Thermal Evolution of the Tanlu Fault Zone on the Eastern Margin of the Dabie Mountains and Its Tectonic Implications

Five samples of muscovite from mylonites of the earlier Tanlu ductile shear zone on the eastern margin of the Dabie Mountains yield 40Ar/39Ar ages ranging from 178 Ma to 196 Ma. Three of them have reliable plateau ages of 188.7±0.7 Ma, 189.7±0.6 Ma and 192.5±0.7 Ma respectively, which indicates a syn-orogenic, sinistral strike-slip thermal event. This displacement movement derived from the continent-continent collision of the North and South China blocks took place in the Early Jurassic and after uplifting of high-pressure to ultrahigh-pressure slabs to the mid-crust. It is suggested that during the collision the Tanlu fault zone was an intracontinental transform fault caused by differential subduction speeds. The 40Ar/39Ar ages of mylonite whole-rock and muscovite from the later Tanlu ductile shear zone suggest another sinistral strike-slip cooling event at 128 Ma. During this strike-slip faulting, large-scale intrusion and doming uplift occurred in the eastern part of the Dabie orogenic belt. Data o     

大别造山带南界襄樊—广济断裂带的演化规律与构造意义

自中三叠世扬子与华北板块发生碰撞—深俯冲作用以来,大别造山带南界上的襄樊—广济断裂带主要经历过两次变形事件: 1)早期变形事件发生在中三叠世末—晚三叠世初的造山带折返阶段,表现为造山带南边界上的韧性剪切带。这期北西—南东走向的剪切带向南西陡倾,发育北西—南东向的矿物拉伸线理,主要为右行走滑的运动性质,属于造山带斜向折返的侧边界走滑剪切带。造山带折返过程中将前陆褶断带北缘原先东西向褶皱改造为北西—南东走向。2)晚期变形事件发生在晚侏罗世,表现为脆性逆冲断层,使得前陆褶断带向北东逆冲在造山带南缘之上,同时在前陆上形成了一系列的逆冲断层。该断裂带的晚期逆冲活动与郯庐断裂带左行平移同时发生,代表了滨太平洋构造活动的开始。     

与时俱进,发展中国大地构造学

郯庐断裂带的起源时间与型式仍然存在着很大的分歧。最近在大别山东缘早白垩世左旋走滑韧性剪切带中 ,发现了早期左旋走滑韧性剪切带。其中三处早期糜棱岩中白云母分别给出了( 188.7± 0 .7)Ma、( 189.7± 0 .6 )Ma、( 192 .5± 0 .7)Ma的40 Ar/ 3 9Ar坪年龄 ,指示了同造山走滑热事件。前陆沉积与变形构造也表明该断裂带在华北与华南板块碰撞中就发生了活动。郯庐断裂带内的造山期构造及旁侧的前陆沉积与变形构造特征 ,指示断裂带同造山运动为转换断层型式 ,并将大别—苏鲁造山带左行错移了约 35 0km ,同时苏鲁造山带发生逆时针旋转。在早白垩世滨太平洋构造活动中 ,该断裂进一步向北延伸 ,发生了约 2 0 0km的左行平移。因而 ,该断裂带起源于华北与华南板块的碰撞之中 ,其同造山运动与这两大板块的碰撞过程相伴生     

郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起北段的左旋走滑挤压变形及其~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年

郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起北段,自西向东分别出露北北东向的韧性滑脱变形带、脆-韧性过渡带和脆性的前陆褶断带。韧性滑脱变形带内的张八岭群片岩,广泛发生了低绿片相背景下的糜棱岩化。其中呈现为平缓的糜棱面理和近南北向的矿物拉伸线理。显微构造及石英C轴组构分析显示,该韧性滑脱带一致为上盘向南的运动。该带以东依次变为上盘向南南东→南东的逆冲活动,总体上为左旋走滑挤压变形带。张八岭群所在的韧性变形带为深部陡立走滑构造与浅部脆性构造之间的滑脱变形带,其间的差异走滑变形,造成了该滑脱层在总体向北运动中出现上盘向南的剪切变形。对6处张八岭群片岩中15个不同粒级白云母的40Ar/39Ar定年指示,变形发生在(236.2±0.5)~(238.0±0.4)Ma的中三叠世晚期。这表明郯庐断裂带的左行平移发生在华北与华南板块碰撞的深俯冲阶段,起源于陆内转换断层。     

前陆沉积与变形对郯庐断裂带同造山运动的制约

郯庐断裂带两侧的前陆沉积及其变形现象,揭示了该断裂带同造山活动的大量信息。合肥盆地东侧的郯庐断裂带旁,侏罗系沉积时出现了沉降中心与边缘相,显示这期间郯庐断裂带所处的张八岭隆起已移位至盆地东侧。砂岩的端元组份分析与碎屑白云母的电子探针分析显示,下扬子地区弧形展布的黄马青群与象山群前陆沉积的物源区为大别——苏鲁造山带,属于原地沉积,表明造山期郯庐断裂带已经出现。大别与苏鲁造山带周边都出现了强烈的前陆褶皱冲断带。合肥盆地前侏罗系基底上印支期的逆冲断层,在郯庐断裂带旁侧明显增多,指示该断裂带曾发生过同造山活动。下扬子地区前陆构造走向向郯庐断裂带方向偏转,反映它们形成时受到了郯庐断裂带左旋走滑运动的影响。这一系列前陆沉积与变形特征,指示郯庐断裂带在华北与华南板块的碰撞造山中以陆内变换断层的型式出现。该断裂带造山期运动中,东盘为主动盘,并发生了显著的逆时针旋转。独特的徐宿弧形逆冲——推覆构造,表明造山期郯庐断裂带左行平移幅度达350km。在该断裂带早白垩世的第二次平移中,断裂带向北延伸,又发生了约200km的左行平移。     

郯庐断裂带肥东韧性剪切带的变形规律同位素年龄及其构造意义

郯庐断裂带肥东韧性剪切带的几何学形态为一正花状左行平移断裂带，目前出露的为该韧性剪切带的根部，具有典型的深层次左行走滑变形特征，肥东韧性剪切带中糜棱岩，超糜棱岩测得的^40Ar/^39Ar全岩年龄分别为120.48Ma和118.75Ma，说明郯庐断裂带的大规模左行平移时代为早白垩世，对该带构造变形和构造叠加的研究表明，肥东浮槎山一带是被郯庐断裂带截切，牵引，叠加，改造的印支期大别一胶南造山带的残块，郯庐断裂带与大别-胶南造山带是不同时期，不同构造系统的产物，前者属于滨太平洋构造系统，后者属于特提斯构造系统。     

大别-苏鲁造山带在朝鲜半岛的延伸方式——基于~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar构造年代学的约束

本文结合野外构造变形特征观测,在朝鲜半岛的不同构造单元采集14件糜棱岩和片麻岩样品进行~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年代学分析,在此基础上通过对比朝鲜半岛与大别造山带不同构造单元的变形特征,探讨大别苏鲁构造带在朝鲜半岛的东延特征,取得如下认识:朝鲜半岛中部的主要构造带在中生代经历了碰撞阶段(~210Ma)、逆冲推覆(200~150Ma)、造山后伸展阶段(140~90Ma)三个主要的构造过程;从变形期次和变形特征看,临津江构造带与大别造山带的北淮阳构造带、苏鲁构造带北部威海地区具有可比性,沃川构造带与南大别构造带有相似之处;在朝鲜半岛,自临津江带至沃川带构成了较完整的中生代碰撞造山带,即大别-苏鲁造山带的东延部分,原认为的"京畿地块"应属造山带的一部分。     

新疆阿克塔斯金矿床黑云母花岗岩锆石U-Pb和绢云母39Ar/40Ar测年及地质意义

阿克塔斯金矿床位于新疆阿尔泰造山带南缘,矿体赋存于黑云母花岗岩与中泥盆统北塔山组中性火山岩接触带,矿石类型主要为石英脉型和蚀变岩型。矿区中酸性侵入岩体的岩石类型为二长花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩。近矿的黑云母花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(329.5±1.8)Ma,成岩时代为早石炭世;主成矿期的金-黄铁矿-石英细脉中的绢云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄为(247.7±1.3) Ma、等时线年龄为(245.1±1.4)Ma,成矿时代为早三叠世。研究表明,阿克塔斯金矿成岩与成矿时代相距80 Ma,为碰撞造山和后碰撞造山不同地质作用的产物。该矿床具有造山型金矿的特点,额尔齐斯断裂带的右形剪切走滑作用控制金矿成矿过程。     

大别造山带与郯庐断裂带衔接区构造特征分析

大别造山带东部与郯庐断裂带南段的衔接处发育有介于二者之间的转换构造,这些转换构造对于揭示二者之间的转换关系起着非常重要的作用。本文对郯庐断裂带桐城段及其邻区发育的转换构造的构造样式和年代学特征进行了分析,并总结得出该处共出露两种不同尺度的转换构造,分别为较大规模北东向偏转的片麻岩构造带和被北东向糜棱岩带非透入性牵引转换的片麻岩带。发生构造转换的片麻岩、同构造脉体及北东向糜棱岩分别给出锆石U-Pb年龄：812～719 Ma,803～629 Ma、242～208 Ma和176～127 Ma以及735～650 Ma、288～216 Ma。结合前人年代学分析,本文认为片麻岩构造的较大规模北东向偏转活动为郯庐断裂带的初期形成活动,受大别造山活动控制;糜棱岩带的剪切活动的发生始于早侏罗世,主要受太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲活动的控制。     

祁漫塔格肯德可克火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb、40Ar/39Ar年龄及地质意义

通过对采集到的肯德可克上泥盆统契盖苏群火山岩样品进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年和~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年,结合区域地质特征,本文对祁漫塔格构造带的多旋回构造演化进行了总结分析。研究表明,契盖苏群流纹岩形成于晚泥盆世(384.9±6.0 Ma),而契盖苏群的形成时间不晚于晚泥盆世。767±15 Ma、915±18 Ma两个继承性锆石年龄证明研究区响应了Rodinia超大陆聚合—裂解。地层、沉积、变质及变形等证据不支持祁漫塔格地区存在晚古生代洋盆或裂陷槽,晚古生代祁漫塔格地区是发育在柴达木西南缘的陆表海。样品~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar有效坪年龄为220.3±1.7 Ma,代表研究区最后一次埋深达约8000 m。晚三叠世火山活动之后,研究区发生大规模抬升,随后叠加了印支晚期、燕山、喜山等多期构造事件导致中新生代缺少大规模沉降。陆内造山持续到32 Ma左右,随后由于库木库里盆地的伸展,祁漫塔格造山带与东昆仑造山带分离。     

Middle Paleozoic convergent orogenic belts in western Inner Mongolia (China): framework,kinematics, geochronology and implications for tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

Based mainly on field geological observation and geochronologic data, six tectonic units have been recognized in western Inner Mongolia (China), including, from south to north: North China Craton (NCC), Southern Orogenic Belt (SOB), Hunshandake Block (HB), Northern Orogenic Belt (NOB), South Mongolia microcontinent (SMM), and Southern margin of Ergun Block (SME), suggesting that the tectonic framework of the CAOB in western Inner Mongolia is characterized by an accretion of different blocks and orogenic belts. The SOB includes, from north to south, fold belt, mélange, arc-pluton belt, and retroarc foreland basin, representing a southern subduction–collision system between the NCC and HB blocks during 500–440 Ma. The NOB consists also of four units: arc-pluton belt, mélange, foreland molasse basin, and fold belt, from north to south, representing a northern subduction–collision system between the HB and SMM blocks during 500–380 Ma. From the early Paleozoic, the Paleo-Asian oceanic domains subducted to the north and the south, resulting in the forming of the SOB and the NOB in 410 Ma and 380 Ma, respectively. This convergent orogenic system, therefore, constrained the consumption process of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in western Inner Mongolia. A double subduction–collision accretionary process is the dominant geodynamic feature for the eastern part of the CAOB during the early to middle Paleozoic.     

郯庐断裂带南段张八岭群变质岩的原岩时代及其构造意义

大别造山带东缘郯庐断裂带上分布着绿片岩相变质的张八岭群。对于它们的原岩时代长期没有同位素年代学数据,而其变形与变质原因也一直没有明确的认识。本次工作中选择了该带上8处张八岭群变火山岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年。结果表明,它们的原岩时代为748~750 Ma,属于新元古代中期的南华纪,为扬子板块下部盖层而非前人认为的变质基底。结合张八岭群的变形与变质特征及前人白云母40Ar/39Ar定年结果,并与大别造山带进行对比,本文认为大别造山带东南缘张八岭群的变形与变质是造山带内俯冲与折返的结果,而其东缘郯庐断裂带内张八岭群的变形与变质是碰撞造山期该断裂带左行走滑活动所致。这些认识再次为郯庐断裂带起源于华北与扬子板块的碰撞过程中提供了重要的证据,也支持其造山期起源于陆内转换断层或斜向汇聚边界。     

论造山带的内部结构

造山带研究的主要内容包括空间、时间、结构和组成。地质学家对各具特色的造山带提出了不同的构造变形组合型式和它们内部构造单元划分方案。大地构造相在一定程度上揭示了造山带形成演化的规律。通过对研究程度较高的一些典型造山带构造单元的分析,以及对其岩性、内部构造、边界关系和演化历史的标志识别,可以判断造山作用发生的时间、强度和期次。     

东秦岭早古生代两条不同构造—岩浆杂岩带的形成构造环境

东秦岭造山带早古生代（５００Ｍａ～４００Ｍａ）分别在北秦岭和南秦岭发育两条构造－岩浆杂岩带。北秦岭带由洋盆消减的火山杂岩和深成侵入杂岩组成，是活动陆缘挤压构造背景的产物；南秦岭带由辉长、辉绿岩体、岩脉，超浅成隐爆的碱基性－超基性火山岩和粗面岩组成，是被动陆缘拉张裂陷环境的产物。它们平行造山带走向分布，南、北对峙，构成时空有序的构造－岩浆杂岩带。其形成的构造机制整体上受旱古生代古秦岭洋盆沿商丹一线的俯冲和消减作用的控制，造成北部俯冲挤压，南部拉张裂陷，同时南部的拉张裂陷也受陆壳之下地幔热柱上涌的影响。     

Characteristics and genesis of Gangdese porphyry copper deposits in the southern Tibetan Plateau: Preliminary geochemical and geochronological results

Porphyry-type Cu (Mo, Au) deposits have been discovered along the Gangdese magmatic arc in the southern Tibetan Plateau. Extensive field investigations and systematic studies of geochemistry, S–Pb isotopic tracing, together with Re–Os and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar isotopic dating indicate that the mineralisation of the copper belt is genetically related to emplacement of late orogenic granitic porphyries during the post-collisional crustal relaxation period of the Late Himalayan epoch. These porphyries are petrochemically K-enriched and belong to shoshonitic to high-K calc-alkaline series. They display enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILE) Rb, K, U, Th, Sr, Pb and depletion of high field strength elements (HFSE) Nb, Ta, Ti and the heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and Y without Eu anomalies. These characteristics demonstrate that subduction played a dominant role in their petrogenesis and residual garnet was left in the magma sources. Pb isotope data show a linear correlation in the plumbotectonic framework diagram ranging from orogenic Pb in the eastern segment of the copper belt to mantle Pb in the western segment. These constitute a mixing line of the Indian Oceanic MORB with Indian Oceanic sediments and suggest that the porphyry magmas were dominantly derived from partial melting of subducted oceanic crusts mixed with a minor quantity of sediments and mantle wedge components.The Gangdese porphyry copper polymetallic belt has alteration characteristics and zonation typical of porphyry-type copper deposits which include potassic alteration (K-feldspathisation and biotitisation), silicification, sericitisation, and propylitisation. Mineralisation mainly occurs in strongly altered granitic cataclasite at the exo-contact with veinlet-disseminated textures. The porphyries themselves are weakly mineralised with disseminated pyrite and chalcopyrite. The copper deposits contain simple ore mineral associations consisting of chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite, molybdenite, sphalerite and oxidised minerals of malachite, covellite and molybdite. During supergene oxidation, primary ores underwent secondary enrichment to form economic orebodies with Cu grade ranging from 1% to 5%.Ore sulphides of the copper belt display S and Pb isotopic compositions identical to the ore-bearing porphyries. Their δ³⁴S values vary between − 3.8‰ and + 2.4‰ and are typical of mantle sulphur. The ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios vary in the ranges: 18.106 to 18.752, 15.501 to 15.638, and 37.394 to 39.058, respectively, and yielded radiogenetic lead-enriched signatures. Twelve molybdenite samples from the copper belt yielded isochron ages of 14.76 ± 0.22 Ma and 13.99 ± 0.16 Ma for the Nanmu and Chongjiang deposits and model ages of 13.5 to 13.6 Ma for the Lakang'e deposit. Meanwhile, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar isotopic dating of two biotite phenocrysts from the Chongjiang and Lakang'e deposits give plateau ages of 13.5 ± 1.0 Ma and 13.42 ±0.10 Ma, respectively. During the geodynamic evolution of the Gangdese collision-orogenic belt, intrusion of the ore-bearing porphyries took place just before the rapid uplift and E–W extension of the southern Plateau. And the ore-forming process may have occurred simultaneously with the uplift and extension (14 ± 0.1 Ma).     

郯庐断裂带早白垩世走滑运动中的构造、岩浆、沉积事件

郯庐断裂带内一系列走滑糜棱岩类的^40Ar/^39Ar测年表明，郯庐断裂早白垩世发生了左旋走滑运动。这一大规模的走滑运动，造成了两类走滑构造，一类为变质岩中低绿片岩相左旋韧性剪切带，另一类为中生代火成岩、沉积岩中的脆性、脆-韧性左行平移断层。这反映断裂带的走滑运动从早白垩世初期持续到早白垩世后期。断裂带的走滑运动诱发大规模的、以富钾、中酸性为主的岩浆活动。地球化学分析显示，这些岩浆岩既有壳源的信息，也有幔源的贡献，反映是断裂减压、壳-幔相互作用下形成的岩浆活动，也暗示断裂带在走滑期切入壳-幔边界。该断裂带走滑运动中，除了在莱阳盆地形成了拉分盆地外，还在合肥盆地东部造成了走滑挠曲盆地，控制下白垩统朱巷组的沉积，郯庐断裂带早白垩世走滑运动中的构造、岩浆、沉积事件，是西太平洋伊泽纳崎板块高速斜向俯冲的结果，属于滨太平洋构造。     

东昆仑祁漫塔格地区白干湖钨锡矿田白云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年及地质意义

东昆仑祁漫塔格地区白干湖钨锡矿田是认识中国西北地区钨锡矿床成矿规律的重要窗口。作者对采自含矿石英脉的2个白云母样品进行40Ar/39Ar定年,获得其坪年龄分别为(422.7±4.5)Ma和(421.8±2.7)Ma。2个样品的等时线年龄与反等时线年龄也在误差范围内一致,分别为(424±15)Ma和(418±24)Ma,表明分析数据可信。获得的白云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄指示成矿作用发生在晚志留世,与原特提斯洋闭合事件密切相关,闭合后的陆陆碰撞使富含成矿物质的变质沉积物重熔而形成花岗岩浆;花岗岩浆侵入并析出含矿热液,导致钨锡成矿。     

盆山耦合与前陆盆地成藏区带分析

经济全球化导致油气勘探全球化,板块学说在理论上提供全球油气勘探基础,亚洲大陆与北美大陆盆山体系在实践上提供全球油气勘探经验。盆山耦合体系存在3类造山带与3类前陆盆地即:(1)俯冲造山带与弧后前陆盆地;(2)碰撞造山带与周缘前陆盆地;(3)陆内造山带与陆内前陆盆地。前陆盆地成藏区带勘探中,在空间上应将造山带前麓褶皱—冲断带层与前陆盆地作为统一应变场,在时间上应将前冲断作用沉积层序,同冲断作用沉积层序和后冲断作用沉积层序作为整体来进行勘探。     

Late Palaeozoic mineralization and tectonic evolution of the West Junggar metallogenic belt,Central Asia: constraints from Re–Os and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology

ABSTRACT

The West Junggar Metallogenic Belt (WJMB) is located between the Tianshan fault system and the Ertix fault system in the western part of the Central Asian Metallogenic Domain (CAMD). The belt features widespread late Palaeozoic granitic plutons, strike-slip faults, and porphyry copper and orogenic gold deposits. We collected nine molybdenite samples from the Baogutu III–IV Cu–Mo deposit and the Suyunhe Mo–W deposit, and 12 granitoid samples from the Jiaman, Kangde, Kulumusu, Bieluagaxi, Hatu, Akbastau, Miaoergou, Baogutu, Karamay, and Hongshan plutons in the WJMB. Molybdenite Re–Os dating gives metallogenesis ages of 312.7 and 299.7 Ma for the Baogutu III–IV and Suyunhe deposits, respectively. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar thermochronology yields biotite ages ranging from 326 to 302 Ma and K-feldspar ages from 297 to 264 Ma, indicating a regional medium-temperature cooling history in the WJMB during the late Carboniferous to middle Permian. By integrating these data with previous zircon U–Pb, amphibole ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar, and zircon and apatite fission-track ages, we reconstruct the whole thermal history of the WJMB, which includes late Palaeozoic intrusive magmatism, porphyry Cu and W–Mo mineralization, and late Mesozoic tectonic uplift and exhumation of the WJMB. The regional ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar cooling ages are consistent with the timing of regional sinistral strike-slip faulting, thereby indicating the tectonic significance of the cooling ages. We suggest that the biotite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages represent the static cooling of the granitic plutons after emplacement, since the ages are consistent with the U–Pb ages of the plutons. Thereafter, the oldest K-feldspar ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age may record the initiation of sinistral strike-slip movement on the Darabut, Mayile, and Baerluke faults. The regional faulting resulted in significant uplift of the WJMB during the early and middle Permian.     

Early Cretaceous transpressional and transtensional tectonics straddling the Sulu orogenic belt,East China

The Sulu orogenic belt (SOB) separates the North and South China blocks in East Asia and formed during Triassic continent-continent collision. However, late Mesozoic post-collisional exhumation is poorly understood due to lack of surface evidence for Paleo-Pacific subduction and associated effects. This paper interprets the tectonic history of the SOB using detrital zircon age data from Early Cretaceous sedimentary units along with previously published geochronologic and geochemical data to reconstruct sedimentological and tectonic history. Detrital zircon age distributions obtained from sedimentary units include a 2.0 Ga subpopulation that appears only in turbidite units to the southeast. This sediment probably derived from the Yangtze Block. Terrestrial facies from the Jiao-Lai basin to the northwest appear to derive from the North China Block. Geochronologic and geochemical data indicate that Early Cretaceous, post-collisional volcanism was compositionally bimodal (mafic-felsic) with associated intrusive activity that peaked at 120 Ma. Seismic images of northerly regions of the study area indicate this occurred in an extensional setting. Sedimentary facies and field structural analyses revealed an unconformity interpreted to reflect rapid uplift with NW–SE compression to the south. Given observed sinistral movement along the Tan-Lu fault, we interpret northwest and southeast regions of the SOB as experiencing transtensional and transpressional tectonics, respectively, driven by continuous subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate. Intrusion of the Late Yanshannian granitoids marked the final formational stage of this unique tectonic setting.