四种计算地震反应数值方法的比较研究

本文在简要总结了计算单自由度系统地震反应频域方法和时域方法的特点之后,按照统一的递归公式,系统地对计算单自由度体系的四种时域方法即中心差分方法、Newmark方法、Z变换方法、Duhamel逐步积分法进行了对比研究。通过递归系数b1和b2的不变性、传递函数的低频约束条件和相位特性以及数值分析等几个方面说明了上述方法各自的优缺点、相对精度和适用的范围。根据动力平衡方程的算子不变性,研究了上述方法的共性特征,揭示了相对位移、相对速度、相对加速度递归公式的内在联系,这表明只要知道相对位移的递归公式,相对速度、相对加速度的递归公式也就随之确定,在此基础上推荐了一套计算单自由度系统相对位移、相对速度、相对加速度地震反应的递归公式。     

相对位置的地上结构对地铁地下结构地震反应的影响

应用有限元方法和粘弹性人工边界,建立了土-结构动力相互作用体系。对比分析了相对位置上不同的地上结构对地铁地下结构地震反应的影响。分析过程采用平面应变条件下的二维动力时程分析,选择的输入地震时程为Kobe时程。结果表明,地上结构的存在对地铁地下结构的层间相对位移、节点内力等地震反应指标产生了不可忽视的影响;且随着两者相对位置的改变,呈规律性变化。     

基于复频响应传递函数的巨型框架隔震悬挂结构参数分析

本文针对巨型框架单段隔震悬挂结构采用静力凝聚方法建立了两质点简化计算模型,基于所建立的参数化特征值方程分析了悬挂子结构与主结构间的质量比和频率比对结构体系自振频率的影响。通过相对坐标系下运动方程的拉普拉斯变换建立了结构体系相对位移复频响应传递函数,采用数值计算方法分析了悬挂子结构与主结构间质量比、频率比和悬挂子结构阻尼比对相对位移反应的影响。分析结果表明:频率比较小时,结构体系的一阶频率与悬挂子结构自振频率相当;具有较大质量比或频率比的巨型框架隔震悬挂结构可简化为单质点计算模型;高频区域的减震效果相比低频区域的更加突出;以巨型框架较小相对位移反应为控制目标时,质量比与频率比存在最佳取值范围;增加悬挂子结构阻尼比有利于提高结构体系的减震效果。     

重庆测震台网中心武隆MS5.0地震监测情况及成因分析

介绍了重庆武隆MS5.0地震的监测情况,用PTD方法计算得到了相对可靠的震源深度,并用CAP方法反演了震源机制,判定了可能的发震断层,结合周边人类活动分析了发震机理。     

首都圈地区地震重力测量数据的统一处理与分析

对首都圈地区由不同施测单位用不同仪器或不同方法获得的三组重力测量数据,通过绝对和相对测量的联合平差、相对测量结果的系统差消除,建立起绝对的、统一的重力时变体系;在此基础上分析了非构造因素地壳沉降的影响,并进行了测点位移改正,消除了长波干扰;实现了绝对和相对测量方法优势互补、消除矛盾和环境干扰、扩大信息量、加密时域采样间隔等目的,提高了识别构造活动过程的能力．结果表明,两组相对测量数据之间以及其中的10期观测资料中存在系统误差,研究区东南部的非均匀性局部地壳下沉导致10个点重力值线性上升,本文用回归分析的方法进行了改正．改正后的重力时变图对1995年10月6日古冶5.0级地震有明显而完整的反映．      

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组相对高放射性砂岩定量识别（英文）

相对高放射性砂岩储层多数具可观的油气资源潜力。相对高放射性砂岩因其具有与泥质地层相类似的放射性测井响应特征而常被误判进而会导致有效储层遗漏。本文在分析常规砂、泥岩地层中自然电位曲线与自然伽马曲线响应特征及关系的基础上,提出了相对高放射性砂岩定量识别方法。以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组为例:常规砂、泥岩地层中的自然电位曲线与自然伽马曲线响应具有同步性且呈正相关,然而在相对高放射性砂岩中两者并不同步。基于这一关系,实现了相对高放射性砂岩定量化识别,并对自然伽马曲线进行了放射性"虚拟补偿",同时就其测井评价方法进行了探讨。实例表明本文提出的方法有效,可以减少对储层的误判和遗漏。     

城市桥梁粘滞阻尼器防地震碰撞分析与参数设计

研究了粘滞阻尼器防止城市梁桥地震碰撞反应的效果并提出了其参数设计方法。分析了线性粘滞阻尼器与非线性粘滞阻尼器阻尼系数的等效关系。运用随机振动理论与随机等效线性化理论建立了邻联间安装粘滞阻尼器后最大相对位移及墩顶最大位移的计算方法。以控制邻联最大相对位移小于实际间隙为目标,提出了防碰撞粘滞阻尼器参数设计方法。对1座4跨隔震连续梁桥进行了仿真分析,结果表明:粘滞阻尼器能有效抑制邻联的碰撞反应且不会显著增大桥墩的延性需求。在相同阻尼系数的情况下,粘滞阻尼器的速度指数越小,其防碰撞效果越好。利用人工波进行的时程分析结果验证了参数设计方法的可行性。     

地质雷达探测地下管线分类判别方法研究

随着城市化建设步伐加快,如何快速准确地确定地下管线的埋设情况及管道材质种类成为工程地质勘探重要的研究课题.本文通过时域有限差分法(FDTD),对地质雷达探测地下管线的成像进行正演模拟,分析了介电常数影响下金属管线与非金属管线的成像特征.在此基础上,进一步分析了地层与不同介电常数管线分界处的波幅特征,研究了不同介电常数情况下管-土分界面的波幅规律.在相同埋藏条件下,把不同目标体(管道)分界点的波幅与特定材质管道(介电常数为1)分界点的波幅A1的比值定义为相对波幅.根据相对波幅大小,可以分类判别地下管线材质,对于金属管线而言,相对波幅大于1.5,而对于非金属管线,相对波幅小于1.据此,提出了地质雷达探测地下管线时对金属材料与非金属材料地下管线进行分类判别的一种方法,并通过现场试验验证了该方法的有效性.     

裂纹缺陷体积百分数与CT数的关系分析

本文利用混合体的线性衰减系数的线性表示,推导出材料受力环境下,不含杂质时,微裂纹群的出现所带来的密度相对变化量与CT数相对变化量之间的关系式。进一步分析得到了裂纹缺陷体积百分数相对变化量与CT数相对变化量之间的关系式。含单杂质时,得到了裂纹缺陷体积百分数相对变化量与CT数相对变化量的关系式,并且把结论进一步推广到多杂质情形。为后期利用CT进行材料疲劳寿命分析奠定了理论基础。     

流动重力资料处理方法的研究

讨论了流动重力的一般概念,分析和研究了流动重力(相对重力)数据处理的理论和方法。实例表明,实际发生地震的情况和重力变化高梯度带的走向对应较好。指出,用此方法可能给出地震趋势的预测。     

河西走廊黑河口断层上的古地震及年代研究

本文从活断层地貌,断层作用的相关沉积特征,断层面物质受地震作用以后的物理变化等方面讨论了黑河口断层晚第四纪以来发生的古地震期次。并用钙土壤、地貌陡坎演化等相对年代方法,结合一些实验室样品年代,确定古地震发生的年代。结果表明:黑河口断层晚第四纪以来发生过四次古地震事件,一次发生在距今约25000年,另三次发生在距今13000、10500和8500年左右,为不均等间隔。本文还为干旱、半干旱区相对年代方法提供了区域“经验”关系     

A note on the Hertz contact model with nonlinear damping for pounding simulation

Structural pounding during earthquakes has been recently investigated extensively by using different models of impact force. In this paper, reexamination of the Hertz contact model with nonlinear damping is made. Based on this reexamination, the formula used to determine the damping constant in terms of the spring stiffness, the coefficient of restitution and relative approaching velocity of two colliding bodies is found to be incorrect for pounding simulation in structural engineering. In order to correct this problem, a more accurate approximating formula for the damping constant is theoretically derived. The correctness of the derived analytical formula has been confirmed through numerical simulations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅水湖泊水质系统滤波模型研究

本文建立了浅水湖泊水质系统滤波模型和相应算法,根据滇池流场比较稳定等特点,对湖泊进行单元分区,考虑模型误差扰动和观测误差扰动的存在,建立系统的状态方程和观测方程,然后采用吉尔（Gill)算法求解微分方程,进行系统多点连续模拟和实时预报,用此法对1988年滇池BOD,COD时空变化进行连续预报,取得满意结果。     

Experimental investigation of spatially varying effect of ground motions on bridge pounding

Pounding between adjacent bridge structures with insufficient separation distance has been identified as one of the primary causes of damage in many major earthquakes. It takes place because the closing relative movement is larger than the structural gap provided between the structures. This relative structural response is controlled not only by the dynamic properties of the participating structures but also by the characteristics of the ground excitations. The consequence of the spatial variation of ground motions has been studied by researchers; however, most of these studies were performed numerically. The objective of the present research is to experimentally evaluate the influence of spatial variation of ground motions on the pounding behaviour of three adjacent bridge segments. The investigation is performed using three shake tables. The input spatially varying ground excitations are simulated based on the New Zealand design spectra for soft soil, shallow soil and strong rock using an empirical coherency loss function. Results confirm that the spatially nonniform ground motions increase the relative displacement of adjacent bridge girders and pounding forces. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

平均热点参考基准的建立和岩石圈西向漂移的研究

对于大地测量应用来说,目前IERS机构在定义地球参考系时推荐采用岩石圈无整体旋转(No-Net-Rotation-NNR)约束条件,然而对于地球物理应用来说,相对于NNR参考基准的绝对板块运动数据可能会对地幔对流等研究结果产生误导.考虑到热点的运动,提出建立平均热点(MHS-Medial HotSpot)参考基准的方法,给出建立该基准的约束准则,分别以地学模型NNR-NUVEL1A和实测模型ITRF2005VEL为基础,建立了平均热点参考基准MHS-NUVEL1A和MHS-ITRF2005,并与其它基于热点的绝对板块运动模型进行了比较和分析;讨论了岩石圈的西向漂移,给出了岩石圈相对于下地幔整体旋转的更精确的定量估计,即基于实测的热点参考架MHS-ITRF2005和地学模型NNR-NUVEL1A之间的整体旋转为0.26°/Ma,旋转极在(50°S, 62°E),这与由板块的受力模型给出的岩石圈的整体旋转的旋转极很接近,旋转速率大致快了10%.     

A flume experiment to examine underwater sound generation by flowing water

The hydrogeomorphology and ecology of rivers and streams has been subject of intensive research for many decades. However, hydraulically-generated acoustics have been mostly neglected, even though this physical attribute is a robust signal in fluvial ecosystems. Physical generated underwater sound can be used to quantify hydro-geomorphic processes, to differentiate among aquatic habitat types, and it has implications on the behavior of organisms. In this study, acoustic signals were quantified in a flume by varying hydro-geomorphic drivers and the related turbulence and bubble formation. The acoustic signals were recorded using two hydrophones and analyzed using a signal processing software, over 31 third-octave bands (20 Hz–20 kHz), and then combined in 10 octave bands. The analytical method allowed for a major improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio, therefore greatly reducing the uncertainty in our analyses. Water velocity, relative submergence, and flow obstructions were manipulated in the flume and the resultant acoustic signals recorded. Increasing relative submergence ratio and water velocity were important for reaching a turbulence threshold above which distinct sound levels were generated. Increases in water velocity resulted in increased sound levels over a wide range of frequencies. The increases in sound levels due to relative submergence of obstacles were most pronounced in midrange frequencies (125 Hz–2 kHz). Flow obstructions in running waters created turbulence and air bubble formation, which again produced specific sound signatures.     

多层地电断面视电阻率的高精度计算

目前地电的方法在我国已应用到地震预报的研究中,为了了解与地下力学场变化相联系的地电变化,需要了解台址下勘探体积内的电阻率分层情况,从而正确地认识各种影响因素对地电阻率的作用。     

Kinematics of landslide estimated by repeated GPS measurements in the Avcilar region of Istanbul, Turkey

The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial and temporal behavior of the landslide located in Avcilar region which is situated between Kucukcekmece and Buyukcekmece Lakes in the north-west of Marmara region, Turkey. A network consisting of 10 sites has been surveyed four times from November 2007 to May 2009 using Global Positioning System (GPS). The deformation analysis has been applied to determine the landslide movement parameters of the sites using GPS measurements of the four epochs. The reliable and high precision deformation rates are presented in terms of displacement vectors, velocity vectors and changes of accumulated strain. Landslides of the region are characterized from a regional GPS network. Each site has statistically different temporal behavior and significant relative motions and the region has irregular landslide movements.     

Flow resistance in alluvial channel

In the present work, a resistance equation has been developed empirically for the alluvial channel by using a large database of flume and field experimental observations. Advantage of the present model is that it includes the effect of Froude number, Reynolds number and particle relative roughness parameter on friction factor. Developed model predicts well the friction factor in the alluvial channel. The validity of the equation is tested with most recent experimental and field observations and is found in good agreement. Curves of friction factor at different relative roughness have been developed for the field application.