不同初始pH下海水中重金属含量变化及其影响因素

为了解烟气脱硫酸性海水排放对天然海水中重金属的影响,设置初始pH(pH0)分别为5.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0等6个实验组,研究各组海水的pH、盐度、悬浮物以及Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb等重金属的变化规律。结果表明,随着实验的进行,各实验组水体的pH呈现开始升高、中期略降、后期趋稳的变化规律,且pH0越低,pH增加幅度越大;各实验组的悬浮物含量随pH的升高而增大,重金属含量和盐度均随pH的升高而降低。分析表明,藻类的光合作用是控制水体pH变化的主要过程,pH则是影响水体重金属含量的关键环境因子,符合pH越低、各重金属含量越高的普遍规律。因此,借助耐酸性藻类的光合作用提升水体pH,是减少烟气脱硫海水排放对天然海水中重金属的溶出、减轻重金属污染的可能途径。     

非金属矿物材料在重金属废水处理中的应用

许多非金属矿物材料对重金属离子具有表面吸附作用、离子交换作用和化学活性作用,可广泛用于重金属废水处理.对其在重金属离子废水处理中的应用现状进行了综述,对其应用前景进行展望.     

河南省地矿局完成郑州市重金属污染调查

正近日,河南省地矿局岩矿测试中心完成的郑州市及周边地区重金属污染调查通过了该局专家组的评审,质量为优秀。调查结果显示:郑州市及周边地区未污染的土壤面积达95%以上,其中89.57%的面积都是一级土壤,中度以上的污染总面积不到2平方公里,土壤质量总体良好。该项目为河南省地矿局局管地质环境项目,测试中心主要开展了1∶100000的地球化学调查1000平方公里,     

中国近地面PM2.5浓度与排放的时空分布及其关联分析

PM2.5是威胁人体健康的主要大气污染物之一.大量研究关注近地面PM2.5浓度的监测及其时空分布,但目前针对PM2.5排放及其与近地面浓度之间的关联研究较为缺乏.本文通过2000-2014年近地面PM2.5浓度格网数据和PM2.5排放格网数据,采用长时间序列分析法对PM2.5浓度和PM2.5排放从定性和定量两个角度进行...     

渭河干流浅层地下水与地表水中重金属Cd污染特征及风险评价

为了解渭河流域水体重金属污染现状及健康危害风险,沿渭河干流采集浅层地下水和地表水水样,采用单因子指数法和美国环境保护署(USEPA)健康风险评价模型揭示了水体中重金属Cd污染现状和健康风险。结果表明:2018年渭河干流地下水和地表水中Cd浓度分别为426.40~1104.27 ng·L^-1和224.70~1154.12 ng·L^-1;参照《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848-2017)和《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)得知,地下水和地表水中Cd浓度均在GB/T 14848—2017和GB 3838-2002Ⅰ~Ⅲ类标准限值内;水体中Cd浓度表现出明显的空间分异性,沿河流流向均表现为逐渐增加的趋势;地下水与地表水中Cd浓度高值区相一致,即集中分布于陕西省兴平市和渭南市临渭区;由水体中Cd浓度单因子指数评价结果可知,渭河干流水体中Cd污染属于清洁水平;沿河流流向,渭河中游和下游水体中Cd浓度单因子污染指数远高于上游;水体中重金属Cd对成人和儿童产生的致癌风险分别为(1.48~2.05)×10^-4和(1.84~2.55)×10^-4,说明水体中Cd对人体可能会产生一定的健康风险。     

左江流域龙州段底积物重金属含量来源分析与生态风险评价

文章对左江流域龙州段28件底积物中8种重金属含量的空间分布特征、来源、影响因素进行了分析及生态风险评估.研究发现其平均含量略高于西南五省(区、市)(四川省、贵州省、云南省、西藏自治区、重庆市)水系背景值,但低于全球淡水沉积物环境质量标准和龙州土壤背景值.其中,元素Cr、Zn含量相对较高,而Cd元素和Hg元素含量较低.H...     

形态本体及其在地理空间数据发现中的应用研究

地理空间数据语义异构是实现数据关联、数据智能推荐和精确发现的主要瓶颈。地理空间数据本体被认为是解决地理空间数据语义异构的有效方法。形态特征是地理空间数据(除时空、要素内容外)的重要特征,是地理空间数据本体的重要研究内容。本文首先在系统分析地理空间数据形态特征的基础上,提出地理空间数据形态特征的概念体系。然后,建立地理空间数据形态本体模型,提出形态信息的本体表示方法,并构建地理空间数据形态本体。最后,基于形态本体的本体库,利用Jena本体推理技术,开发地理空间数据语义检索原型系统,并将形态本体应用于国家地球系统科学数据共享平台的元数据检索中。实验结果表明,地理空间数据形态本体可以有效地解决数据形态特征的语义异构,提高数据发现的查全率和查准率。本文的研究方法和成果对解决其他领域数据的语义异构,有重要的参考意义。     

分形内插法及在不规则线状实体形态变换中的应用

论述了分形内插的基本方法 ,提出了基于局部图形特征的分形内插 ,并编制程序实现了线状实体的分形内插 ,该方法的深入讨论 ,为在不同尺度下空间物体的形态变换提供了较为有效的途径     

煤矸石堆附近耕作层土壤中重金属污染状况与评价——以鲁西南煤炭基地为例

通过对鲁西南煤炭基地若干混堆的煤矸石山周围耕作层土壤的实际调查及分析测试资料,研究了煤矸石堆附近耕作层土壤中重金属污染状况。结果表明,土壤局部已经受到Cd、Ni的污染,但未出现多金属复合污染状况。煤矸石堆附近土壤已经受到采矿等人类活动的影响,其中Cd,Hg的人为影响最大。从8种重金属元素含量随深度的变化曲线形态来看,Hg,Cd 2种元素与Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb,As 6种元素曲线形态显示差异性,Hg,Cd元素在土壤中赋存、迁移等应具特殊性,有待进一步研究。     

北部湾墨西哥湾扇贝形态性状与闭壳肌质量的关系

为寻找墨西哥湾扇贝中对其闭壳肌重量影响最显著的形态学特征,在整个扇贝的生长过程中,每一个月测一次壳高(mm)、壳宽(mm)、铰合线长(mm)、体质量(g)和闭壳肌质量(g),每一轮的样本采集量为60,通过通径分析研究这些形态学特征对闭壳肌质量的影响。结果显示,根据各形态学特征对闭壳肌质量的直接的、间接的、总路径的贡献,发现体质量的影响是最显著的(p<0.01),其他的形态学特征如壳高、壳宽和铰合线长对于闭壳肌生长既不限制也不促进。     

Heavy metal research in lacustrine sediment： a review

Heavy metals are released into environment from a wide range of natural and anthropogenic sources. Aquatic ecosystems are normally at the receiving end and in many cases, with lakes as intermediaries. Lacustrine sediments are important sinks for heavy metals and play a significant role in enrichment and remobilization of heavy metals in aquatic systems. Therefore, characteristics of heavy metal in lacustrine sediments become one of the important issues in environmental sciences. Progress in heavy metal research of lake sediments since late 1980s is reviewed comprehensively in this paper from over 100. The Highlights are placed on the establishment of aquatic sediment quality guidelines, references chemical speciation of heavy metals, heavy metal transport mechanisms in lakes, and high-resolution study of lake borehole cores. Meanwhile, suggestions for heavy metal research in lacustrine sediment in the future are proposed, including such issues as using integrated approaches to assess aquatic ecosystem, modem lake dynamic process, high-resolution evolutionary sequence and spatial differentiation of environments and international lake database, which should be referential to the promotion of research on heavy metal in aquatic system.     

Heavy metal content in coral reef sediments from Red Sea of Yemen and its significance on marine environment

In order to determine and assess the concentrations of trace elements in coral reefs sediments from Red Sea of Yemen, sediment samples were collected, treated and analyzed for cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, iead, iron, zinc and vanadium by the atomic absorption spectrometric analysis. The result is that cadmium, cobalt and lead concentrations were high and other elements are low or the same as natural background. It is concluded that the high cadmium, cobalt and lead levels in coral reefs sediments will have negative effects on marine life of the sites, so further researches are needed to characterize the sources fate, biogeochemical processes and impacts of these trace elements on coral reefs and marine of the region.     

Heavy metal content in coral reef sediments from Red Sea of Yemen and its significance on marine environment

In order to determine and assess the concentrations of trace elements in coral reefs sediments from Red Sea of Yemen, sediment samples were collected, treated and analyzed for cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, lead, iron, zinc and vanadium by the atomic absorption spectrometric analysis. The result is that cadmium, cobalt and lead concentrations were high and other elements are low or the same as natural background. It is concluded that the high cadmium, cobalt and lead levels in coral reefs sediments will have negative effects on marine life of the sites, so further researches are needed to characterize the sources fate, biogeochemical processes and impacts of these trace elements on coral reefs and marine of the region.     

滨州海岸带土壤和海底沉积物重金属空间分布特征

通过对滨州近海海域海底沉积物测试数据及海岸带陆域土壤地球化学分析,对滨州海岸带陆域土壤和海底沉积物中7种重金属(Hg,Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni)的空间分布特征进行了研究,并绘制了各指标含量陆海联合分区图。分析结果表明,滨州市海岸带重金属元素含量基本上均低于国标规定的海洋一类沉积物的最高标准,仅有个别元素含量超过一级标准值,表明局部存在一定的重金属污染。从滨州海岸带重金属含量空间分布上来看,除Hg元素外,其余重金属元素含量呈现一定的规律,基本上陆域含量高于海域含量,且大部分元素都呈现出陆域城镇值高,郊区值低的态势。区内化工企业较发达,Ni,Cr属于中度变异区,Cd,Hg,Pb属于高度变异,受人为影响因素较大,考虑区内土壤及海底沉积物重金属富集主要来源于工业"三废"。     

Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions, Dyes and Proteins by Chitosan Composites and Derivatives- A Review

Chitosan composites and derivatives have gained wide attentions as effective biosorbents due to their low costs and high contents of amino and hydroxyl functional groups. They have showed significant potentials of removing metal ions, dyes and pro- teins from various media. Chemical modifications that lead to the formation of the chitosan derivatives and chitosan composites have been extensively studied and widely reported in literatures. The aims of this review were to summarize the important information of the bioactivities of chitosan, highlight the various preparation methods of chitosan-based active biosorbents, and outline its potential applications in the adsorption of heavy metal ions, dyes and proteins from wastewater and aqueous solutions.     

4种重金属离子及其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫的急性毒性试验

研究了铜、锌、镉、铅离子及其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionusurceus)的急性毒性影响,实验结果表明,Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+对壶状臂尾轮虫的24hLC50分别为83 .18μg/L、4 .27mg/L、7. 60mg/L、23 44mg/L,将4种离子按照质量比120∶20∶6∶1的比例配成混合金属溶液,其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫的24hLC50为0 42mg/L。     

Concentrations and Distribution of Trace Metals of PM_(10) and TSP Particles Collected in the Qingdao Area

Aerosol samples of PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 10μm) and TSP (total suspended particles) were simultaneously collected from April 2001 to March 2002 at the top of Mount Baguan on the downtown campus of Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China. The concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined by means of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The monthly variability of the mass concentrations of aerosol particles and the concentrations of trace metals are presented and discussed. The distribution pattern of these metals in PM10 and TSP is also discussed. During the observation period, the mass concentration of PM10 at this site ranged from 13.80 to 306.42μgm-3 , while that of TSP ranged from 31.02 to 568.82μgm-3. Both PM10 and TSP reached their highest concentrations in springtime, while the lowest values occurred in summertime. The concentrations of crustal metals followed the same variation pattern, while those of anthropo     

湛江港湾表层沉积物重金属的分布特征及潜在生态危害评价

利用双道原子荧光分析仪对湛江港附近海域表层沉积物砷、汞、铅、镉的含量进行了分析,阐明了这几种重金属的分布特征。结果表明,As的质量分数为(8.138~16.749)×10-6,平均12.745×10-6;Hg的质量分数为未检出(nd)~0.322×10-6,平均0.059×10-6;Pb的质量分数为(14.306~68.904)×10-6,平均44.258×10-6;Cd的质量分数为(1.561~6.882)×10-6,平均3.0874×10-6;砷、汞、铅从港内往港外有逐渐减少的趋势,镉的分布没有规律性,在整个港湾内的分布较均匀。从单因子污染指数看,砷、汞和铅都属生态危害轻微;镉污染较为严重,属生态危害强;从综合污染指数看,属生态危害中等。     

基于空间自相关和概率论的土壤重金属异常值的识别方法

数据是开展土壤环境质量研究的基础,在实验过程中,由于系统误差和人为误差导致数据异常、降低数据质量,进而对污染评价、修复与管理决策等后续工作带来误判。目前对于此方面缺乏深入的研究和探讨。基于此,本研究提出一种甄别土壤重金属异常数据的方法,并以北京市土壤Cd含量数据为例,对该方法的有效性进行了验证。结果显示,北京市651个土壤Cd数据中有34个数据异常,对甄别出的异常数据进行化学复测,发现76.5%的Cd异常数据（26个）为系统误差和人为误差导致;20.6%的异常数据（7个）为客观存在的异常点。将原始数据修正后,插值预测精度得到了显著提高。Cd异常数据自身的平均相对误差下降44.56%,均方根误差降低33.33%;受异常值影响的邻近点平均相对误差下降20.59%,均方根误差降低17.33%。结果表明本方法可以有效识别出土壤重金属数据中的异常数据,在增加有限样本量和分析时间的前提下提高调查数据质量,为开展区域土壤调查,保障数据质量提供有效的工具。