近20年来中国人口重心与经济重心的演变及其对比分析

采用近20年来中国各省（市、区）的人口、GDP、工业、农业、第三产业的产值及消费额数据，计算出其各年的重心坐标，定量表示出中国近20年来人口、GDP、工业、农业、第三产业及消费重心的动态演化过程。在此基础上分析了中国人口、经济发展、生活水平区域差异的动态变化及其之间的关系，以及各要素动态演化的驱动因子。结果表明：近20年来，中国人口重心表现为缓慢地向西南方向移动；GDP、工业、第三产业和消费额重心向东南方向移动。与中国几何中心比较，区域差异在总体上是扩大了；与人口重心相比较，东西方向呈不平衡态势发展，南北方向则开始趋于平衡；而农业重心则表现为无规律性变化。     

Tidal gravity and ocean tide loading in Europe

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The results are presented from tidal gravity measurements at five sites in Europe using LaCoste and Romberg ET gravimeters. Improvements that we have made to the accuracies of these gravimeters are discussed. It is shown that the 'standard' calibration of the International Center for Earth Tides, used for worldwide tidal gravity profiles, is 1.2 per cent too high. The M₂ and O₁ observations are compared with model calculations of the Earth's body tide and ocean tide loading and it is shown that there is a very significant improvement in the agreement between observations and models compared to that obtained with previous tidal gravity measurements. For O₁, where the ocean tide loading and attraction in central Europe is only 0.4 per cent of the body tide, our measurements verify that the Dehant-Wahr anelastic body tide model gravimetric factor is accurate to 0.2 per cent. It is also shown that the effects of lateral heterogeneities in Earth structure on tidal gravity are too small to explain the large anomalies in previously published tidal gravity amplitudes. The observations clearly show the importance of conserving tidal mass in the Schwiderski ocean tide model. For sites in central Europe, the M₂ and O₁ observations and the models are in agreement at the 0.1 μgal (10⁻⁹ m s⁻²) level and tidal corrections to this accuracy can now be made to absolute gravity measurements.