共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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中国沙漠化过程中人文作用研究进展 总被引:1,自引:6,他引:1
沙漠化过程中的人文作用研究是沙漠化的重要研究领域,是沙漠科学体系的重要组成部分。国内在人文因素在沙漠化过程中的作用、人文活动对沙漠化的作用机理、历史上沙漠化与人文活动关系、沙漠化中的人文作用定量分析研究、人文活动的驱动因子取得了重大进展,沙漠化治理的技术、模式、策略等方面研究也取得了重要成果。本文试图对沙漠化中人文作用研究做简要综述,并展望未来沙漠化人文作用研究。认为未来沙漠化人文作用研究要以人的行为作为研究的主题,结合多个学科综合研究,把更多研究方法应用到这项研究中,同时拓展沙漠化人文作用研究的领域。 相似文献
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中国沙漠化形成问题的分析研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
本文通过对中国沙漠化形成问题的分析和研究,认为人为因素是我国沙漠化形成的主导因素,其主要表现在土地资源和植物资源的利用问题下,单纯追求经济效益而导致生态效益的低下,从而引起生态环境的恶化,致使土地的生产力退化并发生沙漠化。因此,在干旱半干旱地区控制人为过度经济活动是保护地表植被,防治沙漠化的基本途径。 相似文献
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青海高原沙漠化研究进展 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
20世纪50年代末到21世纪初,对青海高原沙漠化的分布、基本特征、沙丘类型、形成演化、风沙移动规律、野外观测、沙化监测的科学考察研究到防沙治沙试验的过程;从地域上涉及了青海的柴达木盆地、共和盆地、青海湖盆地、黄河源区和长江源区全部5个沙漠化土地分布地区,全面综述了高原沙漠化研究的成果、防沙治沙经验和研究进展,提出了存在的问题及今后研究的内容。 相似文献
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中国弱方沙漠化灾害危险度分区评价 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
沙漠化灾害是影响重大的全球性灾种之一,其危险度分区评价具有重要的理论与实践意义,本文从沙漠从沙漠化灾害危险分区评价的依据和原则出发,制定了其评价指标体系,建立了定量评,此对我国北方的沙漠化 灾害危险主进行了分区评价,共区分出15个沙漠化灾害危险度区。 相似文献
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中国土地沙漠化经济损失评估 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:7
以1999年国家荒漠化监测数据为基准,采用灾害经济评价方法,20世纪末我国沙漠化造成的直接经济损失每年约为1 281.41亿元。其中,土地沙漠化造成资源损失 955.71亿元,占总损失的74.58%;对农牧业生产造成损失266.99亿元,占总损失的20.84%。研究表明,全国每年因土地沙漠化所造成的经济损失占当年全国GDP的1.41%,占我国土地沙漠化土地主要分布省区(内蒙古、甘肃、新疆、青海、宁夏、陕西)当年GDP的23.64%,相当于上述五省区1999年财政收入的3.60倍 相似文献
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中国沙漠化土地类型的分形研究 总被引:1,自引:6,他引:1
根据分形理论,对中国沙漠化土地类型进行了分形研究。基本结论为:①沙漠化土地斑块面积和形状指数的标度频度分形关系客观存在,不受统计时所使用的标度影响;②沙漠化土地类型的斑块周长面积分形关系客观存在,具有分形特征;③计算出沙漠化土地类型的分维,其中:潜在风移沙地分维最大,为1.5148,其图斑镶嵌结构最复杂;流动沙丘分维最小,为1.2422,其图斑镶嵌结构最简单;④计算出沙漠化土地类型的稳定性指数,其中:流动沙丘稳定性指数最大,为0.2578,其图斑镶嵌结构最稳定;潜在风移沙地稳定性指数最小,为0.0148,其图斑镶嵌结构最不稳定;⑤由于潜在风移沙地、潜在沙漠化土地稳定性差,所以,在防治沙漠化过程中,特别是要注重和加强对潜在风移沙地、潜在沙漠化土地的生态保护与恢复,防止人为作用的进一步破坏。 相似文献
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Progress in sandy desertification research of China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
WANG Tao 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(4):387-400
Desertification is one of the most serious environmental and socio-economic problems facing the world today. Because the rapid expansion of desertification has resulted in serious environmental deterioration, economic loss, locally unsteadiness political situation and social upheaval, it has become a hot-spot issue of worldwide concern. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, as the catastrophic drought in the west Africa greatly accelerated the development of desertification, the desertificati… 相似文献
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Sandy desertification is land degradation characterized by wind erosion mainly resulted from the excessive human activities in arid, semiarid and part of sub-humid regions in northern China. The research on sandy desertification has experienced more than 5 decades of arduous course of the struggle along with the establishment and development of China's desert science. Researches in this field have made a great contribution to the national economic construction, and environmental protection. This paper focuses on presenting the major progress and achievements in the sandy desertification research during the last 50 years, including the stages of study on sandy desertification, background environment of sandy desertification and its changes, the conception, causes, process, monitoring and assessment of sandy desertification, the vegetation succession, landscape ecology, plant physiology, impacts on ecosystem, high-effective use of water and land resources and sustainable development in sandy desertified regions, sandy desertification control models and techniques etc. 相似文献
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荒漠化是全球性的环境问题,威胁到人类的生存和发展,中国是受荒漠化严重危害的国家之一。依据历史文献的记载和现代学者研究成果,分秦汉魏晋南北朝时期、隋唐宋元时期和明清时期三个历史阶段,梳理了中国沙质荒漠化的演变过程。研究表明:秦汉魏晋南北朝时期,中国沙质荒漠化主要集中在西北地区,如鄂尔多斯高原、河西走廊和新疆地区;隋唐宋元时期,荒漠化扩展到东北地区,如呼伦贝尔沙地、科尔沁沙地等;明清时期,政府通过修筑长城和封禁政策,客观上抑制了边疆地区的垦殖开荒,但在人口压力下,明朝后期和清朝后期北部边疆的农垦快速发展,加速了鄂尔多斯高原、科尔沁沙地等地区的荒漠化进程。因此,数千年来的气候变化和人类活动,特别是滥垦、滥牧、滥樵采等不合理土地利用方式,致使我国北方干旱和半干旱区的荒漠化日趋严重。 相似文献
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中国湿地研究进展与展望 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wetland is one of the most important ecosystems in the world, possessing important functions such as hydrologic regulation, degrading pollutants, adjusting climate, preventing erosion, maintaining geochemical cycle and providing habitats for important species, etc. (Chen, 2001; Mitsch; 2000; Chen, 2003), and has enjoyed the reputation of "earth's kidney" and "biology supermarket".1ThecharacteristicsanddistributionofwetlandsinChinaChina has a wetland area of 65.94 million ha (not including riv… 相似文献
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Progress and prospect of wetland research in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Traditional wetland study in China mainly focuses on mire resources investigation and utilization. At present, environment,
resources problems and sustainable development theory have infused new driving force into the wetland development. Since wetlands
have huge ecological and environmental functions, they are paid more and more attention to by academic circles. The key field
in wetland study at present is the natural process of wetlands, including hydrologic process, biogeochemical cycle process,
and biological process, the relation between wetlands and global changes, wetland function evaluation and wetland rehabilitation.
The paper reviews the main study progress of wetlands in China, analyses the present situation of wetland researches in China,
and puts forward the main direction of wetland science researches in China. 相似文献
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Journal of Geographical Sciences - Rocky desertification poverty (RDP) refers to rural poverty triggered or exacerbated by rocky desertification, which deprives farmers of opportunities for... 相似文献
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Sandy desertification in the Shule River Basin has expanded dramatically during the past 30 years. We evaluated the status, evolution, and main causes of sandy desertification by interpreting Landsat images which were acquired in 1978, 1990, 2000, 2005, and 2010, and analyzing the relevant meteorological data. The results show there was 3,477.95 km2, 3,733.32 km2, 3,620.29 km2, 3,565.65 km2, and 3,557.88 km2 of sandy desertified land in 1978, 1990, 2000, 2005, and 2010, respectively. From 1978 to 1990, not only the area of sandy desertified land (SDL) but also the degree of SDL levels increased. From 1990 to 2010 there was widespread restoration of SDL but the recovery trend of SDL gradually slowed. Although climate change contributes to expanding sandy desertification, human activities can either accelerate or reverse trends of natural sandy desertification. Some detrimental human activities can accelerate sandy desertification, but, conversely, desertification control measures such as the Three-North Shelter Forest Project and watershed rehabilitation programs in areas including the Shule River Basin resulted in many SDL being turned into grasslands or forest lands when shrubs and trees were planted to fix mobile sands at the edges of oases and cities. With population growth, much SDL has been reclaimed as farm land using water-saving agricultural methods or has been turned into built-up land as a result of urbanization. 相似文献
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中国沙漠科学的五十年 总被引:20,自引:20,他引:20
50多年来,在几代沙漠科技人员的不懈努力下,中国的沙漠科学从无到有,在从填补沙漠研究空白并取得长足进展的同时,沙漠化研究又以其创新性和系统性的理论进展,经济、社会和环境效益的实践成果,极大地充实了我国的沙漠科学,为我国北方地区国民经济建设和生态环境保护做出了突出的贡献,取得了包括国家科技进步特等奖在内的一大批科研成果和上百亿元的直接经济效益。过去20 a来,北方约有 10%的沙漠化土地得到治理,12%的沙漠化土地有所改善,局部地区出现"人进沙退"的新局面。已形成了以中国科学院和国家林业局等有关研究所为主体的国家级沙漠和沙漠化研究机构,汇集了一批优秀的沙漠和沙漠化科学家,创建了我国比较完整的沙漠和沙漠化科学及其研究体系,在风沙物理与沙漠环境、沙漠形成演变与全球变化、沙漠化过程及其防治、沙区资源环境与可持续发展、沙漠化遥感与信息系统综合研究等方面取得了重大进展,积累了丰富的研究资料和数据。在全国主要沙漠和沙漠化地区设有一批长期野外试验站(点),已为国家在有关沙漠开发利用和沙漠化防治方面的决策提供了大量的科研成果和理论依据。我国沙漠科学研究和实践所取得的辉煌成就,得到了政府、地方民众、科学界和国际社会的普遍认可。 相似文献
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内蒙古达拉特旗高头窑镇土地利用变化及其对土地沙化的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以达拉特旗西南部的高头窑镇为研究区域,以达拉特旗1987、1995、2000和2003年四期遥感影像为信息源,在3S技术支持下,对遥感影像进行解译,获得1987-2003年来四个时期的沙漠化动态变化数据,分析了高头窑镇20世纪80年代中期到21世纪初的沙漠化变化情况。结果表明:该地区近20年来,沙漠化土地处于发展-发展-逆转的过程中。研究区是典型的荒漠草原区,草原在各土地利用类型中始终占有绝对优势,农田、林地和高盖度草原的面积变化较大,各种土地利用类型之间的转化主要表现为各种沙丘类型之间的转化、各种草原类型之间的转化和草原与固定沙丘之间的转化。1987-2000年期间,草原和林地的退化是导致沙漠化严重发展的主要原因。2000-2003年间,土地类型之间的转化表现为固定沙丘、半固定沙丘和林地向草原的转化,这种转化有利于沙漠化的逆转。可见,在高头窑地区,草原的退化是导致沙漠化的主要原因,因此,在沙漠化的治理方面,应该合理利用草原,防止过度放牧,大力倡导退林还草。 相似文献