THE COMPILATION OF A DTM AND A NEW SATELLITE IMAGE MAP FOR KING GEORGE ISLAND,ANTARCTICA

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ,ＫｉｎｇＧｅｏｒｇｅＩｓｌａｎｄ (ＫＧＩ)ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔｅｄｓｉｔｅｓｉｎＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａ .Ｉｎｔｏｔａｌ,9ｐｅｒｍａｎｅｎｔｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｓｔａｔｉｏｎｓａｒｅｉｎｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｓｅｖｅｒａｌｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｃａｂｉｎｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｅｄ .ＤｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｅａｓｙａｃｃｅｓｓｖｉａｔｈｅＣｈｉｌｅａｎａｉｒｓｔｒｉｐｔｈｅｎｕｍ ｂｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｉｓｌａｎｄ’ｓｉｎｈａｂｉｔａｎｔｓｒ…     

A GIS-based glacier inventory for the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands —A first case study on King George Island

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Natural Science,1997,1(6) ［11］Jones P D.Antarctic temperatures over the present century——a study of the early expedition record.Journal of Climate,1990,3:1 193～1 203 ［12］Kieffer H and 41 others.New eyes from the skye measure glaciers and ice sheets.EOS,2000,81(24):265,270～271 ［13］King J C.Recent climate variability in the vicinity of the Antarctic Peninsula.International Journal of Climatology,1994,14:357～369 ［14］King J C,Harangozo S A.Climate change in the western Antarctic Peninsula since 1945: observations and possible causes.Annals of Glaciology,1998,27:571～575 ［15］Klser H,Arntz W E.RASCAL (RESEARCH on Antarctic Shallow Coastal and Litoral systems).Untersuchungen zur Struktur und Dynamik eines antarktischen Küstenjosystems.Polarforschung,1994,64(1):27～41 ［16］Klser H,Ferreyra G,Schloss I,et al.Hydrography of Potter Cove,a small fjord_like inlet in King George Island,South Shetands.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1994,38：523～537 ［17］Lucchitta B K,Rosanova C E.Retreat of northern margins of George VI and Wilkins Ice Shelves,Antarctic Peninsula.Annals of Glaciology,1998,27：41～46 ［18］Morris E M.Surface ablation rates on Moraine Corrie Glacier,Antarctica.Global and Planetary Change,1999,22：221～231 ［19］Park B K,Chang S K,Yoon H I,et al.Recent retreat of ice cliffs,King George Island,South Shetland Islands,Antarctic Peninsula.Annals of Glaciology,1998,27：633～635 ［20］Rakusa_Suszczewski S.The maritime Antarctic coastal ecosystem of Admiralty Bay.Department of Antarctic Biology,Polish Academy of Sciences,Warsaw,1993.216 ［21］Rakusa_Suszczewski S.The hydrography of Admiralty Bay and its inlets,coves and lagoons (King George Island,Antarctica).Polish Polar Research,1995,16(1/2):61～70 ［22］Rau F,Braun M,Saurer H,et al.Multi_year snow cover dynamics on the Antarctic Peninsula using SAR imagery.Polarforschung,2000,67(1/2)：27～40 ［23］Rott H,Skvarca P,Nagler T.Rapid Collapse of northern Larsen Ice Shelf,Antarctica.Science,1996,271:788～792 ［24］Rott H,Rack W,Nagler T,et al.Climatically induced retreat and collapse of northern Larsen Ice Shelf,Antarctic Peninsula.Annals of Glaciology,1998,27:86～92 ［25］Skvarca P,Rack W,Rott H,et al.Evidence of recent climatic warming on the eastern Antarctic Penisnula.Annals of Glaciology,1998,27:628～932 ［26］Simes J C,Bremer U F,Aquino F E,et al.Morphology and variations of glacial drainage basins in the King George Island ice field,Antarctica.Annals of Glaciology,1999,29:220～224 ［27］Smith A M,Vaughan D G,Doake C S M,et al.Surface lowering of the ice ramp at Rothera Point,Antarctic Peninsula,in response to regional climate change.Annals of Glaciology,1998,27:113～118 ［28］Smith R C,Stammerjohn S E,Baker K S.Surface air temperature variations in the western Antarctic Peninsula region.Antarctic Research Series,1996,70:105～121 ［29］Splettstoesser J.Antarctic Global Warming? 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一种基于RDBMS的面向对象空间数据模型

本文利用面向对象的抽象、继承和多态等理论和方法,将数据库中的视图、关联、表、角色等概念引入到面向对象的空间数据模型中,提出了一种面向应用、面向主题的基于对象关系数据库的空间数据模型。实践证明:该模型吸收了对象关系数据库高效、安全和协同合作等优势,提高了空间数据使用的灵活性。     

GIS中三维空间数据模型的集成与应用

针对三维地理信息系统中的三维空间数据模型,结合城市规划工作,分析讨论了三维数据模型集成的必要性以及TIN与CSG、八叉树与TEN、矢量与栅格等混合数据模型实现的方法和思路,提出了在城市规划应用中模型集成的适用类型及有关要求.     

异构地理信息处理环境互操作的Internet GIS方法

提出了异构地理信息处理环境互操作的Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ ＧＩＳ方法和基于互操作性的Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ ＧＩＳ构造模型,即分布式超图模型,阐述了其具体实现过程,并以自主开发的Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ ＧＩＳＧｅｏＳｕｒｆ为例验证了此方法。     

A new trapezoidal-mesh based data model for spatial operations

This paper presents a new spatial data model based on trapezoidal-mesh for implementing spatial operations within geographical information systems (GIS). Based only on the solid foundation of spatial operations, diversified application models can be established to bridge the gap between Digital Earth models and the real world with its real-world problems (‘connecting through location’). In this paper, the involved polygon features are decomposed into a series of trapezoidal-meshes. Then, geo-processing operations are employed on these meshes rather than the original polygon features, resulting in a relatively simple spatial computation. As a kind of model designed by integrating raster with vector, the model presented here has advantages over other models when carrying out spatial operations insofar as providing a solid foundation for achieving the grand goal of Digital Earth. The concept of this data model and the two extensive examples of its application in spatial operations are elaborated upon in this article. As a result, this article and the research that supports it, proves that the adoption of the trapezoidal-mesh model greatly improves the efficiency of spatial operations in GIS.     

About the International GIS Workshop on Antarctic King George Island

Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of a hilly–valley region are prepared using stereo images of Cartosat-1 and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) images. The procedure of ortho-image generation from Cartosat-1 stereo images and the estimation of ground features from ortho-image are elaborated in the paper. Comparison of DEMs prepared from both images is discussed in terms of the quality of ground features detection, hydrological applications and geometrical calculations. It is found that DEM prepared from Cartosat-1 images are more accurate in the valley region and hence it is better suited for hydrological applications. On the contrary, for hilly region, SRTM images produce better DEM. However, if ground control points and Rational Polynomial Coefficients can be obtained in the hilly region, more accurate DEM can be prepared using Cartosat-1 stereo images.     

海洋测绘地理空间数据模型(S-100)综述

为全面了解当前海洋测绘地理信息空间数据模型的发展现状、存在问题和下一步研究重点,对海洋测绘地理信息空间数据模型展开了研究。通过搜集、整理当前与海洋测绘地理信息空间数据模型相关的国内外研究文献和技术材料,按照时间序列将研究划分为3个阶段。对理论性研究阶段和应用性研究阶段的研究成果进行了阐述和分析,提出了创新性研究阶段的7个重点研究方向。     

A distributed hypermap model for internet gis

The rapid development of Internet technology makes it possible to integrate GIS with the Internet,forming Internet GIS.Internet GIS is based on a distributed client/server architecture and TCP/IP & IIOP.When constructing and designing Internet GIS,we face the problem of how to express information units of Internet GIS.In order to solve this problem,this paper presents a distributed hypermap model for Internet GIS.This model provides a solution to organize and manage Internet GIS information units.It also illustrates relations between two information units and in an internal information unit both on clients and servers.On the basis of this model,the paper contributes to the expressions of hypermap relations and hypermap operations.The usage of this model is shown in the implementation of a prototype system.     

King George Island GIS (KGIS) project of WGGGI —A state of the art

The presentation contains information on existing geodetic data for King George Island obtained from the questionnaires distributed among the members of the WGGGI.     

空间数据操纵语言实现体系结构研究

在分析对象—关系数据模型的基础上,基于OpenGIS规范,借鉴、参考SQL2语言,以中间层为媒介,针对数据操纵体系及其用户接口,提出了一种可供实现的空间数据操纵语言体系结构,并以实例论述了数据操纵语言对空间数据操纵的全过程。这种将空间数据操作封装并以中间件的方式,插入到GIS应用和RDBMS中,使得对空间数据的操纵能够用数据库界最为常用的SQL语言形式来表达。     

无缝GIS的空间数据组织研究

提出了"无缝GIS"这一全新概念,指出数据组织是无缝GIS实选择方案和海量无缝空间数据组织方法.     

森林资源空间数据更新的时空数据模型研究

地理信息系统(GIS)技术可以实现空间数据和属性数据统一存贮、管理和数据更新,但往往缺失时间数据,较难实现历史查询。本文以森林小班数据为例,分析林木自然生长以外数据更新的空间形态变化,使用图论对森林资源小班数据更新的时空信息进行描述,在此基础上构建森林资源更新的时空数据模型,此模型能够方便地进行历史查询分析。     

基于空间行为的面向对象空间数据模型

本文根据面向对象空间数据模型的相关概念和特点,将地理空间中的空间行为进行建模后纳入面向对象空间数据模型的框架中。面向对象空间数据模型由数据模型和空间行为模型两个部分组成:数据模型包括空间特征数据和属性特征数据;同时将空间行为模型分为两大类,即静态空间行为模型(地理目标间关系)和动态行为模型(地理目标行为)两部分。在此框架提出的基础上,本文利用二进制、XML流等格式文件对该空间数据模型进行了整合和组织。     

Development of a GIS data model with spatial, temporal and attribute components based on object-oriented approach

1 lntroductionA Mraphical object normal1y poSSeSSes threecomPOnents: spatiaI, temporal and attribute asPeCts.The first comPOnent describes the spatial extent ofan object, such as the boundary of a Iand parcel.The second describes timesrelated information, fOrinstance, the beginning and end time of a land Par-cel. The third describes the attribute characteristicsof obects, fOr example, the type of land cover.These three comPOnents constitute a complete im-age of an object.In most of the…     

Development of a GIS data model with spatial,temporal and attribute components based on object-oriented approach

This paper presents a conceptual data model, the STA-model, for handling spatial, temporal and attribute aspects of objects in GIS. The model is developed on the basis of object-oriented modeling approach. This model includes two major parts: (a) modeling the signal objects by STA-object elements, and (b) modeling relationships between STA-objects. As an example, the STA-model is applied for modeling land cover change data with spatial, temporal and attribute components.     

基于GIS的城市人口空间分布模型与应用——以长春市区为例

本文主要研究城市人口空间分布模型在长春市区的应用,目的在于模拟长春市区人口的空间分布情况。本文参考前人研究的基于城镇面积的城市人口密度系数模型,同时考虑交通网对城市人口分布的影响,提出适合长春市区人口空间分布的模型,生成100m(100m网格的人口数据空间分布图。为验证该模型的准确性,将建模所得数据与人口统计数据以街道为单位进行对比,发现模拟结果与调查数据基本相符。     

基于事件的时空数据模型应用研究

本文首先分析和比较了几种有代表性时空数据模型的特点和存在的局限性 ,对基于事件的时空数据模型进行了改进 ,并提出了利用亲缘继承关系进行历史回溯查询 ,根据具体的实际应用 ,在现有成熟的ARCGIS平台上进行扩展 ,验证了该模型的有效性。实践表明 :利用该模型可以有效的进行各种时间、空间和属性的互查 ;时间因素和空间对象的空间特征和属性信息分开存储管理 ,便于时空分析 ,适于进行地理事件与空间对象状态因果关系的推理 ;减小了数据的存储空间 ,以及数据的冗余度     

GIS空间数据转换为DXF格式的方法研究

GIS空间数据具有多源性的特征,为数据综合利用和数据共享带来不便,解决多格式数据源集成一直是近年来GIS应用系统开发中需要解决的重要问题[5]。DXF格式作为一种空间数据转换的事实上的标准,对于GIS软件来说,实现两者的数据转换具有重要意义。本文分析了GIS空间数据与AutoCAD数据模型的组织特征,在比较分析的基础上设计了转换方案,并就实现过程中的关键技术进行了论述。     

全球多分辨率数据模型的构建与快速显示

在总结并分析国内外已有的多种全球数据浏览和显示系统的基础上,采用了全球空间四叉树模型与“视点相关”的处理方式,并将多线程理论有效地应用到超大数据的管理与显示中,建立了合理的多线程访问机制,利用金字塔瓦片数据集管理影像与DEM数据,实现了局域网内的分布存储与分发,并开发了全球海量数据管理客户端实验系统GlobalView。