观察山区新构造运动的一个窗口——高盆地

一、问题的提出 位于我国东南部的福建沿海,紧连西太平洋地震带,与我国地震活动水平最高的台湾省隔海相望。历史上曾发生过多次破坏性地震,最大震级为8级。现今小震活动频繁,是我国东南沿海地震活动水平较高的地方。     

福建沿海、台湾海峡GPS观测分析及地球动力学特征研究

利用 3期GPS联测结果所获得的福建沿海地壳水平运动信息 ,采用ITRF94全球框架为基础的GPS测站地壳运动模型及其处理软件 ,对所获得的观测数据进行处理和精度分析。得到福建省高精度的GPS测站大地坐标、边长及其位移矢量 ,其精度达到 1 7×10 - 8。计算了福建地壳运动速率、主应变率 ,东西与南北向线应变率、面应变率、剪应变率、大地转动率和最大剪应变率等值线并给出了它们的分布图象。根据多年形变和现今GPS观测资料 ,分析福建地壳垂直运动与水平运动 ,显示区域应力场优势分布特征。最后 ,对福建沿海及台湾海峡地壳动力学特征作了初步的探讨     

闽台地震前福建水氡特征分析

文中利用福建水氡台网1990年以来的水氡资料,对福建及其东南沿海大于4.5级地震,台湾及其近海大于7.0级地震进行分析研究,提出了上述两区域地震异常特征的共性和特性：认为地震前存在异常加速性、同步性,形态的多样性,空间分布的不确定性等共性;而在福建及其东南沿海大于4.5级地震前,异常呈现“异常加速-减速-地震”特征,在台湾地区大于6.8级地震前异常呈现“异常加速-地震”特征。     

台海地区的地壳运动与变形

利用福建沿海GPS网和台湾-吕宋GPS网站速度数据和两个网数据处理中共用的IGS永久站数据，实现了两个GPS网参考框架和速度场的统一．分析台海地区的速度场发现，福建沿海、台湾海峡与台湾岛北部地壳的水平运动完全一致，运动方向约为东偏南26.0，运动速率约为39 mm/a；台湾岛东部的海岸山脉地区发生了相反变化，运动方向为北偏西30.0，运动速率约为33.3 mm/a；在台湾岛的南端存在南偏西50.0方向的运动，运动速率约为13 mm/a．若以福建沿海的几何中心为参考基准，台湾岛存在一致的(岛的北端除外)北西向运动，方向北偏西约50.0，东海岸的速率最大为61 mm/a，向西逐渐减小．应变场分析表明，台海地区存在统一的应变场，主压应变方向为北西48.0，主张应变方向为北东42.0．主压应变速率，台湾岛的东海岸为3.43610－7/a，向西逐渐减小，到福建沿海减小到1.86110－8/a．菲律宾海板块在台湾岛东部与欧亚板块的碰撞俯冲是台海地区地壳运动、变形和发生大地震的主要驱动力．本区的主压应力方向约为北西55.0．      

福建地区地震活动空间分布及活动断裂特点研究

分析了1604年发生在泉州海外的8级大地震, 将所获结果结合其后400年间发生在该地区的地震活动作进一步的探讨。 在获取对该大地震的认识的基础上, 结合现代地震观测数据资料, 对福建地区的地震活动性进行再研究。 结果表明, 由于菲律宾板块向西挤压, 导致大陆东南沿海的应力积累, 从而诱发了当年泉州海外8级特大地震; 重要的是, 在震源区附近有一条近NE向活动断裂贯穿而过, 它在这400年间释放出的地震活动能量占福建地区(含近邻)所释放地震活动能量的绝大部分。 分析结果认为: 牛山岛-兄弟屿断裂这条基本平行于长乐-诏安主干断裂东约50 km海中的断裂才是福建地区近几百年来地震活动主要区域, 也是福建地区现今和今后一段时间易发生地震的构造部位, 是控制东南沿海近海地震带的主要活动断裂。     

日本列岛及中国东南沿海地震对中国大陆地震活动的影响估计

１９９４－１９９５年初日本列岛及中国东南沿海发生一组大地震，其中包括引起重大破坏的阪神大地震。从地震横向迁移角度对这些大地震集中发生对大陆地震的影响进行了分析。大震引起的应变波动传播速度馒、周期长、能量大、影响距离和深度大，其波峰可能触发地震。据Ｂｏｔｔ和Ｄｅａｎ的非弹性介质应变波运动方程解释了从海沟到内陆的大震迁移，指出１９１８年以来迁移序列目前对山西地震带及贺兰山地震带有影响；１９９４－１９９５年的地震序列在２０２０年左右将对渤海──郯庐断裂产生影响，２０３０年左右对华北平原产生影响；目前可能激发广东、福建沿海发生中等地震。     

长乐—诏安断裂带的輓近活动和闽粤东部沿海地区地貌、第四系的发育

长乐—诏安断裂带(简称长诏带)是我国东南沿海大陆地区主要的活动构造带之一,北起福建长乐,沿闽粤东部沿海延伸,于广东惠来入海。它在深部构造上反映为重力异常呈北东45°走向的梯级带,莫霍面埋深35—38公里;在地表上控制着中新生代火山岩和燕山期侵入岩的展布,其动力变质带可见宽度常达100米以上。它又可以大致划分为内、中、外三条基本平行并呈雁列式展布的断裂带(内带自闽侯,径蒲田、同安,云霄延至粤东,中带起于长     

台湾：从粤东沿海逆时针旋转而来的陆块

从台湾岛基本地质特征出发,通过与大陆东海沿海及邻近地区之间的地质对比,提出关于台岛成因的新假说,即台湾岛是在晚中生代随着东南大陆的离散而逐渐分离出去的一个陆块,并经历逆时针旋转,于中新世以后在福建沿海与大陆碰撞拼贴。     

华南地区樟树—宁德大地电磁测深剖面深部电性结构及热特征

华南地区武夷隆起带及东南沿海陆缘带具备中高温地热的储藏条件,而深部热源及热通道对于揭示中高温地热的形成机制至关重要.本文对江西樟树-福建宁德包含37个宽频测点的一条410 km长大地电磁测深剖面,采用非线性共轭梯度二维及三维反演,获得了岩石圈电性结构模型.研究发现,扬子地块东缘、武夷隆起带以及东南沿海陆缘带的电性结构存...     

东南沿海地区地震形势的探讨

我国东南沿海地区的地震活动主要分布于沿海附近,北起浙江南部,南至广东的雷琼和广西地区,其中包括了福建、广东全境和江西南部,形成一条大体上与海岸线平行的相对狭长的地震发生带,称为东南沿海地震带(图1),它是我国的地震活动带之一。根据近年来有关各省整理的历史地震资料统计,全带自1400年起共发生8级地震一次,7—7 3/4级地震     

Crustal movement and deformation in Taiwan and its coastal area

Introduction Both Taiwan Island and Chinese mainland belong to Eurasian plate in geological structure. And the nearest distance between Taiwan Island and Fujian Province, which is located on the opposite coast, is only 130 km. Although there are high-precision GPS networks in both Taiwan and Fujian Province, joint GPS measurement cannot be made directly because of the inconvenient contact due to the strait between them. However, the GPS networks arranged on b…     

福建省地体构造划分及构造演化

本文根据对福建省不同地区的地质特征进行详细的研究对比,划分出闽西北、闽西南、闽东和闽东南四个性质不同的地体,并研究了各地体的之间碰撞拼贴的历史,指出它们主要经历了三个阶段：1、晚元古代,闽西南地体和闽西北地体沿南平-宁化一线发生碰撞拼贴作用,同时伴随海底和陆上火山喷发活动;2、三叠纪,闽东地体沿政和-大埔一线和闽西南、闽西北地体发生碰撞拼贴作用,闽东南地体也随之拼贴在闽东地体之上;3、白垩纪,闽东南地体沿平潭一东山断裂带发生左行走滑运动。     

A quantitative research for present-time crustal motion in Fujian Province, China and its marginal sea

Based on the Chinese mainland GPS network (1994～1996), Fujian GPS network (1995～1997), cross fault deformation network (1982～1998), precise leveling network (1973～1980) and focal mechanism solutions of the recent several tens years, we synthetically and quantitatively studied the present-time crustal motion of the southeast coast of Chinese mainland-Fujian and its marginal sea. We find that this area with its mainland together moves toward SE with a rather constant velocity of 11.2(3.0 mm/a. At the same time, there is a motion from the Quanzhou bay pointing to hinterland, with a major orientation of NW, extending toward two sides, and with an average velocity of 3.0(2.6 mm/a. The faults orienting NE show compressing motions, and the ones orienting NW show extending motions. The present-time strain field derived from crustal deformation is consistent with seismic stress field derived from the focal mechanism solutions and the tectonic stress field derived from geology data. The principal stress of compression orients NW (NWW) - SE (SEE). Demarcated by the NW orienting faults of the Quanzhou bay and Jinjiang-Yongan, the crustal motions show regional characteristics: the southwest of Fujian and the boundary of Fujian and Guangdong are areas of rising, the northeast of Fujian are areas of sinking. The horizontal strain rate and the fault motion of the former are both greater than the later. The side-transferring motion of Hymalaya collision zone and the compression of the west pacific subduction zone affect the motion of the research area. The amount of motion affected by the former is larger than the later, but the former is homogeneous and the later is not, which indicates that the events of strong earthquakes in this region relate more directly with western pacific subduction zone.     

强震中期阶段区域性形变异常的共性特征及其机制以青藏块体东北部为例

强震前中期阶段(1～3年或稍长)区域性形变异常往往表现出3个方面的共性特征: ① 区域垂直运动变形呈现与构造有关的异常隆起区、 垂直差异变形高梯度带(有的还呈“四象限”)分布特征; ② 水平运动变形呈现与活动地块及断裂构造有关的、 以剪切变形为主的高应变集中区(带)特征; ③ 区域性垂直形变异常区与水平形变的高应变分布区共生的特征。 分析这些异常共性特征的形成机制, 初步认为: 它们是在基本统一的大区域构造应力场控制下, 不同层次块体系统运动及其边界带变形的非平稳、 非协调性, 在活动地块边界地带和地块内部次级断裂构造部位产生变形差异而导致应力-应变积累、 孕育强震到一定阶段的结果。 在此基础上, 分析探讨了基于区域性形变异常共性特征、 结合地质构造活动背景进行强震中期预测的意义。     

根据变形岩石的显微构造特征探讨断层的活动性

本文是通过一条断层及其围岩物质的显微构造的对比研究来探讨断层活动性的尝试。配合热释光年代学方法的测定结果,表明该断层自更新世以来曾发生过多次新的活动,主断裂形成时的古应力大约为700巴左右     

THE 3-D VELOCITY STRUCTURE OF CRUST AND UPPERMOST MANTLE AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS IN FUJIAN PROVINCE

It is important to detect the fine velocity structures of the crust and uppermost mantle to understand the regional tectonic evolution, earthquake generation processes, and to conduct earthquake risk assessment. The inversion of uppermost mantle velocity and Moho depth are strongly influenced by crustal velocity heterogeneity. In this study, we collected first arrivals of Pg and Pn and secondary arrivals of Pg wave from the seismograms recorded at Fujian provincial seismic network stations. New 3-D P-wave velocities were inverted by multi-phase joint inversion method in Fujian Province. Our results show that the fault zones in Fujian Province have various velocity patterns. The shallow crust is characterized by high velocity that represents mountains, while the mid-lower crust shows low velocities. The anomalous velocities are correlated closely with tectonic faults in Fujian Province. Velocity anomalies mainly show NE-trending distribution, especially in the mid-lower crust and uppermost mantle, which is consistent with the NE-trending of the regional main fault zones. Meanwhile, a part of velocity patterns show NW trending, which is related to the secondary NW-oriented faults. Such velocity distribution also shows a geological structural pattern of "zoning in east-west direction and blocking in north-south direction" in Fujian area. In the crust, a low velocity zone is found along Zhenghe-Dapu fault zone as mentioned by previous study, however our result shows the low velocity exists at depth of 20~30km in mid-lower crust. Compared with previous study, this low velocity zone is larger and deeper both in range and depth. The crustal thickness of 28~35km from our joint inversion is similar to the results from the receiver functions of previous studies. The thinnest crust(28km)is observed at offshore in the north of Quanzhou; while the thickest crust(35km)is located west of Zhangzhou near the Zhenghe-Dapu fault zone. Generally, thinner crustal thickness is found in offshore of Fujian Province, and thicker crustal thickness is in the mainland. However, we also found that crustal thickness becomes thinner along the east side of Yongan-Jinjiang Fault. The values of Pn velocities in the region vary from 7.71 to 8.26km/s. The velocity distribution of the uppermost mantle presents a large inhomogeneity, which is correlated with the distribution of the fault zone. High Pn velocity anomalies are found mainly along the west side of the Zhenghe-Dapu fault zone(F₂), and the east side of the Shaowu-Heyuan fault zone(F₁), which is strip-shaped throughout the central part of Fujian. Low Pn velocity anomalies are observed along the coast and Taiwan Straits, including the Changle-Zhaoan fault zone, the coastal fault zone, and the Fuzhou Basin. We also found a low Pn velocity anomaly zone, which extends to the coast, in the Shaowu-Heyuan fault zone at the junction of the Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces. In the west of Taiwan Straits, both high and low Pn velocity anomalies are observed. Our results show that the historical strong earthquakes(larger than magnitude 6.0) are mainly distributed between positive and negative anomaly zones at different depth profiles of the crust, and similar anomalies distribution also exists at the uppermost mantle, suggesting that the occurrence of strong earthquakes in the region is not only related to the anomalous crustal velocity structure, but also affected by the velocity anomaly structure from the uppermost mantle.     

鲜水河断裂带的现今水平形变及构造动态

据鲜水河断裂带水平测距的新成果,讨论该带现今构造运动的动态特征。在分析水平形变的基础上,联系表层构造形变和区域背景,探讨地块沿断裂带运动的模式。认为该带的现今运动主要表现为断裂带两侧地块往东南的同向不等速滑动,其地表形变效应则与左旋走滑相一     

1985年乌恰7.4级地震形变带

1985年乌恰7.4级地震在克孜勒苏河谷阶地上出现地表形变带,主要由地震陡坎、地震断层、地裂缝与挤压脊等形迹组成。长约15公里,最宽达800米。分布形态为一向东北突出的弧形形变带。逆断层走向近东西,倾向160°—210°,倾角30°左右,最大水平倾向断距约2米。正走滑断层走向340°—350°,倾向北东,倾角80°—88°,最大右旋水平位错为1.55米。走滑逆断层走向为280°—305°。倾向西南,倾角30°左右,最大右旋水平位移1.25米。挤压脊多呈东西向分布,最大缩短距离为0.4米