湖北钟祥累托石粘土造浆机理及影响造浆率因素研究

本文从累托石的晶体化学特征出发,依据双电层理论和累托石的动电性质[ζ电位--48mV(pH=8)],阐明累托石与水作用,形成稳定的凝胶结构原理,论证累托石是一种优质钻井泥浆原料,它的凝胶性能优于膨润土。通过造浆试验、化学分析、 X射线衍射分析及电镜观察,查明影响本区累托石矿石造浆率的主要因素是;累托石含量、结晶度、粒度、形态、伴生矿物及pH值。     

累托石的结晶度研究

本文用峰形分析法分析累托石的001X射线衍射峰特征;用001峰的半峰宽(W)测定累托石的结晶度(G),并令G=K/W=1为最大结晶度。文中测定了5个矿区10件累托石样品的结晶度,详细描述了不同结晶度累托石的X射线衍射、红外谱及差热曲线特征,讨论了研磨、热处理和改型对结晶度的影响,并阐明累托石的结晶度与造浆率之间呈正相关性。     

钠基累托石制备钻井液过程中的造浆率提升实验研究

按OCMA标准测试钠基累托石样品造浆率为14.31m³/t,保持其它条件不变,将制浆搅拌速率由11000r/min降低到钻井现场大致水平800r/min,测试普通条件造浆率为12.78m³/t。再以普通条件造浆率为参照对象,在24h的陈化时间内分别额外增加1h高温100℃加热、1h高速11000r/min搅拌、1h高pH值12.9陈化、25min高频20k超声波等处理方式,测试其造浆率分别为12.39m³/t、13.75m³/t、16.50m³/t、13.99m³/t,同时记录其表观粘度、塑性粘度、滤失量等数据。实验发现:通过在少量水中添加NaOH提高pH值对钠基累托石进行陈化,一定时间后再补充足够量的水降低到需要浓度,可有效提升其造浆率,同时降低浓度后的基浆pH值接近常规钻井液需要pH值10的水平;高频超声波处理虽对造浆率提升幅度不大,但其可在短时间内明显降低钠基累托石钻井液滤失量,效果其次为高速搅拌;高温加热处理基本不改变造浆率,流变性保持稳定,进一步...     

大方猫场累托石粘土矿矿物学及物化性能测试研究

贵州大方猫场黄铁矿累托石粘土矿产于上二叠统龙潭组(P_2l)煤系地层底部,下二叠统茅口组(P_1m)灰岩侵蚀面上,矿层与地层产状一致,属沉积型。矿层平均厚度为2m左右,累托石粘土矿平均含量为54.83％,黄铁矿平均含量为26.73％。累托石粘土矿物经X衍射、红外光谱、差热、扫描电镜及化学分析等测试研究,揭示了该矿物属含水的硅铝酸盐,为二八面体型白云母(含伊利石)层与钙质蒙脱石层的不规则间层矿物,结晶度差,一般呈隐晶质或胶体状。累托石粘土矿物具有特殊的物化性能。本区累托石经部分物化性能测试,其吸兰量均为48.39mmol/100g、pH值均为4.33、胶质价为63.08ml/15g,造浆率低于10m~3/t,阳离子交换量32.13mmol/100g、耐火度为1650℃。     

用烷基铵法测定累托石中蒙皂石层的层电荷及其分布

用系列烷基铵夹层累托石的底面间距ｄ与烷基链的碳原子数ＮＣ关系，测定累托石中蒙皂石层的层电荷及其分布，用十二烷基铵夹层累托石的ｄ值与ξ的回归方程，测量平均层电荷，用格林－凯氏试验（Ｌｉ饱和和２５０℃处理２４ｈ的累托石）后的十二烷基铵累托石样，测定四面体电荷，由平均层电荷与四面体电荷差值估计八面体电荷，十个样品测定结果，除７号样外，层电荷在０．３３－０．３８１ｅｑ／４Ｏ１０之间，八面体电荷占总层电荷的     

累托石止泻机理非生物学实验研究

目前累托石止泻研究未见报道,实验研究累托石止泻相关作用机理。在进行微观结构分析、扫描电镜成像基础上,调制常规用药浓度6%的浆液,模拟胃肠道酸性条件下进行酸缓冲容量、胶体率、析水成膜等体外实验。累托石由类云母层与类蒙脱石层组成的1:1规则间层矿物,具有薄片状特殊结构,其间层矿物已大量用于药物应用,其作为止泻药物具有合理性;累托石酸缓冲容量明显低于蒙脱石,对胃肠道酸性环境影响小,功效温和;酸性条件下,累托石浆液胶体率明显高于蒙脱石,覆盖胃肠道表面发挥成膜保护作用有效成分更稳定,为减少单次用药量提供可能性;酸性条件下,累托石浆液析水量低于蒙脱石,成膜隔离效果更优。通过临床前非生物学实验研究,发现累托石用于止泻药物开发具有潜在价值。     

贵州首次发现累托石粘土矿

1989年初,贵州省地矿局区域地质调查大队,在进行大方县坡缕石矿普查评价的同时,对二迭系上统龙谭组含黄铁矿粘土岩进行了取样,经中国科学院地球化学研究所的测试,在贵州首次发现了累托石粘土矿。 据资料,累托石矿物,于1891年由E.W.Rector发现并命名。累托石矿物晶格是由类蒙托石与类云母层规则交替组成,所以累托石不仅具有蒙脱石的膨胀性、分散性及水化性能,而且     

一种颇具开发价值的世界稀有矿物──累托石

累托石 (Ｒｅｃｔｏｒｉｔｅ)是晶体结构特殊的铝硅酸盐矿物 ,由类云母单元层和蒙脱石单元层在特殊自然条件下构成有序混层结构 ,二者比值常为 1∶1 ,但又不是二者的简单组合 ,尤其是条带状的微观结构颇为罕见。累托石化学组成为 :Ｋｘ(Ｈ2 Ｏ) 4[Ａｌ2 (ＡｌｘＳｉ4-ｘＯ1 0 ) ](ＯＨ) 2 ,其中Ｎａ可代替Ｋ。累托石矿物具有独特的物理特性累托石常为叶片状 ,白色 ,一组完全解理 ,解理片具挠性 ,硬度小于滑石 ,具滑感。它具有一些独特的物理特性 :(1 )累托石的耐火度高达 1 6 5 0℃并能在5 0 0℃状态下保持结构稳定。(2 )累托石遇水极易分散…     

广西巴吉地区全新世累托石粘土岩的发现及其矿物学研究

在中国广西巴吉地区第四纪全新世发现累托石粘土岩层。主要矿物组成为累托石、少量伊利石、叶蜡石和高岭石。X射线分析显示，天然走向片累托石的d（001）=2．3994±0.011nm，经乙二醇处理后，d（001）=2．661±0．005nm，根据MacEwan的直接傅立叶变换法，计算了乙二醇处理后的累托石基面反射的傅立叶变换，并得出两种成分层的概率是PI：PM=0．499：0．501和VC=0．03，表明这是规则性极好的间层矿物。其主要化学组成是SiO2、Al2O3和H2O，微量元素Zr、Pb、Y、Sn含量高于地壳中克拉克值。还利用红外、差热和透射电镜、扫描电镜以及高分辨电镜研究了其矿物学特征。巴吉累托石粘土岩主要是由原生累托石粘土岩层经过侵蚀和搬运再沉积形成的。     

累托石中晶层含量及规则度测定

本文用直接付里叶交换法测定我国产出的10个累托石样品结构中两类晶层(A云母层、B蒙皂石层)含量(A%、B%)及规则度(Re%)。测定结果表明天然累托石中,A/B不等于1,1.27>A/B>1.01。A%为50.5%—55.8%,B%为44.2%—49.5%;A、B层也不是严格规则交替堆垛,规则度Re%为72%—98.6%。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861