雌性条斑星鲽脑垂体组织学观察

采用H.E染色法、Mallory染色法、Heidenhain-Azan(简称HA)法、鱼类脑垂体染色法(简称Jafri)及电镜技术对雌性条斑星鲽Verasper moseri的脑垂体进行了组织学和超微结构的研究,探讨了促性腺激素分泌细胞与性腺发育的关系。结果表明,雌性条斑星鲽脑垂体呈背腹型,由神经垂体和腺垂体两部分组成。神经垂体为一束神经纤维,中间夹杂两种垂体细胞和两种胶质。腺垂体结构复杂,分为前腺垂体(RPD)、中腺垂体(PPD)和后腺垂体(PI),腺垂体内鉴别出6种内分泌细胞。前腺垂体内有3种:催乳激素(PROL)分泌细胞、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)分泌细胞和促甲状腺激素(TSH)分泌细胞;中腺垂体含有生长激素(GH)分泌细胞、促甲状腺激素(TSH)分泌细胞和促性腺激素(GtH)分泌细胞;后腺垂体内含有一种促黑色素激素(MSH)分泌细胞。雌性条斑星鲽脑垂体内只发现一种类型的GtH分泌细胞,其内含有大小两种分泌颗粒.同时也研究了垂体中其他细胞的特点。     

鲻鱼脑垂体组织生理学的研究

本文应用多种脑垂体染色技术和免疫组织化学方法对鲻鱼脑垂体各部分的组织结构进行较详细观察。结果表明,鲻鱼脑垂体可分为神经垂体和腺垂体两部分。腺垂体又 可分为前外侧部、中外侧部的体积随性腺发育成熟而增大。嗜生细胞（促性腺激素细胞）的分布从中外侧部扩展至前外侧部,同时还可区分促甲状腺细胞与促性腺激素细胞在中外侧部的形态和分布。免疫组织化学方法进一步证实脑垂体梁色技术所鉴定各种类型细胞的正确性。这项研究对     

久效磷对雄性金鱼分泌细胞超微结构的影响

利用电镜技术观察了久效磷暴露条件下,金鱼中腺垂体促性腺激素细胞、生长激素细胞和促甲状腺激素细胞以及精巢Leydig氏细胞超微结构的变化。结果表明,久效磷对中腺垂体分泌细胞及精巢Leydig氏细胞膜系统的损伤最为严重,主要表现为垂体3种分泌细胞核膜水肿、局部溶解,染色质有不同程度的收缩现象,粗面内质网水肿,部分溶解呈空泡状;精巢Leydig氏细胞核膜局部溶解,染色质轻微凝聚,粗面内质网水肿,局部溶解,线粒体内嵴水肿、局部溶解。久效磷对金鱼中腺垂体促性腺激素细胞、生长激素细胞和促甲状腺激素细胞及精巢Leydig氏细胞结构的损伤是影响内分泌细胞激素分泌功能的原因之一。     

17β-雌二醇对鲻鱼脑垂体促性腺激素细胞分泌活动的影响

本文用组织学方法研究了17β－雌二醇对鲻鱼脑垂体促性腺激素分泌细胞（gonadotropin cell,GtH)发育成熟和分泌活动的影响。结果表明，17β－雌二醇能够促使鲻鱼脑垂体GtH细胞发育成熟。表现在实验组（高和低剂量组）给药2个月后，脑垂体中外侧部多数GtH细胞胞质充满分泌颗粒，而对照组GtH细胞胞质尚未充满分泌颗粒。另外，给药5个月后，高剂量和低剂量实验组多数GtH细胞胞质出现空胞，而对照组空泡则很少。这说明17β－雌二醇有促进GtH细胞的分泌活动，并促使鲻鱼性腺提早发育。这些结果可为17β－雌二醇的作用机制提供科学依据。     

细胞外钙和钾离子对调节离体鲤脑垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响

作者于１９９０年９月－１９９１年１月采用离体灌流培育方法对鲤鱼脑垂体促性激素的分泌调节进行研究。结果表明，脑垂体基础促性腺激素（ＧｔＨ）分泌不依赖于细胞外钙离子（Ｃａ＾２＋）；但脉冲式鲑鱼促性腺激素释放激素（ｓＧｎＲＨ）刺激的ＧｔＨ分泌，则依赖于细胞外Ｃａ＾２＋且细胞外Ｃａ＾２＋的作用至少部分通过电位敏感性Ｃａ＾２＋通道。５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ高浓度钾离子（Ｋ＾＋）显著刺激脑垂体基础ＧｔＨ分泌，Ｋ＾＋的     

中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)脑垂体的形态和ACTH细胞定位

为研究中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)神经内分泌系统的基本结构和功能,本文对中华鲟脑垂体的组织形态进行了观察,结果表明中华鲟的神经垂体较小,腺垂体可分为前、中和后腺垂体三部分,神经垂体形成分支插入后腺垂体。中华鲟垂体还有一个特点是有分支的垂体裂。前腺垂体位于垂体前侧,细胞间隙大,细胞分散呈窦状。中腺垂体细胞间隙小,细胞密集呈条索状,嗜酸性细胞和嗜碱性细胞区分明显。后腺垂体包围在神经垂体周围。腺垂体中有长且分支的垂体裂,腺垂体形成许多突起深入其中,垂体裂周围的细胞密集,染色深,排列成类似上皮组织的形态。免疫组化结果表明,中华鲟脑垂体ACTH细胞主要分布于后腺垂体。ACTH的前体基因是POMC,RT-PCR证明其主要分布在脑垂体中,在体内其他组织中基本检测不到。编码ATCH的片段位于POMC中最保守的区域。预测发现POMC基因有一个26氨基酸的信号肽,将不带信号肽的POMC基因插入表达载体。再转染HELA细胞POMC主要在细胞质中表达,而带有信号肽的POMC蛋白在细胞内很少,推测可能分泌到胞外,信号肽对POMC表达和功能发挥起重要作用,本研究结果可为该基因在中华鲟神经内分泌研究中提供参考。     

赤点石斑鱼脑垂体组织生理学的研究

本文采用多种染色法研究赤点石斑鱼脑垂体各叶不同细胞的形态特征,促性腺激素释放素对嗜碱性细胞的生理影响。讨论了脑垂体促性腺细胞的成熟过程与其性腺发育的关系。     

鲈鱼脑垂体促性腺激素分泌细胞与性腺发育的关系

用Ｈｅｉｄｅｎｈａｉｎ－Ａｚａｎ三色法、Ｃａｎｅｒｏｎ Ｓｔｅｅｌｅ法和ＰＡＰ免疫细胞化学技术,对鲈鱼脑垂体促朱激素（ＧＴＨ）分泌细胞进行定位,然后确定该细胞发育成熟性腺发育之间的相互关系。可为人工培育鲈鱼亲鱼时,适时用外源性激素诱发其性腺提早成熟,提供科学依据。     

某些环境因子对罗非鱼脑垂体催乳激素分泌细胞活动的影响

于1986年11月—1987年2月,对冬季培育在普通池塘(矿化度150.00mg/L)和温泉池塘(矿化度89.73mg/L)的尼罗罗非鱼(Tilapia nilotica)脑垂体前叶超微结构观察比较的结果表明:降低水环境矿化度会导致催乳激素分泌细胞高的活性。对温泉池不同温度组罗非鱼脑垂体催乳激素分泌细胞的超微结构形态学比较以及进行细胞胞体和胞核体积测定比较的数据证明:温度变化是影响催乳激素分泌细胞活动的重要因素;在温泉环境中,催乳激素分泌细胞的体积无明显昼夜变化。     

鲤鱼神经垂体的超微结构研究

经电子显微镜观察，提出鲤鱼（Ｃｙｐｉｎｕｓｃａｒｐｉｏ）神经垂体（ｎｅｕｒｏｈｙｐｏｐｈｙｓｉｓ）由有髓神经分泌纤维和三种无髓神经分泌纤维（Ａ．Ｂ．Ｃ）以及垂体细胞和毛细血管组成。神经分泌纤维与垂体细胞之间存在着突触联系，神经分泌纤维之间只有细胞间连接（桥粒）。在神经垂体组织中还存在Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两种结构与功能不同的垂体细胞，另外在血管间道内观察到了很少见的特殊空泡结构     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.