淮河流域地下水资源概况及开发潜力

淮河流域人均水资源量为475 m3,不足全国人均水资源量(2100 m3)的1/4,且地下水质量较差,水资源供需矛盾突出,严重制约区域社会经济高质量发展.本研究以水循环理论为指导,利用多期地下水资源调查数据,分析了淮河流域地下水资源量、影响因素及可持续开发利用潜力.分析结果显示:淮河流域水循环过程主要受人工开采影响,导...     

珠江流域地下水资源评价及问题分析

提要:本文在梳理流域地下水资源评价现状及历史的基础上,讨论了水资源评价方法和分区原则,将珠江流域划分为129个四级地下水系统,以地下水系统为评价单元,在充分考虑不同水文地质参数的基础上,分析评价地下水资源量及存在的问题,讨论珠江流域三级阶地不同水流运动特征,阐述了评价的精度以及水利工程对地下水循环的影响.通过本次评价,...     

松花江—辽河流域地下水资源及其生态环境问题

松花江—辽河流域(简称松辽流域)是中国重要的商品粮基地,地下水资源对维护中国粮食安全具有重要作用.2019年松辽流域地下水资源量为797.31×108 m3/a,地下水开发利用量为276.4×108 m3.松辽流域地下水面临着水资源局部短缺,局部水位持续下降,"三氮"污染加剧,以及湿地萎缩、土地荒漠化、盐渍化等资源、环...     

土库曼斯坦阿姆河盆地卡洛夫-牛津阶储层特征及控制因素分析

土库曼斯坦东北部的阿姆河盆地,是中亚地区最重要的含油气盆地之一。根据钻井岩芯和分析化验资料,确定阿姆河盆地卡洛夫-牛津阶为碳酸盐台地相沉积,具有特征的前缘缓斜坡沉积模式,可划分为蒸发台地、局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘、前缘缓斜坡和盆地6个相带。其中台内、台地边缘和前缘缓斜坡为储层发育相带,尤以发育于台地边缘、开阔台地和前缘缓斜坡相带中的礁、滩微相最有利于储层发育。沉积微相和岩性对储层类型及物性有直接控制,特点为高能环境条件下沉积的块状礁灰岩和中-厚层状滩相颗粒灰岩以发育原生孔隙保存良好的孔隙型和裂缝-孔隙型储层为主,而较低能环境条件下沉积的(含)颗粒微晶灰岩、隐藻灰岩和泥-微晶灰岩以发育基质岩物性很差的裂缝型储层为主。通过综合分析,认为储层发育受沉积微相、岩性和成岩作用复合控制,以各相带内的礁、滩微相灰岩为高效勘探开发目标的"甜心"位置。     

海河流域地下水资源特征和开发利用潜力

海河流域水资源严重短缺,地下水长期超采是制约社会经济可持续发展的主要瓶颈.开展流域地下水资源及开发利用潜力研究,对支撑服务地下水超采治理、地下水资源可持续利用和生态环境保护都具有重要意义.经系统评价,海河流域天然资源量252.99×108 m3,生态水位约束条件下的浅层地下水开采资源量172.98×108 m3,可更新...     

长江流域地下水资源特征与开发利用现状

提要:为提升对长江流域水文地质和地下水资源的认知程度,突破以往单独从地表水或地下水角度进行评价的局限性,长江流域水文地质调查工程以地球系统科学理论和水循环理论为指导,充分考虑地表水与地下水的转化关系,将水文地质单元和地表水流域有机结合,划分长江流域地下水评价单元,建立典型地下水资源评价模型,开展了新一轮长江流域地下水资...     

酸气回注——以土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸 封存场地适应性评价为例

酸气回注技术既是碳减排技术之一,又可在一定程度上缓解硫磺供需矛盾,降低酸雨发生频次,并有利于环境保护的绿色执行技术之一,因此,正日渐受到全球关注。土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸区块是中国海外天然气的重要来源地之一,在中石油国际合作开发过程中,考虑到硫磺市场价格波动性及后续运输距离的不确定性等不利因素,与传统硫回收工艺相比,酸气回注技术值得研究与分析。限于中亚特殊地缘与环境特征,其酸气封存场地的选择尤为重要。本文参考二氧化碳封存选址原则,提出运用酸气回注的地质工程学方法,对阿姆河右岸酸气回注封存场地进行适应性评价。首先,选择适应酸气封存选址的指标,包括研究区地质构造稳定性、地震和断裂发育情况、地层压力、地温、储层孔隙度和渗透率、盖层封闭性等;然后根据区域实际地质情况,对每个指标进行权重赋值,运用层次分析法来进行盆地级评价;最后,参照利用沉积微相和更细的储层物性资料,进行了更细级别的封存场地优势带分析,为下一步工作指明方向。     

阿姆河右岸B区中部卡洛夫-牛津阶高精度层序地层划分及层序发育模式

土库曼斯坦阿姆河盆地是世界上著名的大型含油气沉积盆地,然而目前盆地内卡洛夫—牛津阶的层序划分和地层对比依然存在争议。基于Vail经典层序地层学及沉积学相关理论,以阿姆河右岸B区29口井的岩心资料及50口井的测井资料为依据,结合地震、薄片、地球化学等手段,开展了阿姆河右岸B区卡洛夫-牛津阶的层序地层研究。将阿姆河右岸B区卡洛夫-牛津阶划分为5个三级层序和15个四级层序,其中卡洛夫阶包括2个三级层序(SQ1和SQ2),牛津阶分为3个三级层序(SQ3-SQ5)。在高精度层序划分的基础上,建立了研究区的层序地层格架,在垂向上,各级层序格架内部高位域生屑砂屑灰岩及礁滩体沉积更为发育;在平面上,根据不同层序沉积几何体和沉积相的分布,明确提出了卡洛夫期和牛津期发育两种不同的碳酸盐岩台地类型的观点：SQ1-SQ2时期(卡洛夫期)研究区应为缓坡型台地,初始具有西高东低的地貌,坡度较缓,沉积速率差别不大,主要发育缓坡台地层序地层模式;SQ3-SQ5时期(牛津期)则演化为镶边台地,研究区沉积速率远小于A区,随着海平面变化形成了差异巨大的西高东低沉积地貌。     

阿姆河盆地侏罗系海相烃源岩地化特征及与中国海相烃源岩比较

阿姆河盆地上侏罗统海相烃源岩是一套公认的成熟烃源岩,其成熟度与中国古生界高-过成熟度海相烃源岩不同,通过对阿姆河右岸地区上侏罗统岩石样品的地球化学分析及与中国塔里木和华北、四川、吐哈、渤海湾等盆地类似烃源岩的比对,研究了阿姆河盆地成熟海相烃源岩地化特征,建立了有机质丰度与类型的评价标准与图版。结果表明:阿姆河盆地侏罗系存在灰岩和泥岩两类海相烃源岩,灰岩有机质丰度略高于塔里木盆地古生界和华北地台中上元古界灰岩,与四川盆地二叠系灰岩接近,泥岩有机质丰度与吐哈盆地侏罗系煤系泥岩相当,成倍好于塔里木盆地、华北地台海相泥岩;海相泥岩属于Ⅰ₂~Ⅱ型烃源岩,海相灰岩属于Ⅲ~Ⅱ型烃源岩,综合分析认为:1）阿姆河盆地上侏罗统灰岩好烃源岩有机碳含量标准为0.5%,泥岩好烃源岩有机碳含量标准为3%;2）以低等生物为主的海相碳酸盐岩或泥岩,其可溶有机质氯仿沥青“A”族组分、Pr/Ph与Ph/nC₁₈关系、甾烷ααα（C₂₇、C₂₈、C₂₉）-20R含量、多环芳香“三芴”系列等参数既揭示了烃源岩的生源环境,也是鉴别母质类型的良好参数。阿姆河盆地上侏罗统海相泥岩和灰岩烃源岩评价标准与图版的建立,对国外海相盆地油气资源评价具有重要意义。     

阿姆河右岸中-下侏罗统烃源岩地球化学特征及其沉积环境研究

阿姆河盆地是中亚地区天然气资源最丰富的盆地。阿姆河右岸区域的主力烃源岩存在于中-下侏罗统的煤系地层中,但烃源岩的地球化学特征、有机质来源及沉积环境还需进一步明确。本文以阿姆河盆地右岸地区侏罗系烃源岩为对象,在利用烃源岩样品开展系统的地球化学测试的基础上,对样品有机碳、镜质体反射率、饱和烃与芳烃气相色谱及有机碳同位素等数据进行了分析。结果表明：1）阿姆河右岸中-下侏罗统烃源岩的有机质丰度及生烃潜力较高,有机质类型以Ⅱ₁与Ⅱ₂型为主,存在少量Ⅲ型干酪根,烃源岩整体处于成熟—高成熟阶段;烃源岩以生油为主,兼生气。2）阿姆河右岸中-下侏罗统烃源岩大部分沉积于高盐度的强还原环境,少数沉积于低盐度氧化环境中。3）阿姆河右岸中-下侏罗统烃源岩中有机质母质的来源主要为低等浮游生物,部分有机质来源于高等植物。

     

Groundwater flow and capture zone analysis of the Central Passaic River Basin, New Jersey

Delineating capture zones of pumping wells is an important part of safe drinking water and well protection programs. Capture zones or contributing areas of a groundwater extraction well are the parts of the aquifer recharge areas from which the wells draw their water. Their extent and location depend on the hydrogeologic conditions such as groundwater recharge, pumping scenario and the aquifer properties such as hydraulic conductivity, porosity, heterogeneity of the medium and hydraulic gradient. Different methods of delineation can be used depending on the complexity of the hydrogeologic conditions. In this study, a 3-dimensional transient numerical MODFLOW model was developed for the Central Passaic River Basin (CPRB), and used with a MODPATH particle tracking code to determine 3-dimensional transient capture zones. Analytically calculated capture zones from previous studies at the site were compared with the new numerically simulated capture zones. The study results revealed that the analytical solution was more conservative, estimating larger capture zones than the numerical models. Of all the parameters that can impact the size, shape and location of a capture zone, the hydraulic conductivity is one of the most critical. Capture zones tend to be smaller in lower hydraulic conductivity areas.     

鄂尔多斯盆地地下水系统及水资源潜力

鄂尔多斯盆地是我国西北地区的大型构造沉积盆地,以前寒武系变质岩为基底,依次沉积了下古生界碳酸盐岩、上古生界-中生界碎屑岩和第四系沉积物,总厚度达6000m。根据盆地的地质构造特征和水文地质条件,将含水岩系划为周边寒武-奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂隙岩溶含水层系统、白垩系碎屑岩裂隙孔隙含水层系统和盆地东部基岩裂隙水与上覆第四系松散层孔隙含水层系统。然后系统论述了各含水层系统特征,区域地下水形成与演化规律,对鄂尔多斯盆地地下水资源与开发潜力进行了评价。     

土库曼斯坦阿姆河盆地卡洛夫-牛津阶层序-古地理特征及演化

通过沉积相和层序地层分析,确定土库曼斯坦阿姆河盆地中-上侏罗统卡洛夫-牛津阶主要为一套碳酸盐岩台地沉积体系,可划分出SQ1～SQ3三个三级层序,经历了从缓斜坡台地→镶边缓斜坡台地→缓斜坡台地的沉积演化过程,主力储、产层发育于SQ1和SQ2层序,此三个层序又可进一步划分为TST和HST两个体系域。以体系域为编图单元,编制了SQ1、SQ2和SQ3层序各体系域的岩相古地理图和探讨了有利储集相带展布规律,认为SQ1-HST、SQ2-TST和SQ2-HST三个体系域中叠置发育的台缘礁滩为最有利储层发育的相带,应成为今后的勘探重点。     

Groundwater status and associated issues in the Mekong-Lancang River Basin: International collaborations to achieve sustainable groundwater resources

Groundwater is an important and readily available source of fresh water in the Mekong-Lancang River Basin. With a rapid population growth and increasing human activities, an increasing number of countries in the Mekong-Lancang River Basin are experiencing depleted and degraded groundwater supplies. In transboundary river basins, such as the Mekong-Lancang River, prioritizing the use of the shared aquifer by one riparian government may affect the opportunities of other riparian governments and lead to potential water conflicts between neighboring countries. To promote the sharing of strategies and information for the sustainable and equitable use of water resources of the shared basin, international collaborative workshops on groundwater resources have been organized for all Mekong-Lancang River countries. These workshops provide an opportunity to communicate and discuss nationally sensitive issues on groundwater by the associated countries, with topics covering multiple aspects of groundwater, such as the groundwater status in the basin, quality issues, water use conflicts, hydrological information gaps, management policies and capacity building for successful water resource management. Consensus has been reached by all countries on the importance of catchment-based groundwater management and the need for close communication among the countries. Strategies for managing transboundary aquifer issues must foster international collaboration based on the regional network, influence national networks and enhance the capacity to building maps and monitoring systems based on associated databases. The sustainability of water resources cannot be achieved without the integrated involvement and contributions by multiple countries and various stakeholders. Therefore, collaborative workshops provide a great opportunity to further our understanding of the hydrologic processes of the Mekong River Basin, share the benefits of the aquifer and provide a strategy and vision for sustainable water resource management in the Mekong-Lancang River countries.     

阿姆河盆地卡洛夫-牛津阶碳酸盐岩储层地球化学特征和成岩流体分析

卡洛夫-牛津阶碳酸盐岩为土库曼斯坦阿姆河盆地主力天然气产层,以储层岩石学分析为基础,结合Fe、Sr、Mn微量元素和C、O、Sr同位素及流体包裹体地球化学特征,分析了储层成因和成岩流体性质,得出以下几点认识:(1)由厚壳蛤壳体测定的87Sr/86Sr比值在全球锶同位素地层曲线上可标定的年龄为157.2Ma,储层发育层位属于卡洛夫-牛津阶;(2)卡洛夫-牛津阶为一持续海侵-海退旋回,持续海侵期是礁、滩相储层形成期,而持续海退期为致密盖层发育期;(3)较高的Fe和Sr及较低的Mn含量,以及伴随成岩强度加大δ13C变化不大而δ18O向负值方向偏移的演化趋势,证明成岩作用发生在缺乏大陆淡水影响和以温度为主控因素的还原性封闭系统中;(4)综合同位素地球化学与流体包裹体和镜质体反射率特征,可确定洛夫-牛津阶碳酸盐岩仍处在中成岩阶段;(5)礁、滩相灰岩的溶蚀、埋藏白云化和充填缝、洞的方解石是不同成岩阶段的水-岩反应产物,成岩流体主要来自于深部富Sr的地层热卤水。     

Groundwater Use in the Selenge River Basin,Mongolia

The Selenge River Basin occupies a total area of 447,000 km2, of which 343,000 km2 is located within Mongolia (the remainder is in Russia). The basin is characterized by an extreme continental climate, consisting of harsh, cold, dry winters and short, hot summers. Annual average temperatures are approximately -4°C and annual rainfall ranges from 220 mm to 450 mm.The Selenge River Basin is a critical groundwater resource for Mongolia. Greater than 55% (~1.5 million) of Mongolia’s population resides within the basin and, during 2003, an estimated average of 700,000 m3/day of water was abstracted from the basin’s groundwater system. The basin services Mongolia’s largest cities and industries (including the rapidly expanding mining sector) as well as important traditional pastoral ranges.     

石羊河流域地下水盆地分区划分研究

石羊河流域属严重缺水的内陆河地区,流域水资源开发利用严重超过其承载能力,部分区域地下水利用达到174%,致使流域地下水位快速下降,天然植被枯萎死亡,土地沙漠化、盐渍化进程加快,生态十分脆弱,严重危及居民生存。本文基于流域地质结构和水文地质状况,按照地质结构、地下径流特性,对流域地下水盆地进行分区划定,并对流域水资源量进行计算评价,结果表明:石羊河流域地下水主要划分为大靖地下水盆地、武威地下水盆地、永昌地下水盆地、民勤地下水盆地、昌宁地下水盆地和潮水东地下水盆地,经流域地下切面计算和抽水试验验证,区内地下水降水入渗补给量为0.937亿m^3/a,侧向径流补给量为0.086亿m^3/a,合计地下水天然补给量为1.023亿m^3/a。相对误差为0.033亿m^3/a,绝对误差3.23%,分析较为准确,地下水盆地分区合理。研究结果为流域地下开采与保护提供了科学支撑。     

Groundwater resources evaluation in calcareous limestone using geoelectrical and VLF-EM surveys (El Salloum Basin,Egypt)

Understanding and developing groundwater resources in arid regions such as El Salloum basin, along the northwestern coast of Egypt, remains a challenging issue. One-dimensional (1D) electrical sounding (ES), two-dimensional (2D) electrical resistivity imaging (ERI), and very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) measurements were used to investigate the hydrogeological framework of El Salloum basin with the aim of determining the potential for extraction of potable water. 1D resistivity sounding models were used to delineate geoelectric sections and water-bearing layers. 2D ERI highlighted decreases in resistivity with depth, attributed to clay-rich limestone combined with seawater intrusion towards the coast. A depth of investigation (DOI) index was used to constrain the information content of the images at depths up to 100 m. The VLF-EM survey identified likely faults/fractured zones across the study area. A combined analysis of the datasets of the 1D ES, 2D ERI, and VLF-EM methods identified potential zones of groundwater, the extent of seawater intrusion, and major hydrogeological structures (fracture zones) in El Salloum basin. The equivalent geologic layers suggest that the main aquifer in the basin is the fractured chalky limestone middle Miocene) south of the coastal plain of the study area. Sites likely to provide significant volumes of potable water were identified based on relatively high resistivity and thickness of laterally extensive layers. The most promising locations for drilling productive wells are in the south and southeastern parts of the region, where the potential for potable groundwater increases substantially.