Geomagnetic polarity measurements from pleistocene deposits in southwest France and their chronological implications

Measurements of palaeomagnetic inclination in sediments from the French Pays Basque, representing three of the major Pleistocene biostratigraphic subdivisions previously identified, confirm normal polarity in all cases. Taken together with the palaeobotanical, stratigraphic and geomorphological evidence they suggest that the Moulignan, Senixian and Ilbarritzian stages lie within the early part of the present Brunhes normal polarity epoch and probably correlate with some unknown part of the “Cromerian Complex”. The Bidartian is thought to lie within a normal polarity event during the Matuyama epoch and to correlate with part of the Tiglian ‘A’ sub-stage of the Netherlands.     

Magnetostratigraphy of the late Cenozoic of the Boso Peninsula, central Japan

Marine Pliocene and Pleistocene beds of the Boso Peninsula are more than 3 km thick and contain abundant fauna and flora. Almost continuous deposition occurred at a high sedimentation rate from the early part of the last reversed geomagnetic polarity epoch to the middle part of the last normal polarity epoch. Several microbiostratigraphic marker horizons enable correlation with deep-sea sediments fully independent of magnetostratigraphic zonation. Globorotalia truncatulinoides first occurs below the normal polarity event BO-B-2, which is correlated with the Olduvai Event in deep-sea sediments, whereas the disappearance of discoasters and the first occurrence of Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica are recognized at the top of BO-B-2, and the first occurrence of Gephyrocapsa oceanica is recognized at the top of BO-B-1. Based on the correlation of the Boso section with Mediterranean stage stratotype sections, the transition from the Pliocene to Pleistocene is estimated to be in the lower part of the Kazusa Group.     

塔里木盆地周缘库车组、西域组磁性地层学初步划分

作者用磁性地层方法研究了塔里木盆地周缘库车组西域组地层。结果表明:库车组记录了吉尔伯特（Gilbert）负极性带,年龄为3.40～5.30Ma,其中显示了柯奇蒂（Cochiti）正极性亚带（3.80～3.90）,努尼瓦克（Nunivak）正极性亚带（4.05～4.20Ma）、西杜夫加尔（Sidufjal）正极性亚带（4.32～4.47Ma）及思维拉（Thvera）正极性亚带（4.85～5.00Ma）。下西域组记录了高斯（Gauss）正极性带,所龄为2.48～3.40Ma。其中包括凯纳（Kaena）负极性亚带（2.92～3.01Ma）与马莫斯（Mammoth）负极性亚带（3.05～3.15Ｍａ）。上西域组记录了松山（Matuyama）负极性带下段,年龄为1.50～2.48Ma。其中包括留尼昂（Reunion）正极性亚带（2.12～2.15Ma）与奥尔都维（Olduvai）正极性亚带（1.67～1.87）Ma）。根据上述古地磁资料,作者将库车组划为下上新统（N1 ₂ｋ）,年龄为3.40～5.30Ｍａ。下西域组划为上上新统（N2 ₂ｘ）,年龄为2.48～3.40Ma。上西域组划为下下更新统（Q1 ₁）,年龄为1.50～2.48 Ma 。作者认为由于印度板块向欧亚板块的俯冲造成塔里木盆地周缘山系的迅速抬升 ,形成高大山系的时代为上新世初期 ,大约 5.30 Ma 。     

长江三角洲北翼J9孔揭示地层和古地磁特征

长江三角洲北翼地区缺少较长尺度的第四纪海陆变迁及环境演变的深入探讨,深达423m的海安县基岩标J9孔为此提供了较好的研究对象。通过观察该孔松散层岩心,总结其沉积特征,认为岩心可明显地划分为6个特征岩性段。同时,地层古地磁测试结果显示:0～200m为布容正极性世,200～334m为松山负极性世,334m以下为高斯正极性世。综合分析岩心沉积特征并参考古地磁测试结果对地层进行了初步划分,认为:0～39m为全新世地层,39～153m为晚更新世地层,153～200m为中更新世地层,200-334m为早更新世地层,之下为新近纪地层。地层中存在晚更新世晚期特征的硬粘土标志层,指示本地不是冰后期古河谷的发育地。     

Magnetostratigraphic correlations of Permian–Triassic marine-to-terrestrial sections from China

We have studied three Permian–Triassic (PT) localities from China as part of a combined magnetostratigraphic, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and U–Pb radioisotopic, and biostratigraphic study aimed at resolving the temporal relations between terrestrial and marine records across the Permo-Triassic boundary, as well as the rate of the biotic recovery in the Early Triassic. The studied sections from Shangsi (Sichuan Province), Langdai (Guihzou Province), and the Junggar basin (Xinjiang Province), span marine, paralic, and terrestrial PT environments, respectively. Each of these sections was logged in detail in order to place geochronologic, paleomagnetic, geochemical, conodont and palynologic samples within a common stratigraphic context. Here we present rock-magnetic, paleomagnetic and magnetostratigraphic results from the three localities.At Shangsi, northern Sichuan Province, we sampled three sections spanning Permo-Triassic marine carbonates. Magnetostratigraphic results from the three sections indicate that the composite section contains at least eight polarity chrons and that the PT boundary occurs within a normal polarity chron a short distance above the mass extinction level and a reversed-to-normal (R-N) polarity reversal. Furthermore, the onset of the Illawarra mixed interval lies below the sampled section indicating that the uppermost Permian Changhsingian and at least part of the Wuchiapingian stages postdate the end of the Kiaman Permo-Carboniferous Reversed Superchron.At Langdai, Guizhou Province, we studied magnetostratigraphy of PT paralic mudstone and carbonate sediments in two sections. The composite section spans an R-N polarity sequence. Section-mean directions pass a fold test at the 95% confidence level, and the section-mean poles are close to the mean PT pole for the South China block. Based on biostratigraphic constraints, the R-N transition recorded at Langdai is consistent with that at Shangsi and demonstrates that the PT boundary occurred within a normal polarity chron a short distance above the mass extinction level.In the southern Junggar basin, Xinjiang Province, in northwest China, we determined the magnetostratigraphy of three sections of a terrestrial sequence. Normal and reversed polarity directions are roughly antipodal, and magnetostratigraphies from the three sections are highly consistent. Combined bio- and magneto-stratigraphy used to correlate this sequence to other PT sequences suggests that the previously-proposed biostratigraphic PT boundary in the Junggar sections was most likely misplaced by earlier workers suggesting that further work is necessary to confidently place the PT boundary there.     

龙门山地区关口断裂形成与演化分析

根据大量野外露头剖面资料与钻井数据,系统分析了关口断裂形成过程与演化特征。认为关口断裂在印支早、中期为张性大力构造背景下形成的同沉积正断层,在晚三叠世卡尼克期为生长性正断层;印支晚期构造事件中该断裂改变为逆冲断层。关口断裂活动性较强,其中在燕山晚期活动性最强。关口断裂在喜马拉雅期有多期次的、长时期的强烈活动;并且目前仍是一条活动性的断层。     

Boreal-tethyan correlation of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary interval by magneto- and biostratigraphy

As a result of detail sampling and paleomagnetic study of the 27-m-thick section of Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary beds in the Nordvik Peninsula (Anabar Bay, Laptev Sea), a succession of M-zones correlative with chrons M20n-M17r is established for the first time in the Boreal deposits. Inside the normal polarity zone corresponding to Chron M20n, a thin interval of reversed polarity, presumably an equivalent of the Kysuca Subzone (M20n.1r), is discovered. The other thin interval of reversed polarity established within the next normal polarity zone (M19n) is correlated with the Brodno Subzone (M19n.1r). The same succession of normal and reversed polarity zones has been discovered recently in the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary beds of the Tethyan sections: in the Bosso Valley (Italy), at the Brodno (Slovak Republic) and Puerto Escaño (Spain) sites. Correlation of successions established lead us to conclusion, that the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary corresponds in the Panboreal Superrealm to a level within the Craspedites taimyrensis Zone of the upper Volgian Substage. Hence, the greatest part of Volgian Stage should be included into the Jurassic System. Biostratigraphic data do not contradict this conclusion.     

The Permian–Triassic boundary in the Central European Basin: magnetostratigraphic constraints

Some stratigraphic interpretations concerning correlation of the Permian–Triasssic transition beds from the Central European, Boreal and Tethyan Basins are inconsistent with the existing magnetostratigraphic data. In addition, the suggestion that the Permian–Triassic boundary is located in the lower part of the Calvörde Formation of the Central European Basin cannot be supported by magnetostratigraphic data. Results of magnetostratigraphic correlation show that in the Polish part of the Central European Basin the Permian–Triassic boundary is close to the boundary between the uppermost Zechstein and the Lower Buntsandstein. It is located within the reversed magnetozone ‘PZr1’ identified in the upper part of the Rewal Formation. In the German part of the Central European Basin the Permian–Triassic boundary can be located within the reversed magnetozone ‘zrz’ that covers most of the Bröckelschiefer. A higher stratigraphic location of this boundatry, i.e. inside the lowermost Buntsandstein, requires a reversed polarity record to be found within the basal Triassic normal polarity zone.     

黄土高原黄土、红色粘土与古湖盆沉积物关系

本文通过磁性地层学、古生物地层学、沉积学的对比研究，讨论了中国黄土高原地区黄土，红色粘土与该区重要古湖盆之一，古三门湖堆积物之间关系，并分析气候环境对它们的影响。主要结论如下：１）红色粘土与上覆黄土可以是连续沉积，并呈相渐变关系。２）中国黄土与三门组记录了布容正极性带与松山负极性带。Ｂ／Ｍ界限位于Ｌ８，Ｊ亚带位于标志层Ｌ９与Ｌ１５之间，大约Ｓ１０－Ｓ１３之间，Ｏ亚带位于Ｓ２２－Ｓ３３，或三门组之中。Ｍ／Ｇａ界限对应于黄土与红土界限。并基本对应于三门组与游河组界限。３）红色粘土（三趾马红粘土）并非仅仅是中新世保德期沉积物。它包括上新统与中新统，上新世静乐组记录了高斯正极性带，吉尔伯特负极性带，中新世蓝田组记录了Ｅｐｏｃｈ５。４）古三门湖堆积包括早更新世早期三门组（１．２０—２．５０Ｍａ，松山负极性带），上新世晚期游河组（２．５０—３．５０Ｍａ，高斯正极性带），更早期的三门湖沉积未出露。三门组与午域黄土为同期异相沉积，记录了松山负极性带，游河组则与该区上部红色粘土（静乐组上段）为同期异相沉积，记录了高斯正极性带     

Paleomagnetism and magnetostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary intervals,southern Kulunda basin (West Siberia)

The study presents new paleomagnetic data on the Upper Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary intervals of the southern Kulunda basin (Alei area), which were obtained from core samples collected from a 305-m-thick section penetrated in two wells. The paleomagnetic sections of each well were compiled and correlated based on the characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM). Paleomagnetic, geological, stratigraphic, and paleontological data were used to compile the Upper Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene magnetostratigraphic section of the southern Kulunda basin. The magnetostratigraphic section consists of five magnetozones, one normal polarity zone, and four reversed polarity zones spanning the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Paleogene. The lower part of the Gan’kino Horizon, showing normal polarity, forms a single normal polarity magnetozone N. The upper part of the Gan’kino Horizon comprises two reversed polarity magnetozones (R₁km and R₂mt). The Talitsa and Lyulinvor Formations of Lower Paleogene age correspond to two reversed polarity magnetozones (R₁zl and R₂i). The compiled Upper Cretaceous and Lower Paleogene magnetostratigraphic section was correlated with the geomagnetic polarity time scale. Two options were considered for correlating the lower normal polarity part of the section with geomagnetic polarity time scale of Gradstein.     

北京平原区南部PGZ01孔第四纪地层划分及其环境意义*

对北京平原区南部大兴榆垡镇420m 深的PGZ01孔岩心进行了岩石地层、磁性地层、¹⁴C测年、介形类组合和孢粉组合研究。结果表明:(1)Matuyama(松山)/Gauss(高斯)和Brunhes(布容)/Matuyama(松山)极性界线分别位于280m和78.35m处,钻孔底部已经进入Gauss正极性带;取280m处Matuyama/Gauss极性界线作为第四系下限,显示可能的永定河泥石流-冲积扇在第四纪之前即到达了北京平原南部,但是华北平原上新统标志岩石地层单元--厚层棕红色黏土在Olduvai(奥尔都维)极性亚带之上即已出现。(2)结合AMS¹⁴C测年,尝试将约60m以上地层的氧化-还原状况,与对古季风影响反映灵敏的沿海平原钻孔同样深度地层进行对比,继而确定上更新统和全新统的底界深度分别位于56.60m和18.95m。(3)MIS5(海洋同位素阶段)以来的特征沉积物,与沿海平原钻孔地层有很好的可比性,同时也有8~4ka期间史前大洪水的影响。本研究为廊(坊)固(安)凹陷西北边缘区第四纪地层划分对比、古地理环境演化、活动断裂以及区域差异构造沉降研究,提供了重要的年代地层格架,对理解晚更新世以来古季风变化的环境效应有重要的启迪。     

Magnetostratigraphy of the Middle–Upper Cambrian Verkhnyaya Lena Group and Lower Ordovician Ust-Kut formation in the southern Siberian Platform

The available paleomagnetic data on the Verkhnyaya Lena Group from different areas of the southern Siberian Platform are revised. The group rests unconformably upon the Lower Cambrian strata and is overlain by Lower Ordovician rocks, which determines conditionally the age of its red-colored deposits. Paleomagnetic correlation of composite sections through the region using defined zones of normal and reversed magnetic polarity serves as a basis for development of the magnetostratigraphic scale for the Verkhnyaya Lena Group. The scale includes nine magnetic zones, which play the role of markers; seven of them are traceable in all the examined sections of the southern Siberian Platform. By the distribution of zones with normal (N) and reversed (R) polarity, the magnetostratigraphic scale is subdivided into three parts. Its lower part is represented by reversed polarity, which is characteristic of the second half of the Lower Cambrian. The middle part is characterized by frequently alternating zones with normal and reversed polarity corresponding to the Middle Cambrian. The upper part of the scale corresponds to the interval of reversed polarity characteristic of the Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician. The Middle–Upper Cambrian boundary is located near the last N–R reversal of the geomagnetic field in the Cambrian. The magnetostratigraphic scale includes nine orthozones united into three superzones, which are attributed to two hyperzones of magnetic polarity.     

新疆吉木萨尔大龙口非海相二叠系—三叠系界线层段古地磁特征

通过对吉木萨尔县大龙口非海相二叠系-三叠系界线上下地层磁性特征的研究,在梧桐沟组-锅底坑组共发现78个极性异常,其中以负极性为主,间隔了一系列的正极性和过渡极性.梧桐沟组上部以负极性为主,间隔了2个正极性和过渡极性.这可与巴基斯坦盐岭和四川广元上寺的大隆组下部对比,即相当于Da段.梧桐沟组顶部和锅底坑组底部,正、负极性变化频繁,极性特征可与巴基斯坦盐岭和四川广元上寺大隆组中部对比,即相当于Db段.锅底坑组下部以负极性为主,间隔了2个正极性段,可与四川广元上寺大隆组中上部对比,即相当于Dc段.锅底坑组中下部以负极性为主,上部夹1个正极性段,可与四川广元上寺大隆组上部磁性特征对比,即相当于Dd段.锅底坑组中上部以负极性为主,间隔了4个正极性段,可与四川广元上寺飞仙关组下部对比,即相当于Fa段.根据磁性段的划分对比,将二叠系三叠系界线置于Fa和Dd之间,即本次研究测制剖面的41层和42层之间.根据各岩组的古地磁特征求得岩组形成时的古地磁极:梧桐沟组79.1°N,238.1°;锅底坑组72.3°N,322.2°;下三叠统77.5°N,320.8°.古纬度基本一致,为32°～35°N.     

Paleomagnetic and palynologic analyses of Albian to Santonian strata at Bayn Shireh, Burkhant, and Khuren Dukh, eastern Gobi Desert, Mongolia

Cretaceous terrestrial sediments deposited in a series of intracratonic basins across the Gobi Desert region of southern Mongolia and northern China contain a unique and diverse vertebrate fauna. In 1996 an expedition jointly sponsored by the Mongolian Paleontological Center and the Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences revisited a number of famous vertebrate fossil localities in the eastern Gobi region of Mongolia and, as part of a broad geological and paleontological study, collected a series of paleomagnetic samples from measured sections at Bayn Shireh, Burkhant and Khuren Dukh, as well as from an unmeasured locality adjacent to Khuren Dukh. Expedition members also collected palynologic samples from Khuren Dukh and the adjacent locality. Paleomagnetic analysis shows that all the sites from which samples were collected display detrital remnant magnetization that is consistently normal in polarity. The measured Cretaceous magnetic directions are oriented to the east or northeast of the present day expected direction (declination 356.2°, inclination 65.2°), and they are wholly concordant with that expected for a mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere sampling locality, and with the directions for this period reported by other workers. These results, when considered in tandem with the known biostratigraphy, strongly suggest that the sedimentary deposits at all four localities in the eastern Gobi correlate to the normal polarity chron 34 (the Cretaceous Long Normal), which ranges in age from approximately 121 to 83.5 million years. Previous vertebrate, invertebrate and palynological data from Khuren Dukh suggest that the lower and middle parts of the stratigraphic interval exposed there (which have been assigned to the Shinekhudag Formation) are ‘Khukhtekian’ in age and correspond to the Aptian–Albian interval that can be broadly correlated to the older, Early Cretaceous part of the Cretaceous Long Normal, C34n. New palynologic data presented here indicate that these strata are no older than middle to late Albian. The rocks at Bayn Shireh (the Bayn Shireh Formation) have been assigned a ‘Baynshirenian’ biostratigraphic age that may range from Cenomanian to early Campanian. The magnetostratigraphy results presented here indicate that the strata at both the Bayn Shireh and Burkhant localities do not cross the Santonian/Campanian Stage boundary, however, as this is believed to lie at, or very near, the C34n/C33r reversal boundary. Thus, the Bayn Shireh Formation was most likely deposited near the end of the Cretaceous Long Normal Interval, no later than the latest Santonian.     

辽西朝阳地区含鸟化石层附近侏罗—白垩系磁性地层研究

本文通过对辽西朝阳地区含鸟化石层附近侏罗-白垩系蓝旗组、土城子组、义县组地层共1252块古地磁样吕的测试与分析，建立了以上沉积地层的磁极性序列，发现蓝旗组、土城子组地层的磁极性序列具有频繁的正、反极性、而义县组则为单一正极性，结合现有古生物和同位素年龄资料，对比国际中生代地磁极性年表，表明土城子组的磁极性序列相当于提塘期、基末里期、牛津期和卡洛期，其主体的地质时代应属晚侏罗世（J3），土城子组底部的地质时代应属中侏罗世（J2)；并且根据义县组含鸟化石层以上层位的磁性地层研究结果，认为义县组含鸟化石的正极性带可与M16正极性时相对应，义县组含鸟类化石层的时代应属早白垩世早期，辽西白垩系/侏罗系界线很有可能位于义县组/土城子组之间。     

New data on the magnetostratigraphy of the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary interval,Nordvik Peninsula (northern East Siberia)

The results of this study were used to identify a reversed polarity magnetozone, referred to as M17r, in Berriasian sections of the Nordvik Peninsula (northern East Siberia) within the normal polarity magnetozone (M18n) from previous studies. The new magnetozone embraces the Volgian–Ryazanian boundary (Chetaites chetae/C. sibiricus zonal boundary). It was also found that the former magnetozone M17r at Nordvik, which includes the C. sibiricus/Hectoroceras kochi zonal boundary should correspond to magnetozone M16r. Using magnetostratigraphic and biostratigraphic criteria proves that the Boreal C. sibiricus Zone is correlated with at least the major part of the Tethyan Tirnovella occitanica Zone, and the Boreal H. kochi Zone is correlated with the lower part of the Malbosiceras paramimounum Subzone of the Tethyan Fauriella boissieri Zone.     

山西天池煤矿构造特征及其形成机制

基于天池煤矿地质勘探资料,结合区域构造背景研究了矿井地质构造特征及形成机制。天池煤矿构造属简单构造,地层总体呈走向北东、倾向北西的单斜构造,矿井内褶皱发育程度较低,断层以正断层为主,其次为低角度逆掩断层。陷落柱分布较为杂乱,成群出现,常见于褶皱轴部。自三叠纪末期开始一直受到区域构造活动的控制作用,印支期受SN向的挤压,形成了一些近EW向的构造;燕山期经历两期NWW--SEE向挤压使井田内地层及煤层主体呈NE走向;喜山早期的NE—SW向挤压,导致NE向断层的性质发生转变;上新世开始表现为区域上的伸展作用。     

中国北方陆相沉积5.30Ma磁性地层序列

本文通过中国北方新第三纪晚期典型剖面的磁性地层研究,建立５．３０Ｍａ以来中国北方陆相沉积积磁性地层序列。中国黄土记录了Ｂｒｕｎｈｅｓ正极性带与Ｍａｔｕｙａｍａ负极性带,年龄约２．５０Ｍａ。静乐红土（包括静乐剖面,榆林剖面,蓝田剖面）对应于Ｇａｕｓｓ正极性带与Ｇｉｌｂｅｒｔ负极性带,年龄约２．５０￣５．３０Ｍａ。三门组记录了Ｍａｔｕｙａｍａ负极性带下段,年龄约１．２０￣２．５０Ｍａ。游河组记录了Ｇａ     

二叠系长兴阶全球界线层型剖面和点位

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