珠江虎门潮汐水道多环芳烃的分布、组成及来源分析

采用GF／F玻璃滤膜对珠江虎门潮汐水道水样进行过滤，分离出颗粒相和溶解相多环芳烃：定量分析结果显示，2001年洪、枯季水体中多环芳烃总最分别是786～2098ng／L和11360～34338ng／L，16种优控多环芳烃含量分别为223～614ng／L和6559～20031ng／L。广州前航道多环芳烃的含量高于狮子洋水样的含量：珠江虎门潮汐水道水体中多环芳烃的含量、分布具有明显的季节变化特征，枯季多环芳烃总量高于洪季1个数量级。多环芳烃的组成及其特祉参数分析表明，珠江虎门潮汐水道水体中多环芳烃主要来源于矿物燃料燃烧和汽车排放。     

珠江虎门潮汐水道水体中多环芳烃的分布及季节变化

采用GF/F玻璃滤膜对珠江虎门潮汐水道6个表层水样进行过滤分离出多环芳烃的颗粒相和溶解相,并根据美国EPA标准对多环芳烃进行了定量分析.结果显示,洪、枯季水体中16种优先控制多环芳烃总量分别是223～614,6 559～20 031 ng/dm3;洪、枯季多环芳烃总量分别为786～2 098,11 360～34 338 ng/dm3;广州前航道的污染较狮子洋严重.珠江虎门潮汐水道水体中多环芳烃的含量、分布具有明显的季节变化特征,枯季多环芳烃的浓度高于洪季1个数量级以上,且二环多环芳烃的含量占95%以上,主要呈溶解相形式出现;洪季高环多环芳烃的含量明显升高,主要呈颗粒相形式输运.     

九龙江河口表层水体中溶解态多环芳烃及六溴环十二烷的分布特征及来源解析

持久性有机污染物因其与环境和人类健康息息相关而受到国内外研究学者的持续关注。本研究以类持久性有机污染物—多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)和新型持久性有机污染物—六溴环十二烷(hexabromocyclododecanes, HBCDs)为研究对象,于2019年1月和2月对九龙江河口表层水体进行了采样分析,采用固相萃取-气质联用(GC-MS)方法,分析其表层水体中18种溶解态多环芳烃及3种六溴环十二烷的含量分布特征和组分特征,探究其来源并进行污染评价。结果表明,表层水体中溶解态多环芳烃ΣPAHs含量范围为38.49～256.00 ng/L,各组分以2环和3环为主,4环次之,5环及以上仅有个别站位检出,其来源以石油源为主,主要来源于石油类化石燃料燃烧。ΣHBCDs的含量范围为ND～49.951 ng/L,以α-HBCD为主,γ-HBCD次之,β-HBCD最少。与国内外其他港湾及流域相比,九龙江河口PAHs含量依然处于较高水平,HBCDs含量则处于相对较低水平。     

黄河口水中多环芳烃（PAHs）的季节分布特征及来源分析

采用GF/F玻璃滤膜对黄河入海口8个站位水样进行过滤分离出颗粒态和溶解态多环芳烃(PAHs),利用GCMS-QP2010进行定量分析.结果表明:丰水期、枯水期海水中多环芳烃浓度分别为473.7～1 190.1 ng/L,1 681.8～6 014.4 ng/L,同国内外河口及海湾相比,黄河入海口水相中多环芳烃污染较严重,且具有明显的季节分布特征,枯水期水相中多环芳烃浓度明显高于丰水期水相中多环芳烃浓度.丰水期水相中多环芳烃主要以溶解态形式存在,枯水期水相中多环芳烃主要以溶解态和颗粒态形式存在,丰水期和枯水期水中均且以萘、2-甲基萘和1-甲基萘污染为主.污染来源分析表明,枯水期黄河入海口表层水中PAHs主要来源于高温燃烧源,丰水期主要来源于石油污染和高温燃烧源.     

台州湾海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃的浓度水平、富集规律及来源

研究了台州湾海域海水和表层沉积物中15种多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度水平,评价了表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集规律,探讨其可能来源.结果表明,表层沉积物中PAHs的浓度范围为85.4 ～ 167.6 ng/g,平均值为138.62 ng/g,总多环芳烃的最大值是椒江码头.表层沉积物中二环、三环、四环、五环和六环多环芳烃占总多环芳烃的百分含量平均值分别为7.8 %,42.1 %, 33.3 %, 9.6 %和 7.2 %,三环多环芳烃的含量最高;表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集系数为532.7 ～ 1068.9,平均值为807.5,单组分菲的富集系数最高为122.7,最小的是苯并(a)芘为2.7;台州湾表层沉积物中的多环芳烃主要来源于燃煤污染,部分来源于石油烃类物质的直接污染.     

台州湾海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃的浓度水平、富集规律及来源

研究了台州湾海域海水和表层沉积物中15种多环芳烃(PAHs) 的浓度水平,评价了表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集规律,探讨其可能来源.结果表明,表层沉积物中 PAHs 的浓度范围为85.4～167.6 ng / g,平均值为138.62 ng/g,总多环芳烃的最大值是椒江码头.表层沉积物中二环、三环、四环、五环和六环多环芳烃占总多环芳烃的百分含量平均值分别为7.8 %,42.1 %,33.3 %,9.6 % 和 7.2 %,三环多环芳烃的含量最高;表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集系数为 532.7～1 068.9,平均值为 807.5,单组分菲的富集系数最高为 122.7,最小的是苯并(a) 芘为 2.7;台州湾表层沉积物中的多环芳烃主要来源于燃煤污染,部分来源于石油烃类物质的直接污染.     

东海表层水体中的多环芳烃及其沉积通量估算

以东海陆架水体中溶解态多环芳烃(PAHs)含量为基础,引入颗粒相-水相间的物质吸附系数(Koc)计算悬浮颗粒物中PAHs有机碳归一化含量,结合陆架沉积物有机碳的年埋藏通量,估算东海陆架沉积物中PAHs沉积通量。结果显示:水体中溶解态的15种PAHs总含量为(701±392)ng/L,变化范围为412~1 032ng/L,PAHs组成以3环为主。计算得到的悬浮颗粒物中15种PAHs有机碳归一化含量为20~28μg/g,对应的PAHs沉积通量为150~210t/a。估算结果与实测沉积物中PAHs含量和沉积通量结果基本吻合,表明实验室模拟实验获取的化合物Koc值适用于东海颗粒相-水相间的分配模型,证实悬浮颗粒物有机碳含量在控制PAHs两相分布过程中起着重要作用。同时,该方法为海洋沉积物中PAHs沉积通量的估算提供一种新途径。     

西瓦湖中壬基酚和双酚A的污染特征

本文研究了西瓦湖内外各环境介质 ,包括表层水体、悬浮物、间隙水和沉积物中的壬基酚和双酚 A的浓度分布。结果表明 ,湖内上述介质中的壬基酚浓度分别为 1 7.4～ 1 1 3.4 ng/ L ,1 5 .6～ 2 8.6 ng/ L,2 4 0～ 3890 ng/ L和 5 .6～ 1 6 2 9ng/ g,西瓦湖外的壬基酚浓度则相对较低。表层水体与其他介质中的壬基酚浓度之间存在显著性相关关系。双酚 A的分布特征与壬基酚相似 ,但前者的浓度较低 ,在上述介质中的浓度分别为 1 3.0～ 5 0 .4 ng/ L,3.2～ 8.5 ng/ L,85～ 2 80 ng/ L和 1 .3～1 1 .2 ng/ g。本文还讨论了西瓦湖中的壬基酚和双酚 A污染对当地生物的潜在危害     

桑沟湾水体中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的浓度水平及分布特征

以气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC/ECD)分析并结合外标法,定量测定了桑沟湾海域水体中15种有机氯农药和多氯联苯类化合物的含量.结果表明:桑沟湾海域表层水体中有机氯农药浓度范围为20.34～52.86 ng/L,底层水中的浓度范围为31.7～58.68 ng/L.该海域水体中共检出有机氯农药6种,DDTs类化合物是水体...     

南黄海中部海水、间隙水和沉积物中多环芳烃的分布及源分析

利用液液萃取、固相微萃取及快速溶剂萃取法对2007年9月南黄海中部海洋环境调查采集的31个调查站位的表层、30 m层、底层海水及表层沉积物样品进行前处理,并采用气相色谱-质谱检测其中的多环芳烃(PAHs).结果显示:站位表层、30 m层和底层海水中总PAHs的质量浓度分别为37.77～233.39 ng·L-1,39.45～213.27 ng·L-1,15.76～202.55 ng·L-1;表层沉积物(干重)总PAHs的质量比为16.33～229.58 ng·g-1,间隙水和上覆水中总PAHs的质量浓度为11.98～386.66 ng·L-1.间隙水的总PAHs普遍高于上覆水的,而沉积物和间隙水中的大于表层、30 m层及底层海水中的.经特征PAHs组分分析判定南黄海中部海水中PAHs的来源主要为石油及其产品,而表层沉积物中PAHs的主要来源可能为高温燃烧后的矿物燃料残余物.     

Size-fractionated uranium isotopes in surface waters in the Jiulong Estuary in China

Surface water was collected from the Jiulong Estuary for determination of activity concentrations of uranium isotopes in different size fractions, namely, greater than 53, 10 -53, 2 - 10, 0.4 -2 μm, 10 000 u -0.4 μm and less than 10 000 u fractions by microfihration and cross-flow uhrafiltration technologies. Results indicated that most of the dissolved uranium （ 〈 0.4 μm） exis- ted in the low molecular mass fraction （ 〈 10 000 u）, and the colloidal uranium-238 （10 000 u -0.4 μm） only contributed less than 1% of the dissolved uranium-238. The fractions of colloidal uranium in the dissolved phases decreased with the increasing sa- linity. A positive linear relationship between uranium-238 activities and salinities was observed for the dissolved, colloidal and low molecular mass fractions, indicating a conservative behavior of uranium in the Jiulong Estuary. In the particulate phases （ 〉 0.4 μm）, the partitioning of uranium isotopes among different size fractions was controlled by the partitioning of particle concentrations. In the regions with salinities below 20, the partitioning of uranium-238 among different size fractions was as follows： 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm 〉 0.4 - 2 μm greater than above 53 μm. However, the order at the offshore station with salinities above 30 changed as follows ： 0.4 - 2 μm 〉 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm greater than above 53 μm. The fraction of the 0.4 - 2 μm particles increased at the offshore station, suggesting the increased contribution of the authigenic uranium. The activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phases, including the low molecular mass fraction and the colloidal fraction, was larger than unity, showing the occurrence of excess uranium-234. In contrast, the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in all size fractions of the particulate phase was close to the equilibrium value （1.0）. The observed different values of the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phase and the partic     

夏季珠江口沉积物中营养盐剖面分布和界面交换通量

通过对夏季珠江口区域沉积物间隙水营养盐剖面分析,调查了营养盐含量分布和特征,探讨了有机物的降解特性、营养盐的底部通量估算和作用.结果表明,珠江口沉积物间隙水中营养盐以高含量铵盐为主要的存在形式,沉积物中有机物的降解反应主要在厌氧状态下进行,底部水体铵盐的增加来源于底部沉积物有机质的降解释放,而且对水体的营养盐循环有较大的贡献.     

Recent progress in submarine geosciences in China

In China submarine geosciences represents a newly established discipline of oceanography, focusing on the oceanic lithosphere, and its interface with the hydrosphere and biosphere. Recently, supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program and other high-tech development projects, significant progress has been made in the development of advanced technologies and equipment. This en- ables the scientists in China to carry out explorations of the international seabed area in the Pacific Ocean and on the Southwest Indian Ridge. In addition, they have been active in the research activities associated the mid-ocean ridges and western Pacific marginal seas. It is anticipated that this research field will continue to be highly fruitful in the near future.     

湄洲湾夏季的初级生产力

湄洲湾１９９２年夏季的叶绿素ａ，三磷酸腺苷，碳比积累速率，初级生产力的变化范围和均值分别为０．４５－４．７２，１．４９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；０．１２－１．０７，０．３１μｇ／ｄｍ＾３；０．０６－０．５８，０．３４ｄ＾－１；０．０７－０．３４，０．２１ｍ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。叶绿素ａ与三磷酸腺苷之间。初级生产力与碳比积累速率之间均呈正相关关系。叶绿素ａ三磷本能腺苷的比值为４．８，湄洲湾夏季浮游植物的生长受氮不足     

Recent advances in marine technology in Canada

Much of the recent Canadian activity in marine technology has focused on development of capabilities in Arctic waters, and on the update and replacement of naval vessels. This paper describes some of the significant projects and programs now under way, and suggests future research and development requirements.     

Challenges in cross-sectoral marine protection in Europe

Marine environment protection in Europe faces a number of challenges. One is the coordination of relevant sectoral policies — such as agricultural and fisheries policies — with regard to marine protection objectives. The question in the following is on how marine protection issues can be more closely integrated in sectoral policies under the conditions prevailing at present. In particular the strength and weaknesses of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) as the key instrument for marine environment protection in Europe are analyzed in this context. In particular, the MSFD does not adequately address all sectors and policies which are relevant to marine environment protection. One possible means of giving the MSFD greater influences on other policies of relevance to marine waters is to integrate the objectives established under the MSFD in the European maritime policy. The aim should be to require the further development of sectoral policies to take unrestricted account of the objectives of the MSFD implementation process. But also other instruments of marine policy such as maritime spatial planning and marine protected areas are crucial to advance the protection of European seas.     

一氧化氮在浮游植物中的研究进展

对一氧化氮在浮游植物中的研究进展进行了归纳,总结了一氧化氮对浮游植物生长的影响,探讨了浮游植物中一氧化氮的产生机制,并对今后的研究重点提出展望。     

Seasonality in nutrient concentrations in Galveston Bay

In order to investigate factors controlling nutrient cycling in the shallow and turbid coastal ecosystem of Galveston Bay, data from: (1) the Texas Water Commission (TWC) database 1980–1989, and (2) salinity transects in 1989 and 1993 are presented and analyzed. Statistical regression and time-series analysis were carried out on data acquired by TWC between 1980 and 1989, in an attempt to establish seasonally of nutrient and chlorophyll-a (chl.-a.) concentrations in the bay and to determine factors which regulate these concentrations.A strong seasonality was found for phosphorus and chl.-a. in the upper and mid-bay stations. A recurring maximum for phosphate occurred in September and a chl.-a. maximum occurred regularly in March–April. It is hypothesized that benthic regeneration of phosphorus at the end of summer is responsible for the phosphate maximum. The inverse correlation of the partition coefficient (K_d) for phosphate with the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM), coupled to a strong enrichment of phosphate in suspended particles at low SPM concentrations, indicates additional control by geochemical and physical processes such as particle sorting and/or particle-colloid interactions. Nitrate is inversely correlated with salinity at the upper and mid-bay stations, indicating the Trinity River is a major source.Nutrient concentrations in the lower bay (East and West Bay stations) are considerably lower and less predictable, as they are not correlated with salinity or temperature. Data from the 1989 and 1993 transects confirm the yearly maximum in phosphate concentration in late summer months, with peak concentrations in the upper Trinity Bay. It is concluded that despite possible phosphate buffering by physical and geochemical mechanisms, relatively large concentration maxima recur regularly every year during the summer, possibly caused by a benthic source of phosphate.     

Mesozooplankton in the Arctic Ocean in summer

The biomass, species and chemical composition of the mesozooplankton and their impact on lower food levels were estimated along a transect across the Arctic Ocean. Mesozooplankton biomass in the upper 200 m of the water column was significantly higher (19–42 mg DW m^-3) than has previously been reported for the Arctic Ocean, and it reached a maximum at ca. 87°N in the Amundsen Basin. The lowest values were recorded in the Chukchi Sea and Nansen Basin, where ice cover was lower (50–80%) than in the central Arctic Ocean. In the deeper strata (200–500 m) of the Canadian and Eurasian Basins, the biomass was always much lower (4.35–16.44 mg DW m^-3). The C/N (g/g) ratio for the mesozooplankton population was high (6.5–8.5) but within the documented range. These high values (when compared to 4.5 at lower latitudes) may be explained by the high lipid content. Mesozooplankton accounted for approximately 40% of the total particulate organic carbon in the upper 100 m of the water column. Mesozooplankton species composition was homogeneous along the transect, consisting mainly of copepods (70–90% of the total number). It was dominated by four large copepod species (Calanus hyperboreus, C. glacialis, C. finmarchicus and Metridia longa), which together accounted for more than 80% of the total biomass. According to measurements of gut pigment and gut turnover rates, the mesozooplankton on average ingested between 6 and 30% of their body carbon per day as phytoplankton. Microzooplankton may have provided an additional source of energy for the mesozooplankton community. These data emphasize the importance of mesozooplankton in the arctic food web and reinforce the idea that the Arctic Ocean should no longer be considered to be a “biological desert”.