采用“铁－石英砂反应－过滤”工艺去除地热水中的硫化氢试验研究

采用＂铁－石英砂反应－过滤＂工艺去除地热水中的硫化氢试验研究刘树芳（北京市地热管理处）地热是一种清洁、便利的新能源，开发利用的经济、社会效益也较为明显。为了扩大地热水利用范围，兴利除弊，本文仅就去除地热水中硫化氢作一探讨。１去除地热水中硫化氢的原因硫...     

催化臭氧化降解有机废水及影响因素

主要论述了自制的V-O型催化荆催化臭氧化降解有机废水的研究。试验表明，以TiO2，SiO2，ZrO2作栽体，在氮气或氧气中焙烧，而制得的6种催化荆中，V-O／SiO2／N2显示了较好的催化性能和活性；通过催化荆吸附试验和在反应体系中加入一定量的自由基猝灭荆，初步探讨了其催化机理，即催化荆和臭氧反应，生成了氧化性极强的羟基自由基；催化臭氧化时间、催化荆用量、进气臭氧浓度、体系pH值等因素均对降解产生一定的影响。     

天然锰钾矿氧化降解水体中的苯胺研究

天然锰钾矿去除水体中苯胺的影响因素及其机制的研究表明，酸度是影响苯胺降解反应的主要因素，温度、振荡速度、矿物用量、矿物粒径及电介质浓度都不同程度地影响苯胺的降解；当介质pH值为3．0时，160～200目锰钾矿用量为10g／L、反应温度为25℃、振荡速度为200r／min、反应4h可以使50mL浓度为20mg／L的苯胺去除95％，达到工业废水一级排放标准；天然锰钾矿在酸性条件下具有强氧化性。可以使苯胺逐步降解为无机物质。以上结果都说明天然锰钾矿降解苯胺废水是一种经济有效的方法。     

利用铁屑腐蚀电池原位修复被氯代烃污染地下水的研究进展

简述了氯代烃的主要物理性质和用途，认为铁屑腐蚀电池处理氯代烃污水是基于氧化还原反应、铁屑中活性炭微粒对氯代烃的吸附与对反应的催化、氯离子对氧化膜的破坏和微电池的电场效应等原理；简要总结了迄今利用铁屑去除氯代烃的室内实验和利用原位铁屑反应墙处理地下水中的氯代烃污染研究所取得的成果，认为这种反应墙是一种效果好，成本低，维护方便，有望投入商业运行的最佳方法，并指出了其存在的问题。     

烤烟中化学成分和自由基关系的电子自旋共振研究

本研究是应用电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）方法以初烤烟和复烤烟为材料，检测烤烟中主要化学成分和自由基的关系，从而探索其化学成分与自由基和烤烟质量等级的关系。结果发现，随烤烟等级质量的降低其自由基含量增加，自由基浓度与总氮、蛋白质含量成显著正相关，而还原糖和总糖的含量愈高其自由基含量愈低。自由基与烤烟的碳氮比（Ｃ／Ｎ）呈极显著的负相关，这些结果将有可能成为烤烟生产和香烟加工的重要科学依据。     

含S自由基促进沉积有机质生烃的本质——H转移机制

沉积有机质热演化的本质是伴随H转移的歧化反应。有机S含量较高的干酪根具有更低生烃活化能,往往被认为是体系中丰富的含S自由基加速了C–C键断裂的结果。后生作用阶段,二苯并噻吩类化合物(DBTs)是有机S热演化的一类关键产物。因此,研究联苯类化合物(BPs)和单质S化合生成DBTs的反应过程,有助于理解在S自由基作用下,以H转移为基础的有机质生烃机理本质。本研究通过Gaussian09程序和3,3′-二甲基联苯(3,3′-DMBP)与单质S的热模拟实验,探索BPs和单质S反应生成DBTs的潜在反应路径。结果表明,S1自由基与BPs发生化合反应是优势反应路径,该过程进攻C–H键,形成DBTs和高活性的H自由基;除了部分H自由基参与生成H2S外,其余H自由基可以促进有机质裂解生烃。该优势反应路径表明, H转移更可能是后生作用阶段含S自由基促进沉积有机质裂解生烃的关键步骤。     

苯、甲苯对粒状铁去除四氯乙烯影响的柱实验研究

挥发性氯代烃和石油烃类污染是地下水中最常见的混合污染类型,而且这两类污染物毒性极强,对人类危害非常严重。文中选取具有代表性的四氯乙烯、苯和甲苯为研究对象,采用柱实验的方法研究苯和甲苯在粒状铁反应系统中吸附平衡后,对粒状铁去除四氯乙烯的机理及反应动力学的影响。在实验装置运行的过程中,苯、甲苯和四氯乙烯的浓度始终控制在2mg/L左右的水平。实验结果表明:苯或甲苯的存在对被还原的产物组成没有影响,主要氯代中间产物均为TCE、1,1-DCE、cis-1,2-DCE和VC,但组成比例略有不同。苯和甲苯的存在对去除速率有影响,即苯对四氯乙烯的去除有促进作用,去除速率平均提高13.5%;而甲苯则抑制四氯乙烯的去除,去除速率平均降低13.8%。对比控制柱,苯和甲苯存在时对出水水化学变化的影响没有明显差异。     

电极反应中电子转移数的测定

测定参与电极反应的电子数n,有助于研究电极反应的机理、确定电极反应产物、中间体和自由基的结构。本文全面综述了各种测n方法,测定方法主要有直接检定电解产物法、库仑法、极谱库仑法和极谱法等,并分别作了介绍。     

用赤泥去除酸性矿井水中重金属污染物的初步研究

利用碱性赤泥去除酸性矿井水中的污染物。通过比较不同的赤泥改性方法、赤泥改性温度、反应温度、反应时间及赤泥和矿井水不同的固液比等条件下水样中的pH值和Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg、Pb重金属元素的去除率，获得各污染物元素的最佳去除条件。为治理赤泥和酸性矿井水的污染开辟一条新的途径。     

改性氢氧化镁对地下水中铅镉的稳定化性能研究

为研究OH-缓释剂对铅、镉污染地下水修复的可行性,通过室内实验制备改性氢氧化镁,并对其去除地下水中Pb和Cd的性能进行研究。实验结果表明,重金属的稳定化机理主要为沉淀反应。在去除单一重金属(Pb或Cd)实验中,Pb和Cd的去除率都可达到99%以上,反应符合一级反应动力学,反应速率常数分别为0.173 7 min-1和0.003 7 min-1。改性氢氧化镁在处理Pb和Cd的复合污染时Pb优先于Cd反应,Pb的存在会对Cd的沉淀起到抑制作用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with