共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
在研究磁力线脚点缓慢运动引起的无力场的准静演化时,考虑等离子体运动对演化的影响是非常重要的。本文以基本的MHD方程为依据,给出一种二维无力场进行小扰动准静演化时求等离子体位移的方法,并对一个二维无力磁拱模型的脚点运动引起的无力场演化和等离子体运动进行了具体的研究。 相似文献
2.
着重评述了含激波吸积理论的发展历史和研究现状,介绍了在伪牛顿势以及严格广义和相论框架下,对等温和绝热两种不贩流体模型中可能发生的R-H激波,等温激波等各种不同激波的解析和数值模拟研究,包括激波发生的参数空间,不同流体参数下激波发生的位置,强度以和的能量。 相似文献
3.
4.
本文用两种介质以相对论的速度相互碰撞的模式,根据相对论理想流体的激波理论,详细计算了射电子源形成初期的主要参数,包括分离速度和激波传播速度.对热斑从星系内过渡到星系际空间准稳定状态的演化过程作了定性的一般讨论.然后用强激波关系对准稳态子源的有关参数进行了近似计算.所得结果与观测数据大体相符. 相似文献
5.
6.
本文用柱面活塞驱动过程模拟环状日冕瞬变现象。用特征线法数值研究在太阳引力作用下活塞的运动过程,得出了符合活塞运动条件及联结条件的等离子体密度分布、流速分布及激波特征。活塞驱动理论所得结果在形态、运动学、动力学及演化方面均与观测一致。 相似文献
7.
在相对论性情况下,从等离子体纵介电常数出发,推导出无磁化、无碰撞、各向同性的快电子分布等离子体纵振荡的色散方程.对纵振荡的色散方程进行解析分析,得到长波支和短波支的色散关系.由于解析色散曲线的不连续性,直接对无量纲化的纵振荡色散方程进行数值计算,得到相对论性快电子分布等离子体纵振荡完整的色散曲线.对数值结果进行拟合,得到简单的色散函数表述以便于应用.并在极端相对论条件下,将这种分布与经典Maxwell分布的色散关系进行比较,得出两种分布情况下纵振荡的色散关系在一定的波数范围内有类似的性质. 相似文献
8.
着重评述了含激波吸积理论的发展历史和研究现状, 介绍了在伪牛顿势以及严格广义相对论框架下, 对等温和绝热两种不同的流体模型中可能发生的R- H 激波、等温激波等各种不同激波的解析和数值模拟研究, 包括激波发生的参数空间、不同流体参数( 比能量和比角动量) 下激波发生的位置、强度以及耗散的能量。这些研究结果表明, 在理想流体近似下, 黑洞吸积流中必定会产生激波。此外, 还介绍了含激波吸积理论在活动星系核方面的应用。对黑洞吸积理论简单讨论, 评述了含激波吸积理论与ADAF 吸积理论的关系, 着重评述了目前对于ADAF 中是否会发生激波这一存在很大争议的问题。 相似文献
9.
基于磁流体力学模拟的太阳高能粒子物理模式研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
太阳高能粒子(SEP)事件是一类重要的空间天气灾害性事件,其数值预报研究在空间天气预报研究中占有很重要的地位。SEP事件主要包括3种类型:与太阳耀斑爆发相关联的脉冲型事件,与日冕物质抛射驱动的激波相关联的缓变型事件,以及同时具有缓变型和脉冲型事件特征的混合型事件。其中,缓变型SEP事件持续时间较长并且高能粒子强度较大,对这类事件的模拟是当前研究的难点。目前针对缓变型SEP事件的模拟工作业已发展了多个理论和数值模型。每个模型都对SEP加速和传播的复杂过程作了基本的假设,这些模型的模拟结果能够部分重现观测到的SEP事件特征。而若要提高预报SEP事件的能力,则需要将描述三维日冕物质抛射驱动的激波模型与描述高能粒子在行星际空间中的加速和传输的模型耦合起来,建立基于接近真实的SEP加速和传播的三维太阳风背景模拟及以激波参数为输入的SEP模型。主要回顾了缓变型SEP事件中粒子的加速和传输方面的研究进展,以及可用于获取CME激波传播参数的磁流体力学太阳风模型研究现状;综述了缓变型SEP事件的激波一粒子模型(shock-and-particle model);最后对未来工作进行了讨论和展望。 相似文献
10.
Balmer发射线是研究星际无碰撞激波物理性质的重要途径之一.星际无碰撞激波的Balmer发射线包括宽线和窄线两个明显的成分.通常认为,这种双线成分是与激波联系在一起的,宽线产生于激波前慢中性粒子与激波后高能质子的电荷交换,反映了激波后粒子的热运动状况,而窄线则产生于激波前慢中性粒子的激发,反映了激波前粒子的热运动状况.但是,近来更细致的观测和理论计算表明,超新星遗迹中Balmer发射线的双线结构很可能还要受到其他因素的影响,并且与激波速度和电子-质子的热平衡有着密切的关系.该文将讨论影响Balmer双线结构的各种因素,并讨论Balmer双线结构在超新星遗迹研究中的一些应用. 相似文献
11.
12.
Petr Hellinger 《Planetary and Space Science》2003,51(11):649-657
This paper presents an overview of numerical simulation studies of fast collisionless shocks and compares these simulation results with observations of the Earth's bow shock and theoretical works. Especially, we review the structure and stationarity of the supercritical quasi-perpendicular shocks. In situ observations indicate that these shocks are generally quasi-stationary whereas full particle simulations as well as hybrid simulations often present a strong nonstationary behavior, a shock self-reformation. The simulation results, along with theoretical and observational works, suggest that the classical models of the quasi-stationary structure generated by reflected protons or by dispersive whistlers are not generally applicable for the supercritical quasi-perpendicular shocks and other phenomena are to be included into the model to ensure the observed quasi-stationarity: The role of a small scale turbulence and shock ripples is investigated. The downstream turbulence and the electron dynamics in the quasi-perpendicular shocks are also discussed. 相似文献
13.
V. I. Sotnikov H. Ruhl R. Presura T. Cowan J. N. Leboeuf P. Hellinger P. Travnicek 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,298(1-2):369-374
The problem of producing collisionless shocks in the laboratory is of great interest for space and astrophysical plasmas.
One approach is based on the idea of combining strong magnetic field (up to 100 Tesla) created during a Z-pinch discharge
with a plasma flow produced in the process of the interaction of a laser pulse with a solid target. In support of laboratory
experiments we present hybrid simulations of the interaction of the plasma flow with frozen in it magnetic field, with the
spherical obstacle. Parameters of the flow correspond to a laser plasma ablation produced in the laboratory during irradiation
of the target by a 3 J laser. Magnetic fields in the plasma flow and around the obstacle are created by the currents produced
by the pulse power ZEBRA voltage generator. With the appropriate set of initial conditions imposed on the flow collisionless
shocks can be created in such a system. Using independent generators for plasma flow and magnetic field allows for the exploration
of a wide range of shock parameters. We present simulations of the formation of supercritical collisionless shock relevant
to the experiment, performed with the 2D version of the hybrid code based on the CAM-CL algorithm [Planet. Space Sci. 51,
649, 2003]. 相似文献
14.
Cylindrical Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers (cKdVB) equation for magnetoacoustic wave is derived for dissipative magneto plasmas. Two fluid collisionless electromagnetic model is considered and reductive perturbation method is employed to study the propagation of magnetoacoustic shock waves in cylindrical geometry. Two level finite difference method is employed by using Runge-Kutta method to solve cKdVB equation numerically. The effects of nonplanar geometry, plasma density, magnetic field strength, temperature dependence and kinematic viscosity on magnetoacoustic shocks are investigated. The numerical results are also presented for illustration. 相似文献
15.
J. C. Raymond 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1995,233(1-2):231-237
Fairly simple models can explain the emission from non-radiative shock waves in supernova remnants. This talk reviews some of the more robust diagnostics of shock parameters and some of the implications for the physics of collisionless shock waves in interstellar gas. The Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope observed several non-radiative shocks during the ASTRO-2 mission, and the spectra have interesting implications for the physics of collisionless shocks. 相似文献
16.
The structure of collisionless shocks propagating parallel to the magnetic field is discussed in the case of a large ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure. The theory makes use of the basic ideas of Kennel and Sagdeev and it is shown that their shock model is to be interpreted in terms of relaxation shocks. The calculations are based on a purely macroscopic set of equations including finite Larmor radius effects. The resulting shock structure is determined both in a quasilinear WKB-type approximation and through a direct numerical integration of the basic non-linear equations. The results from both methods agree fairly well, although the level of the turbulence is high. It is argued that strong parallel shocks have a double structure, where the main transition is followed by a broad relaxation wave. It is suggested that the magnetosheath should be considered as the relaxation zone of the Earth's bow shock. 相似文献
17.
K.-I. Nishikawa C. B. Hededal P. E. Hardee G. J. Fishman C. Kouveliotou Y. Mizuno 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,307(1-3):319-323
We have applied numerical simulations and modeling to the particle acceleration, magnetic field generation, and emission from
relativistic shocks. We investigate the nonlinear stage of theWeibel instability and compare our simulations with the observed
gamma-ray burst emission. In collisionless shocks, plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g., the Weibel, Buneman
and other two-stream instabilities) are responsible for particle (electron, positron, and ion) acceleration and magnetic field
generation. 3-D relativistic electromagnetic particle (REMP) simulations with three different electron-positron jet velocity
distributions and also with an electron-ion plasma have been performed and show shock processes including spatial and temporal
evolution of shocks in unmagnetized ambient plasmas. The growth time and nonlinear saturation levels depend on the initial
jet parallel velocity distributions. Simulations show that the Weibel instability created in the collisionless shocks accelerates
jet and ambient particles both perpendicular and parallel to the jet propagation direction. The nonlinear fluctuation amplitude
of densities, currents, electric, and magnetic fields in the electron-positron shocks are larger for smaller jet Lorentz factor.
This comes from the fact that the growth time of the Weibel instability is proportional to the square of the jet Lorentz factor.
We have performed simulations with broad Lorentz factor distribution of jet electrons and positrons, which is assumed to be
created by photon annihilation. Simulation results with this broad distribution show that the Weibel instability is excited
continuously by the wide-range of jet Lorentz factor from lower to higher values. In all simulations the Weibel instability
is responsible for generating and amplifying magnetic fields perpendicular to the jet propagation direction, and contributes
to the electron’s (positron’s) transverse deflection behind the jet head. This small scale magnetic field structure contributes
to the generation of “jitter” radiation from deflected electrons (positrons), which is different from synchrotron radiation
in uniform magnetic fields. The jitter radiation resulting from small scale magnetic field structures may be important for
understanding the complex time structure and spectral evolution observed in gamma-ray bursts or other astrophysical sources
containing relativistic jets and relativistic collisionless shocks. The detailed studies of shock microscopic process evolution
may provide some insights into early and later GRB afterglows. 相似文献
18.
The CrossScale mission will advance our understanding of fundamental plasma processes in collisionless plasmas. It will exploit the excellent natural plasma laboratory provided by the Earth’s magnetosphere and the near-Earth solar wind and, in particular, carry out multi-scale studies that will strongly complement plasma studies in ground-based laboratories. Previous studies of collisionless plasmas in space environments across the solar system have shown the ubiquitous nature of suprathermal particles and that these particles exhibit a power-law energy spectrum. In this paper we discuss the great significance of these suprathermal particles for CrossScale studies. We show that the presence of these particles is a natural consequence of the collisionless regime as they can propagate across the heliosphere with little spectral change and are not thermalised by collisions. They are a key indicator of the non-equilibrium nature of collisionless plasmas and an important source of free energy that can drive plasma processes. We discuss how these suprathermal particles influence the overall properties of the plasma. In particular, the energy distribution of particles follows a Kappa, rather than Maxwellian, distribution and thus the plasma does not have a single thermodynamic temperature. We also discuss the importance of the suprathermal tail as a tool to diagnose the processes responsible for particle energisation in collisionless plasmas. Such energisation is a common feature in collisionless plasmas, especially in terms of the primary science targets for CrossScale: reconnection, shocks and turbulence. Finally we also touch on the value of using CrossScale studies to provide ground truth measurements for a number of astrophysical techniques that exploit the effects of energetic electrons in the distant universe. Throughout the paper, we stress that suprathermal (30 keV-1 MeV) measurements are essential to fully characterise particle distributions. We show that such measurements will benefit greatly from the improved spatial and temporal resolution (compared to Cluster) that is proposed for the HEP instrument on CrossScale. 相似文献
19.
Cosmological shock waves are induced during hierarchical formation of large-scale structure in the universe. Like most astrophysical shocks, they are collisionless, since they form in the tenuous intergalactic medium through electromagnetic viscosities. The gravitational energy released during structure formation is transferred by these shocks to the intergalactic gas as heat, cosmic-rays, turbulence, and magnetic fields. Here we briefly described the properties and consequences of the shock waves in the context of the large-scale structure of the universe. 相似文献
20.
Paul J. Kellogg 《Planetary and Space Science》2003,51(11):681-691
Progress in understanding the Langmuir waves which accompany collisionless shocks everywhere in the solar system is briefly reviewed, with some emphasis on the discovery papers, and with discussion and illustrative examples of the most recent progress. 相似文献