。     

城市立交桥结构三维地震反应

本文建立了城市立交桥结构地震破坏过程的分析模型，考虑了柱墩、梁、支座的单元模式，推导并建立了行波法输入下结构动力平衡方程，进而研究了地震多点输入下立义桥结构的地震反应问题，建立了立交桥结构的破坏准则，分别对几种方式地震输入下城市立交桥结构的地震反应瓿进行了具体研究。从而为人们对实际立交桥结构在地震作用下的破坏过程有了更科学的认识；在对桥梁结构进行地震反应分析时，不应该忽略地震对它的多方面的影响。     

黄土地区地铁地下结构抗震研究综述

介绍了地铁地下结构抗震研究的发展历史、研究现状及黄土地区地铁地下结构抗震的相关研究,总结归纳出地震作用下地铁地下结构的地震破坏形式与地震反应特征;对地铁地下结构的不同抗震研究方法进行对比研究,指出各种研究方法的优缺点与适用情况。针对我国黄土地区地铁地下结构抗震分析理论研究不足,基础资料积累欠缺,抗震设计尚无可靠依据的实际情况,探讨了黄土动力本构模型、黄土与结构动力相互作用、离心机振动台试验研究及抗震分析方法等因素对黄土地区地铁地下结构抗震研究可靠性的影响,提出黄土地区地铁地下结构地震动力反应分析、地震破坏机理分析、抗震性能分析及抗震设计中需要深入研究的关键问题。     

剪力墙结构、框架填充墙结构模型模拟地震试验研究

对三种结构体系的模型，即钢筋混凝土剪力培结构、钢筋混凝土框架砖填充壤结构和钢框架混凝土填充墙结构模型，进行了地震模拟振动台试验研究．三种结构的模型均为４层，１／３几何比例，整体尺寸相同，按静力等强度原则进行设计。利用５ｍ×５ｍ液压振动台逐渐增大输入地震的峰值加速度直至模型破坏，在试验过程中测量并比较三种模型在弹性和开裂等状态时加速度、位移、应变的反应情况，并用微幅激振测定模型在相应状态下动力特性的变化，从而综合比较和研究它们的地震反应、破坏机理和抗震能力。     

隧道结构地震反应分析研究现状

简要介绍了隧道结构的震害现象,总结了隧道结构的震害机理、震害的影响因素、地震反应计算方法中的反应位移法和隧道结构振动台试验等4个方面的研究进展。在对当前研究成果评述的基础上指出了当前研究中的一些问题,并对隧道结构抗震研究的重点问题进行了总结归纳,包括地震动输入的确定、结构抗震计算方法、特殊地质环境下隧道的动力特性、隧道结构地震破坏的准则与评价指标、隧道结构抗震反应分析模型、振动台试验的可靠性等。这些工作可以为从事这一领域研究和设计工作的有关人员提供一定的参考。     

峰值速度和峰值位移对钢结构弹塑性地震反应影响研究

<正>建筑结构在地震动作用下的破坏倒塌是引起人身伤亡和财产损失的直接原因。因此,深入揭示地震动特性,以便改进结构抗震设计,减小建筑结构在地震作用下的动力响应已成为当前工程领域的研究热点。然而,地震动本身是一个复杂过程,影响因素众多,地震灾害表明地震动振幅、频谱和持时是3个最有代表性的特征参数。但如果结构发生弹塑性地震反应,     

油气集输悬索管桥动特性及地震非线性时程反应分析

悬索管桥具有比传统悬索路桥柔性大、阻尼低、频谱不均匀、自重轻、横向刚度小等的典型特性,动力学行为复杂,更容易引起结构失效和破坏。文中以漾濞江油气集输悬索管桥为研究对象,基于Midas软件建立了地震载荷条件下的悬索管桥有限元模型,开展了悬索管桥的地震响应、抗震性能数值模拟研究,揭示了管桥体系的危险区域和可能存在的破坏形式,发现:合理设置吊杆和拉索分布密度,对悬索桥自身的抗震有利。根据相似原理,搭建了漾濞江悬索管桥的室内实验系统,探究悬索桥动力特性及结构参数对动力特性的影响规律,验证了数值模拟正确性,为漾濞江油气集输悬索管桥的抗震性能设计提供理论指导。     

高层结构考虑土与地下室相互作用的振动台试验和理论分析

采用振动台试验研究了土与地下室相互作用对带多层地下室高层错位转换结构地震反应的影响。在7度小震阶段对比研究了其地下室周围有土及砂等介质约束和无约束情况下的动力特性和动力反应。在7度中震及大震阶段,土与地下室相互碰撞现象被发现。采用有限元方法非线性模拟了土与地下室相互碰撞对高层结构反应的影响。试验及分析表明,水平地震作用下土与地下室相互碰撞会对高层结构,特别是在±0.000附近部位产生不利反应,大震作用下并能造成一定程度的破坏。     

近断层地震作用隔震结构研究现状综述

总结了近年来国内外学者对速度脉冲、竖向地震动和上下盘效应等近断层地震动特性的研究成果,综述了近断层地震作用下隔震结构动力响应的研究现状。对当前近断层隔震结构地震响应研究和抗震设计中存在的问题进行了简要分析,指出考虑近断层的速度脉冲效应、竖向地震动特性和地面运动不一致性以及结构P-Δ效应等因素影响,将成为隔震结构动力反应分析和结构抗震设计新的研究方向。     

Structural modal parameter identification and damage diagnosis based on Hilbert-Huang transform

Traditional modal parameter identifi cation methods have many disadvantages,especially when used for processing nonlinear and non-stationary signals.In addition,they are usually not able to accurately identify the damping ratio and damage.In this study,methods based on the Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) are investigated for structural modal parameter identifi cation and damage diagnosis.First,mirror extension and prediction via a radial basis function(RBF) neural network are used to restrain the troublesome end-effect issue in empirical mode decomposition(EMD),which is a crucial part of HHT.Then,the approaches based on HHT combined with other techniques,such as the random decrement technique(RDT),natural excitation technique(NExT) and stochastic subspace identifi cation(SSI),are proposed to identify modal parameters of structures.Furthermore,a damage diagnosis method based on the HHT is also proposed.Time-varying instantaneous frequency and instantaneous energy are used to identify the damage evolution of the structure.The relative amplitude of the Hilbert marginal spectrum is used to identify the damage location of the structure.Finally,acceleration records at gauge points from shaking table testing of a 12-story reinforced concrete frame model are taken to validate the proposed approaches.The results show that the proposed approaches based on HHT for modal parameter identifi cation and damage diagnosis are reliable and practical.     

基于动力响应的特高压变压器套管地震实时损伤识别

特高压变压器套管具有较高的地震易损性,为研究其在地震过程中出现结构损伤的识别问题,基于改进的希尔伯特黄变换算法提出一种利用设备加速度响应信号进行实时损伤识别的方法. 采用高通滤波以及集合经验模态分解提取信号的异常高频成分;然后将其作为损伤特征,定义高频能量比用于损伤定位;最后通过数值算例模拟不同损伤工况下结构的地震响应,验证所提损伤识别方法的准确性.研究表明,地震过程中结构突发损伤会使加速度响应信号中产生瞬时高频成分;信号中瞬时高频成分的能量大小与采集点到损伤位置的距离有关,距离越近瞬时高频成分的能量量级越大.所提方法仅需结构的加速度响应作为算法输入即可实现损伤判定和损伤定位,数据需求简单.     

基于地震现场离散点灾情报告的灾害空间分析模拟研究

文中重点研究了基于地震现场能够获取的离散的地震灾情点信息进行灾情的总体分析和模拟。依靠灾情速报人员或相关人员上报的地震现场灾情点信息,运用泰森多边形和GIS空间分析方法对离散点进行面插值分析和边界修正处理,形成适合计算离散灾情采样点的模型和算法,并借助GIS技术和WebService技术实现该模型和算法,建立相应的试验系统。该模型和系统能够随着灾情收集点的变化进行动态的分析模拟,从而能够在一定程度上及时快速地反映并确定地震灾情的基本分布情况,为地震救灾指挥提供相对确切的灾情分布信息。文中以汶川地震部分数据为例进行分析,结果基本与实际灾情吻合。选取的数据为73条有效短信,这些短信是从截至5月12日24:00收到的600余条灾情上报数据短信中分析提取出来的     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换的建筑物强震记录分析方法研究

建筑物在强震中可能受到损伤,通过对结构瞬时频率的分析可以诊断出结构的损伤发展过程。本文探讨了基于H ilbert-Huang变换的结构物损伤诊断方法,研究了如何从结构地震响应信号中提取模态响应、1阶模态振型和损伤发展规律。本文采用HHT法分析了Northridge地震中某超高层建筑物的强震记录,分析结果表明:带有间歇检验准则的经验模态分解法能够提取结构的模态振动响应;通过分析不同楼层的相对H ilbert边际谱能够识别出结构的1阶模态振型;分析结构振动中瞬时频率的时变特点,可以直观地掌握振动中结构的损伤发展规律。     

The generation of stochastic load functions to simulate wind loading on structures

The simplest form of input required for step-by-step simulation of response of a structure to a gusty wind is a stochastic process having Gaussian distribution and a specified power spectrum. Methods for generating such a process are described in detail, and the extension outlined for generating a number of partially correlated input processes having specified power spectra and cross-spectra.     

A new extension of seismic instantaneous frequency using a fractional time derivative

The seismic instantaneous frequency attribute has been applied to interpret a depositional layer. Instead of the standard instantaneous frequency, the Caputo fractional differential operator has been demonstrated as a more suitable mathematical tool of nonlinear analysis for the depositional layer. Based on the Caputo operator, we propose a fractional extension of instantaneous frequency attribute to detect thin layers of sandstone formations. From numerical analysis of a 25-Hz Ricker wavelet, we found that the fractional instantaneous frequency of 0.99 order keeps an approximation of standard instantaneous frequency and enhances the negative frequency (anomalous frequency spike), which help in more precise geological interpretation. A three-layer wedge model and a case history from the Bohai Bay Basin showed that the 0.99 order instantaneous frequency provides more depositional sandstone information than the standard instantaneous frequency. The anomalous frequency spike, at the merging point of the top and the base reflections or at the tip of the stratum, of 0.99 order instantaneous frequency is more prominent than that of the standard one. The results help to interpret the thickness changes of thin sandstone formations. In practical application, the 0.99 order instantaneous frequency has revealed several deposition phases and lateral heterogeneity of a fluvial reservoir system. Therefore, the 0.99 order instantaneous frequency is a valuable seismic attribute for reservoir characterization.     

A vector-valued intensity measure for near-fault ground motions

Near-fault ground motions containing high energy and large amplitude velocity pulses may cause severe damage to structures. The most widely used intensity measure (IM) is the elastic spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the structure (Sa(T₁)); however, Sa(T₁) is not a sufficient IM with respect to the effects of the pulse-like ground motions on structural response. For near-fault ground motions, including pulse-like and non–pulse-like time histories, we propose a vector-valued IM consisting of a new IM called instantaneous power (IP(T₁)) and the Sa(T₁). The IP(T₁) is defined as the maximum power of the bandpass-filtered velocity time series over a time interval of 0.5T₁. The IP(T₁) is period-dependent because the velocity time series is filtered over a period range (0.2T₁-3T₁). This allows the IP(T₁) to represent the power of the near-fault ground motions relevant to the response of the structure. Using two-dimensional models of the 2- and 9-story steel-frame buildings, we show that the proposed [Sa(T₁), IP(T₁)] vector IM gives more accurate estimates of the maximum inter-story drift and collapse capacity responses from near-fault ground motions than using the vector IM consisting of the Sa(T₁), the presence of the velocity pulse, and the period of the velocity pulse. Moreover, for the structures considered, for a given Sa(T₁), the IP(T₁) is more strongly correlated with structural damage from near-fault ground motions than the combination of the velocity pulse and pulse period.     

强震作用下砌体结构倒塌过程仿真分析

四川汶川地震中大量砌体房屋倒塌,造成巨大人员伤亡。为研究和预防砌体结构震害,本文概述了多层砌体房屋的主要震害特点,研究了砌体结构地震倒塌分析方法、失效单元与结构倒塌等关键技术问题。利用动力有限元程序LS-DYNA模拟了砌体结构的倒塌过程。仿真计算的结果与真实倒塌过程吻合较好,说明通过合理选取计算参数和计算模型,可以对这种特殊的复杂破坏过程进行模拟分析和仿真。通过再现倒塌过程,发现了结构在强震作用下的薄弱环节,为提高砌体结构抗震性能研究、建立结构防倒塌机制提供了有力的技术支撑。     

村镇滑移隔震建筑瞬时摩擦耗能的参数敏感性分析

给出了村镇滑移隔震建筑瞬时摩擦耗能的概念,并以此概念为响应指标。通过极差大小的对比,分析了该响应指标对刚度比、第二阶段刚度系数、隔震层屈服位移、隔震层摩擦系数、系统质量比和上部结构自振周期六个参数变化的敏感程度,阐述了上述系统参数对瞬时摩擦耗能这一响应指标的影响规律。研究表明:场地条件和地震动幅值大小对瞬时摩擦耗能均有显著影响;在所考虑的参数范围内,上部结构自振周期总是对瞬时摩擦耗能有较为显著的影响,摩擦系数对瞬时摩擦耗能的影响跟场地条件有关,Ⅰ类场地条件中摩擦系数对瞬时摩擦耗能影响不显著,而Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ类场地条件中,摩擦系数对瞬时摩擦耗能的影响则非常显著;隔震层屈服位移、刚度比和第二阶段刚度系数总得来讲对瞬时摩擦耗能影响不显著,质量比对瞬时摩擦耗能影响居中。     

Analytical investigations of seismic responses for reinforced concrete bridge columns subjected to strong near-fault ground motion

Strong near-fault ground motion, usually caused by the fault-rupture and characterized by a pulse-like velocity- wave form, often causes dramatic instantaneous seismic energy (Jadhav and Jangid 2006). Some reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns, even those built according to ductile design principles, were damaged in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. Thus, it is very important to evaluate the seismic response of a RC bridge column to improve its seismic design and prevent future damage. Nonlinear time history analysis using step-by-step integration is capable of tracing the dynamic response of a structure during the entire vibration period and is able to accommodate the pulsing wave form. However, the accuracy of the numerical results is very sensitive to the modeling of the nonlinear load-deformation relationship of the structural member. FEMA 273 and ATC-40 provide the modeling parameters for structural nonlinear analyses of RC beams and RC columns. They use three parameters to define the plastic rotation angles and a residual strength ratio to describe the nonlinear load- deformation relationship of an RC member. Structural nonlinear analyses are performed based on these parameters. This method provides a convenient way to obtain the nonlinear seismic responses of RC structures. However, the accuracy of the numerical solutions might be further improved. For this purpose, results from a previous study on modeling of the static pushover analyses for RC bridge columns (Sung et al. 2005) is adopted for the nonlinear time history analysis presented herein to evaluate the structural responses excited by a near-fault ground motion. To ensure the reliability of this approach, the numerical results were compared to experimental results. The results confirm that the proposed approach is valid.