Choosing the Best Exchange Vectors to Describe a Mineral with Solid Solutions

An algebraic method is developed for choosing exchange vectors that best describe composition variations in a mineral when several analyses are available. The method combines lower rank approximation of the matrix of chemical formulae with canonical angle analysis of proximity between spaces (both using singular value decomposition). After choosing the best exchange vectors, approximate mineral compositions are obtained. They can be expressed by their coordinates onto the exchange vectors taken as new axes or as approximate chemical formulae. The method is applied to a set of chemical analyses performed on several magnetite crystals with variable composition.     

基于GIS的磁测信号奇异值分解应用研究

本介绍了奇号异值分解的原理．采用混合编程的方式．实现了奇异值分解程序与GIS平台的无缝集成；结合鄂尔多斯盆地某地区铀资源勘查项目．基于GIS平台把磁测数据作为二维实矩阵进行奇异值分解。通过对不同奇异值对应的正交空间基进行组合．在区域场与局部场的分离、砂岩型铀矿弱信息提取及断裂构造识别等应用领域取得了较好的试验效果。     

基于奇异值分解和小波阈值方法的地震资料处理方法

奇异值分解是一种基于代数特征值的提取方法,小波变换是一种时间频率域的去噪方法,两者在去噪方面各有特点。将奇异值分解和小波阈值去噪的方法有机地结合起来,用于消除地震勘探资料中的随机噪声。仿真实验显示对于较低信噪比资料仍有很好的处理效果。     

Damped least-squares inversion of confined aquifer pumping data based on singular value decomposition

An iterative method for calculating the transmissivity and storage coefficient from pumping test data for a confined aquifer is presented. The method optimizes the fit between the measured and the theoretical data (computed using the Theis equation) in the leastsquare sense. Unlike the existing schemes, this method employs the Levenberg-Marquardt method and the singular value decomposition technique resulting in a stable and rapidly convergent data inversion algorithm. The inverse procedure is initialized by an automatically created starting model derived using a novel technique that operates on the timederivative of the drawdown curve. An important feature of the algorithm is that all the computations are done in logarithmic space which effectively linearizes the pmblem. The proposed method has several advantages over the conventional iterative inversion algorithms because of the linearizing parameterizations at both the forward and inverse stages of the problem. Detailed derivations of the basic equations are provided to guide the potential users as well as applications to field data to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

Spatiotemporal Changes of Vegetation Cover in Response to Climate Change on the Tibetan Plateau

The Tibetan Plateau is one of the most important ecological barriers in China.Resolving the internal relations and dynamics ruling the association between regional vegetation and climate change is important to understand and protect the regional ecosystems.Based on vegetation,temperature and precipitation data of the Tibetan Plateau from 2001 to 2010,we analyze the spatial and temporal variations of vegetation cover over the past 10 years and discuss the vegetation response to climate change using empirical orthogonal function and singular value decomposition.Our results reveal the following：（1） vegetation cover gradually decreases from the southeast to the northwest of the Tibetan Plateau; （2） vegetation cover has increased on the Tibetan Plateau over the past 10 years,mainly in the central and eastern zones; and （3） a significant positive relationship was suggested between vegetation cover during growing season and the temperature in the entire region and with precipitation in the central and southern zones.     

花岗岩型铀矿铀地球化学场分形奇异值分解研究

介绍了分形奇异值分解方法的原理和实现过程,在桃山花岗岩型铀矿矿集区开展了应用试验,利用该方法将桃山地区1/5万铀地球化学场分解为噪声场、区域地质背景场和局部异常场,在提取隐伏铀矿弱信息方面取得了较好的应用效果。     

关于频率电磁测深几个问题的探讨(七)——解析广义逆矩阵反演法

从目标函数的线性化出发,采用奇异值分解法求广义逆矩阵并适当加阻尼,用迭代法直接解超定方程实现改进广义逆矩阵反演。进一步从理论与实际结合上阐明改进广义逆矩阵反演法的灵活、稳定,它涵盖了多种反演方法的优点,又具有自身特点,在实际应中适应性强,并能提供一些辅助信息,可更好地评价解释结果。     

北半球季节性冻融区与北半球夏季降水关系的研究

针对冻融过程引起的土壤湿度异常与北半球夏季降水的关系, 基于1981 - 2010年ERA5的月降水和土壤湿度资料, 采用奇异值分解（SVD）方法, 分析了北半球季节性冻融区春季土壤湿度和北半球夏季降水的年际变化特征以及它们之间的相关关系。结果表明： 北半球季节性冻融区春季土壤湿度年际变化的大值区与北半球夏季降水年际变化的显著区之间存在较好的对应关系; 季节性冻融区春季土壤湿度与夏季降水之间存在着指数函数变化关系, 在北美西部、 西亚以及东亚的大部分地区, 春季土壤湿度与夏季降水呈显著的正相关, 表明季节性冻融区春季土壤湿度的增加会引起该地区夏季降水的增加。     

轻质土密度、强度与材料组成的关系研究

论述了轻质土试样的制备方法,对轻质土密度、无侧限抗压强度与材料组成之间的关系进行的研究表明：密度主要受到EPS颗粒添加量的影响;无侧限抗压强度主要受到水泥添加量、EPS颗粒添加量的影响。在此基础上给出了适合于工程应用的轻质土的配方公式。     

Surface displacement estimation using multi-temporal SAR Interferometry in a seismically active region of the Himalaya

The Indian subcontinent is one of the most earthquake-prone regions of the world. The Himalayas are well known for high seismic activity, and the ongoing northwards drift of the Indian plate makes the Himalaya geodynamically active. During the last three decades, several major earthquakes occurred at the plate interiors and boundaries in this subcontinent causing massive losses. Therefore, one of the major challenges in seismology has been to estimate long recurrence period of large earthquakes where most of the classical Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Approaches fail due to short catalogues used in the prediction models. Therefore, during the past few decades, the Himalayan region has been studied extensively in terms of the present ongoing displacements. In this context the present study has been carried out to estimate the surface displacement in a seismically active region of the Himalaya, in between Ganga and Yamuna Tear, using multi-temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry. A displacement rate of 6.2–8.2 mm/yr in N14°E direction of the Indian plate towards the Tibetan plate has been obtained. It has been noted that the estimated convergence rate using Differential SAR Interferometry technique is relatively low in comparison with those obtained from previous classical studies. The reported low convergence rate may be due to the occurrence of silent/quite earthquakes, aseismic slip, differential movement of Delhi Hardwar ridge, etc. Therefore, in view of the contemporary seismicity and conspicuous displacements, a study of long-term observations of this surface movement has been recommended in future through a time-series SAR Interferometry analysis.     

核磁共振T_2谱奇异值反演改进算法

通过分析最佳奇异值保留个数与信噪比的关系,改进了传统的SVc反演算法,提出了一种新的实现非负约束的迭代方案.数值模拟实验和实际应用表明,改进的奇异值分解算法可以适用于低信噪比(5相似文献   

陕西旬阳小河口-两河关段朱家湾滑坡地质概况及其稳定性分析

为确保西安—安康二级公路的质量,运用了地质和地震物理两种勘探方法对滑坡区作了地表和深部地质勘探,查清了滑坡对工程的影响程度。主要对该区的地质情况、滑坡体的成因及其稳定性进行了分析、综合研究,得出一些对工程的实施起积极作用的结论。     

Relationships among remotely sensed soil moisture,precipitation and landslide events

Landslides are triggered by earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, and heavy continuous rainfall. For most types of slope failure, soil moisture plays a critical role because increased pore water pressure reduces the soil strength and increases stress. However, in-situ soil moisture profiles are rarely measured. To establish the soil moisture and landslide relationship, a qualitative comparison among soil moisture derived from AMSR-E, precipitation from TRMM and major landslide events was conducted. This study shows that it is possible to estimate antecedent soil moisture conditions using AMSR-E and TRMM satellite data in landslide prone areas. AMSR-E data show distinct annual patterns of soil moisture that reflect observed rainfall patterns from TRMM. Results also show enhanced AMSR-E soil moisture and TRMM rainfall prior to major landslide events in landslide prone regions of California, U.S.; Leyte, Philippines; and Dhading, Nepal.     

Compositional Data Analysis of Geological Variability and Process: A Case Study

Developments in the statistical analysis of compositional data over the last two decades have made possible a much deeper exploration of the nature of variability and the possible processes associated with compositional data sets from many disciplines. In this paper, we concentrate on geochemical data. First, we explain how hypotheses of compositional variability may be formulated within the natural sample space, the unit simplex, including useful hypotheses of sub-compositional discrimination and specific perturbational change. Then we develop through standard methodology, such as generalised likelihood ratio tests, statistical tools to allow the systematic investigation of a lattice of such hypotheses. Some of these tests are simple adaptations of existing multivariate tests but others require special construction. We comment on the use of graphical methods in compositional data analysis and on the ordination of specimens. The recent development of the concept of compositional processes is then explained, together with the necessary tools for a staying-in-the-simplex approach, such as the singular value decomposition of a compositional data set. All these statistical techniques are illustrated for a substantial compositional data set, consisting of 209 major oxide and trace element compositions of metamorphosed limestones from the Grampian Highlands of Scotland. Finally, we discuss some unresolved problems in the statistical analysis of compositional processes.     

应用奇异值分解与二维经验模型分解提取金矿化致矿重力异常

奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)和二维经验模型分解(bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition,BEMD)2种方法用于鲁西铜石金矿田的金矿化致矿重力异常提取.通过对比研究得出如下结论:①基于重力数据,由BEMD和SVD 2种方法获...     

Asymmetric measures of association, closed data, and multivariate analysis

The association between constant-sum variables X_i and X_j expressed as percentages can be calculated as a product-moment correlation between X_i and X_j/(100 – X_i ) and a correlation between X_j and X_i/(100 – X_j ). An asymmetric, square matrix may be formed from these coefficients, and multivariate analysis performed by two methods: singular value decomposition and canonical decomposition. Either analysis avoids problems in the interpretation of correlation coefficients determined from closed arrays, and provides information about dependencies among the variables beyond that obtained from the usual correlation coefficient between X_i and X_j.Two examples show the canonical decomposition to have the greater usefulness.     

基于方位相交的纵波AVA数据运用SVD反演HTI介质裂缝密度

裂缝密度是定量预测裂缝性储层的重要参数之一。Varela利用方位角上的反射系数,运用SVD方法反演HTI介质裂缝密度。笔者将不同方位角测线中两两相交测线的反射系数做差,对反射系数差值运用SVD方法反演HTI介质裂缝密度,各向异性参数在做差后的反射系数中具有更显著的作用。笔者首先针对2种方法的基本原理进行了阐述,然后进行数值计算,并对反射系数存在随机扰动情况下2种方法的反演结果进行对比,最后对笔者提出的改进方法进行稳定性分析。反演结果显示：噪声较小时,2种方法的反演结果都接近真实值,然而当增大噪声时,改进的方法比原方法反演结果更好,因此改进的方法比原方法更具有抗噪能力;随着相交测线夹角的增大,改进的方法受随机扰动影响的稳定性增强,在方位正交时受随机扰动的影响最小;纵波高信噪比AVA数据越多,反演的结果越稳定。     

砂土颗粒形状量化及其对力学指标的影响分析

砂作为一种特殊的散体材料,其宏观物理力学性质,如密实度、剪切特性（临界状态角,剪胀角）、压缩性及颗粒破碎特征等均受到颗粒形状的影响,目前为止,对于砂粒土颗粒形状的量化工作,未到达成熟阶段。试验采用普通光学显微镜获取3种不同砂颗粒及一种相似材料（玻璃球）数字图像,利用ImageJ图形软件对其进行黑白二值化处理,获取颗粒形状轮廓边界;从3个层次定义颗粒形状参数,并利用java语言编制形状量化插件程序,计算砂粒各形状参数值,最后通过相对密度试验、直剪试验测试不同砂样的极限孔隙比、剪切强度指标。试验结果表明：整体轮廓系数、球形度、棱角度3项形状参数可作为不同砂粒形状鉴别和量化的关键参数,且与剪胀角、临界状态摩擦角均具有良好的相关性,试验提供了一种量化砂颗粒形状的有效方法,并可将得到的关键量化参数应用到宏观力学性质分析与数值模拟工作中