基于GRNN的ALI多光谱遥感数据土壤盐分反演研究

受环境变化和人类活动的双重影响,土壤盐渍化已经成为土壤退化的重要形式.及时展开土壤盐渍化研究对改善现状和预防其进一步发展具有重要意义.本文以黄河三角洲一处典型区域为研究对象,在野外光谱测量和实验室理化分析的基础上,采用广义回归神经网络(GRNN)方法建立了土壤盐分反演模型,模型的决定系数为0.855,均方根误差为0.119 9·kg-1.将GRNN模型应用到ALI反射率图像上得到土壤盐分反演分布图.结合野外调查结果发现,GRNN方法得到的土壤盐分值的空间分布结果与实际情况一致.     

ALI遥感数据的岩矿反射率反演方法研究

岩矿反射率反演是遥感蚀变信息提取中最基础、最关键的一个过程。本介绍了卫星EO-1携带的先进陆地成像仪(ALI)为及其定标方式,分析了两种重要的岩矿反射率反演方法:表观反射率的计算和地表真实反射率的反演。通过分析表明:表观反射率实现关键是参数的获取,地表真实反射率反演关键是模型的选择和参数设置。就反演效果来说,基于大气辐射传输的FLAASH模型优于公式计算的表观反射率,这对应用遥感数据进行岩矿蚀变信息提取的研究人员有一定的参考价值。     

新疆哈密三种典型蚀变矿物的HyMap高光谱遥感信息提取

利用机载的可见光、近红外及短波红外成像光谱(ＨyMap)数据,对新疆哈密地区岩矿信息识别方法进行研究。基于方解石、 绿泥石和绢云母3种常见蚀变矿物的光谱特征,在遥感数据定标和反射率图像转换的基础上,应用光谱角度模型（SAM）分类法进行自 动匹配识别和信息提取。通过掩膜技术进行方解石、绿泥石和绢云母矿物填图,并结合实验室光谱数据库光谱进行了验证。     

遥感技术预测油气勘探靶区

应用遥感技术预测油气勘探靶区具有低成本、高效率的特点。目前有直接和间接两种油气遥感方法用于预测油气勘探靶区。简单介绍了这两种方法的原理,重点对遥感影像中的线-环影像构造异常和烃渗漏异常所表现的特征进行了全面总结,最后对遥感技术在预测油气勘探靶区的应用前景进行了展望。     

遥感技术预测油气勘探靶区

应用遥感技术预测油气勘探靶区具有低成本、高效率的特点。目前有直接和间接两种油气遥感方法用于预测油气勘探靶区。本文简单介绍了这两种方法的原理，重点对遥感影像中的线-环影像构造异常和烃渗漏异常所表现的特征进行了全面的总结，最后对遥感技术在预测油气勘探靶区的应用前景进行了展望。     

柴达木盆地烃蚀变矿物高光谱遥感识别研究

高光谱遥感识别烃蚀变矿物可用于探测油气烃类微渗漏和定位地下油气藏.以有天然气分布的柴达木盆地东部三湖地区为研究区,对Hyperion高光谱数据进行重采样处理,克服了目标识别矿物不明显和传感器低信噪比的影响.通过确定烃蚀变矿物高光谱遥感探测的指示标志,采用线性光谱(SAM)拟合与光谱匹配(SAM)相结合的方法确定了影像端元对应的矿物组分.识别结果表明,合理缩减影像波段数和确定影像端元的方法,能有效提高烃蚀变矿物的高光谱遥感识别精度.     

基于TASI发射率数据的层状硅酸盐蚀变矿物提取识别

层状硅酸盐矿物光谱曲线特征具有较大相似性,在以往可见光-近红外遥感中的区分提取难度较大。本文采用的加拿大先进的热红外航空成像光谱仪(Thermal Airborne Hyperspectral Imager,简称TASI),可获取具有高分辨率的热红外高光谱数据。基于TASI数据并利用热红外波段的发射率光谱可探测出矿物Si-O键振动特征的优势,可做到矿物亚类的区分识别和矿物丰度信息的提取,使硅酸盐矿物亚类中的层状硅酸盐矿物区分提取的精确性得以提高。本文对甘肃北山柳园工作区进行了基于发射率光谱特征的层状硅酸盐蚀变矿物提取实验。通过分析从图像获取的端元光谱曲线特征,并与ASU光谱库标准光谱曲线进行对比,确定目标端元,成功区分出了绿泥石、高岭石等层状硅酸盐矿物,经野外实地验证后,确认所提取信息精确性较高。     

基于ArcEngine的油气专题制图系统设计与实现

为进一步提升国土资源管理工作数字化水平,及时反映全国各石油公司矿区管理现状和各类油气资源勘查开采成果,按照国土资源部油气中心对自动化制图的具体需求,在深入研究ArcEngine功能和特点的基础上,提出一种基于ArcGIS平台的石油天然气专题自动制图系统的设计方案,利用油气矿权区块空间位置信息、地理底图、制图模板以及当前油气资源各类属性信息,制作油气管理专题地图。经运行测试,制图效果美观科学,系统操作简洁流畅,全面满足石油天然气专题制图要求,实现"以图管矿"。     

基于MODIS数据的中国陆面制图：方法软件和数据产品

本文介绍一个自动处理MODIS 1B数据并生产覆盖全中国陆面产品的软件系统。该算法改进了LAI（MOD15）,土地覆被分类（MOD12）,云检测（MOD35）,陆面反射率（MOD09）和气溶胶（MOD04）产品。这些算法的输入数据都是本地获取的参数,能够有效降低其带来的不确定性。产生的部分新产品是NASA标准产品中没有的,包括森林火烧迹地和PAR。数据处理系统运行于中国科学院资源与环境数据中心。     

PRINCIPLES OF MAPPING THE SOIL-VEGETATION STRUCTURE IN WEST SIBERIA BASED ON REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

Procedures for mapping the soil-vegetation structure of West Siberia on the basis of remote sensing images are described. Four principal stages are involved: interpretation of individual structures on the images; determination of the functions of the interpreted structures; classification of soil-vegetation structures; and mapping of the territory by types of soil-vegetation structures (micro-, meso- and microstructures). Particular attention is given to detection of soil-vegetation hydromorphism using remote sensing imagry, important in the swampy Western Siberian environment, and the special problems related to image scale. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1990, No. 1, pp. 138–145.     

MAPPING THE DYNAMICS OF COMPLEX ECOSYSTEMS BASED ON SEQUENTIAL REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

A quantitative method for mapping the contemporary dynamics of ecosystems is described. Particular reference is to the mapping of the desertification of complex ecosystems of the lower reaches of the Amudar'ya using a time series of four surveys. The types of ecological transitions identified from remote sensing imagery and their frequencies are described. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, seriya geograficheskaya, 1994, No. 5, pp. 112-122.     

THE STUDY AND MAPPING OF HUMAN IMPACTS ON NATURE IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE USSR USING SPACE IMAGERY

The authors present the results of experiments in the use of remote sensing imagery for construction of maps depicting human modification of nature. Four diverse areas within the USSR were selected as mapping sites, providing a broad range of environmental and land-use characteristics for investigation. Human impacts were most effectively mapped for two desert sites. The authors recommend combining satellite imagery with terrestrial spectrometric observations or color-infrared photography in investigations of environmental change in steppeland and forested territory. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1984, No. 6, pp. 11-18.     

USE OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN MULTIPURPOSE MAPPING

This paper focuses on remote sensing's role in support of diverse mapping tasks, including those of interest to soil scientists (land use, soil, and botanical mapping). It analyzes new opportunities and challenges provided by remote sensing imagery with respect to map compilation and revision: the interdisciplinary yet goal-oriented character of map themes, the large stock of data to be processed systematically for coherent information yield, the numerous linkages of map elements to be represented on a series of closely interrelated maps, and the need for standardization and a unified approach to map design and symbolization. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvo-vedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 16-21.     

THE POTENTIAL OF NIGHTTIME SPACE IMAGERY IN ANALYSIS AND MAPPING OF URBAN SETTLEMENT

A procedure is described for the use of nighttime space imagery in the mapping of an urban settlement hierarchy in the Federal Republic of Germany. City “brightness” values provide surrogate measures of urban settlement density, which are then mapped isarithmically. The resulting statistical surface is then divided into regions (first- and second-order settlement systems), and the map compared with one produced by quantitative (cluster analysis) techniques. The two regionalization schemes produce remarkably similar results, although the map compiled from the space image contained a greater number of regions, and was more detailed in other ways. Translated from: Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta, seriya geografiches-kaya, 1984, No. 6, pp. 112-114.     

基于MODIS 数据的悬浮泥沙定量遥感方法

以黄海及东海海域为对象,研究用MOD IS数据提取我国海域悬浮泥沙时空分布的定量遥感方法,建立了基于MOD IS数据的悬浮泥沙定量遥感实用模式。研究表明,用250 m和1 000 m分辨率的MOD IS数据进行悬浮泥沙浓度的定量遥感,可以达到实际应用的精度要求。这说明,MOD IS数据是研究近岸水体中悬浮物输运变化规律的一种经济实用数据源。     

DIGITAL PROCESSING OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN SOIL MAPPING

The authors describe strategies for the utilization of digital image processing in the compilation of soil maps at scales of 1:1,000,000 and 1:25,000 for the trans-Volga region of Russia. Particular attention is devoted to an exploration of the effects of variations in soil humus content, texture, and degree of erosion upon spectral brightness coefficients. Results of the mapping demonstrate the promise of digital image processing in the differentiation of a number of chernozem soil subtypes. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvovedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 214–225.