点荷载试验评价孔底岩基强度和承载力的方法

岩石点荷载强度试验可以求得岩石点荷载强度指数，由强度指数与抗压强度之间的关系可以换算出岩石的单轴抗压强度，进而可计算出岩基承载力，通过工程实例，介绍了点荷载试验评价人工挖孔桩底岩基强度和承载力的方法，并与岩基载荷试验结果进行了对比。     

红层微观结构与工程地质特性研究

本文应用扫描电镜，Ｘ－衍射，压汞试验及力学强度试验等方法，研究了兖州及徐州地区红层的物质组成，孔隙结构，力学强度及膨胀和崩解特性，初步探讨了红层对煤矿建井与煤层开采的影响。     

岩体与锚固体间粘结强度的确定

在预应力锚索设计参数的确定中，岩体与锚固体间粘结强度的确定是其十分重要的环节。现有的确定方法大多基于经验与现场试验的结合，费时费工，故有必要根据已有的试验资料确定一种定量方法。通过对国内30余例工程的统计分析表明，岩体与锚固体的粘强度不仅与岩石单轴抗压强度有关，还与内锚固段裂隙的分布与性质有关。通过室内外试验进一步建立了适合国内岩体质量指标确定的粘结强度经验公式与内锚段长度设计系数的图系，同时，也可为岩锚加固数值仿真提供经验判据。实例计算表明，所提供的确定方法与岩锚试验结果较为吻合。     

岩石三轴强度试验

通过自制岩石三轴压力室和配备液压泵与现有万能材料试验机组成岩石三轴试验系统，进行岩石三轴强度试验研究，并与其它方法比对，结果相近，满足了科研和生产的需要。     

模拟基坑开挖过程的试验研究

采用三轴剪切试验对基坑开挖过程中土体卸荷的应力路径进行模拟，研究了由于侧向卸荷对土体抗剪强度指标产生的影响，并从土的微观结构角度分析了产生这一现象的原因。试验结果表明，经过侧向卸荷过程土样的抗剪强度指标与常规三轴试验明显不同。     

曲线铁路路基下沉病害检测与分析

以阐明曲线铁路路基下沉病害检测、基床强度评估和病害成因分析方法为目标，采用轻便动力触探试验和土工试验方法对沪宁线下行k55 450-k55 500曲线路基下沉病害段进行了试验测试，根据轻便动力触探和土工试验结果，计算出曲线路基基床承载力，与曲线线路路基中总应力进行比较，评估了基床强度状况，分析出该段曲线铁路路基病害产生的成因。     

常规三轴压缩条件下的负乘方型岩石强度准则

为较高精度地评估岩石在不同围压条件下的三轴强度，根据岩石破坏时的主应力差与围压呈上凸的非线性特征，提出负乘方型强度准则。通过将该准则与Mohr-Coulomb准则和Hoek-Brown准则进行精度比较，结果表明，乘方型准则参数对围压变化具有较低的敏感度，且该准则可以更高精度地评估岩石三轴强度。应用公开发表文献中多种不同类型岩石的三轴试验数据，对负乘方型强度准则的适用性进行验证，结果显示，在不同围压条件下，该准则评估的岩石三轴强度与试验强度均非常一致，说明负乘方型准则对评估不同类型岩石的三轴强度具有较好的适用性；同时，通过与目前岩石力学界认为较好的指数型准则的比较，得到两种准则评估的岩石三轴强度平均相对误差MRE均在5%以内，其中负乘方型准则具有更高的精度。该准则可为深部岩石工程开挖与支护等设计提供参考。      

红层的微观结构与工程地质特性研究

本文应用扫描电镜、ｘ─衍射、压汞试验及力学强度试验等方法，研究了兖州及徐州地区红层的物质组成、孔隙结构、力学强度及膨胀和崩解特性，初步探讨了红层对煤矿建井与煤层开采的影响。     

砂石桩与低强度混凝土桩组合型复合地基在软土地基中的应用（一）

本文通过试验与工程实践，介绍用碎石桩及低强度混凝土桩组合构成复合地基的试验成果，计算方法及应用检测成果。     

水泥土工程特性的室内试验与分析

通过室内试验研究了上海地区主要两个软土层的水泥土强度和压缩变形特性，分析了影响无侧限抗压强度的主要因素，验证了预测最终强度的回归公式以及变形模量E50与强度的关系。     

冻融作用对饱和粉质黏土抗剪性能的影响

为研究季节冻土地区冻融作用对道路边坡土体抗剪性能的影响规律,在不同冻结和融化温度、不同冻融循环次数、开放和封闭体系条件下对冻融饱和原状粉黏土试样进行了不固结、不排水剪切试验。试验结果表明:饱和原状粉质黏土冻融后,黏聚力降低,内摩擦角增大,冻结温度越低,冻融作用对黏聚力和内摩擦角的影响越小,随着冻融循环次数的增加,5～7次冻结循环后二者的变化逐渐趋于稳定。水分补给会强化冻融作用对试验土抗剪性能的影响;融化温度对试验土的抗剪性能影响很小。     

基于结构性的冻结黄土力学特性试验研究

通过对重塑冻结黄土和人工结构性冻结黄土（通过对重塑黄土添加水泥获取）进行室内三轴剪切试验,研究了围压、含水量、温度、水泥含量等因素对冻结黄土力学行为的影响. 结果表明：不同试验条件下,非饱和土试样和饱和土试样的应力-应变关系呈现不同的特点. 温度和围压是影响冻土体强度的主要因素,温度越低,其破坏强度越高;非饱和土样强度随围压增大而增大,饱和土体强度受围压影响很小. 初始含水量是影响冻土体强度的另一主要因素,对非饱和土样,随着含水量的增加土体强度逐渐增高,达到某一峰值之后随含水量继续增加而减小,饱和土体强度最低. 对非饱和土样,水泥含量越高,对应的破坏强度也就越大;但对饱和土样,水泥含量对冻土的应力-应变行为及强度影响不大. 最后,提出了与所试验土体强度参数相关的综合性系数M,通过回归分析,得出了其与c和tan φ的关系,并验证了其可靠性.     

青藏冻结粉土与混凝土基础接触面本构关系研究

土冻结过程中,冰胶结作用使周围土体颗粒与建（构）筑物基础联成一体,这种胶结力称为土与基础间的冻结强度,通常采用冻土沿物体（例如基础材料）表面的剪切强度来度量。因而,冻土与基础接触面的应力-应变关系及其强度特征是确定冻土区基础工程承载力、抗拔性能和分析构筑物与冻土相互作用的基础和关键。为了更好地服务于工程实际,通过大量的冻结粉土与混凝土基础接触面剪切试验,总结了冻土接触面的基本力学特征和受力变形规律。根据获取的剪应力-位移曲线和冻结粉土接触面强度变化规律,利用标准本构模型建模方法,建立了冻结粉土接触面应力-位移-温度本构方程。该模型可以较好地描述不同温度冻结粉土接触面应力-位移变化规律,并为冻土区构筑物受力和变形数值计算提供基础。     

青藏高原冻结粉质黏土直剪蠕变特性试验研究

针对青海-西藏±500 kV直流联网输电线路工程塔基基础设计问题,在青藏高原五道梁处取地表粉质黏土,制备不同含水率、不同密实度的重塑土样,在-2 ℃条件下进行了直剪蠕变试验。结果表明,冻结粉质黏土剪切蠕变曲线除了在个别较高应力下具有加速蠕变阶段外,大多数蠕变曲线只有非稳定蠕变和稳定蠕变2个阶段,表现为衰减型蠕变。通过长期强度方程计算出冻土长期强度衰减值。冻结粉质黏土长期强度与含水率、密实度密切相关：在含水率较低情况下,冻土长期强度随含水率的增加较为明显,之后随含水率的增加,冻土长期强度逐渐降低;相同含水率情况下,密实度大的冻土长期强度较高。     

Research status and prospect of tensile strength of frozen soil北大核心CSCD

A comprehensive grasp of the research status of tensile strength of frozen soil is the basis for further research. Firstly,the typical methods that can be used to test the tensile strength of frozen soil are introduced,and the test conditions,sample forms and stress mechanism of different test methods are described in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of typical tensile strength test methods are compared and listed. Secondly,the research work and shortcomings based on different test methods are summarized. Then,the latest research progress of the influence of temperature,water content,loading（deformation）rate,soil quality and sample size on the change law of frozen soil tensile strength is comprehensively analyzed. Finally,it is proposed to develop and improve the research method and system of frozen soil tensile strength,and increase the testing research of warm frozen soil tensile strength,so as to obtain the prospect of more accurately simulating the tensile failure behavior of frozen soil. It is pointed out that the internal cause of the formation of the tensile strength and the tensile failure mechanism of frozen soil should be thoroughly revealed by combining the research methods of microstructure and digital image technology of frozen soil. Based on the multi-factor test,a more perfect prediction method of frozen soil tensile strength is explored. Meanwhile,expand the in-situ test research on the tensile strength of frozen soil,and strengthen the parallel research ideas of indoor and outdoor double tracks. Through the analysis of the research status and development trend at home and abroad,it provides reference and guidance for the experimental study of frozen soil tensile strength,the improvement of theoretical model of frost heave,geotechnical engineering design in cold regions and artificial freezing reinforcement engineering. © 2022 Science Press (China).     

Long-term strength attenuation characteristics and yield criterion of frozen soil北大核心CSCD

Frozen soil is generally regarded as a strongly rheological geomaterial. The strength attenuation of frozen soil is an important inducement for disease and instability in subgrade engineering, pile engineering and artificial freezing construction. Few efforts have been made to investigate the attenuation characteristics of strength envelope surface for frozen soil under complex stress states experimentally and theoretically. Considering this, at a temperature of -6 ℃, a series of triaxial stress relaxation tests under various confining pressures were carried out on the frozen subgrade soil specimens at strength points. The degeneration of strength parameters and stress attenuation process of frozen soil under complex stress states were systematically studied. The degradation law and mechanism of cohesion and internal friction angle are synchronously revealed in the stress relaxation process. Testing results indicate that the stress relaxation process of compacted frozen soil is significantly influenced by confining pressure. The stress relaxation ratio is increasing linearly with the rise of confining pressure if the confining pressure is beyond 1. 5 MPa. The anti-relaxation ability of frozen soil is greatly reduced during high confining pressure conditions:the stress relaxation ratio of frozen soil is only 41. 94% under 1. 5 MPa, but exceeds 90. 30% under 16 MPa. The strength of frozen soil attenuates linearly with time in the semi-logarithmic coordinate system. When the confining pressure is higher than 1. 5 MPa, the strength attenuation rate of frozen soil increases with the rise of confining pressure. As the development of stress relaxation of frozen soil, cohesion decreases linearly but internal friction angle increases linearly with time in the semi-logarithmic coordinate system. It manifested that the cementation in frozen soil shows evident rheological features and it is a key inducement for strength attenuation. Moreover, the attenuation law and value of cohesion in frozen soil which is measured by triaxial stress relaxation test are similar to the spherical template indenter test results. This may provide a new test method for obtaining the long-term strength and cohesion of frozen soil. On the basis of test results, the stress states of frozen soil in all stress relaxation curves at 12 relaxation durations were captured, and the rate-dependent variation characteristics of strength envelope in p-q stress space were analyzed in detail. Under high confining pressures, the strength envelope of frozen soil shows different geometric features as time goes on. In addition to the decline of level, the strength surface exhibits clockwise rotation with time, and the third stage sharply decreases at first and then becomes flat. Based on the analysis of characteristics of experimental strength surface and evolution law of strength parameters during the stress relaxation process, a rate-dependent strength theory for frozen soil considering the stress relaxation effect is established in this paper. © 2022 Science Press (China). All rights reserved.     

干密度和细粒含量对砂卵石及碎石抗剪强度的影响

通过对河床砂卵石及爆破碎石的无黏性粗粒土直接剪切试验,对比分析了在不同试验状态下两种粗粒土的细粒含量和干密度分别对其抗剪强度参数的影响以及抗剪强度参数变化规律;试验结果表明,两种粗粒土的抗剪强度参数基本是随着干密度的增大而增大,摩擦角在细粒含量较小时稳定在某一特定值,随着细粒含量的增加而迅速减小;而当干密度增加到一定程度后不同试料在不同试验状态下,咬合力各自都将趋于某一稳定值。从两种试料的试验状态来看,非饱和固结抗剪强度参数相应地比饱和固结的大,河床砂卵石的抗剪强度参数比爆破碎石的大;对同一级配的河床砂卵石在不同相对密度下进行的直接剪切试验结果表明,其抗剪强度参数随着干密度的增大而增大,最终有趋于某一稳定值的趋势。     

冻结盐渍砂土单轴强度特性研究

通过对兰州盐渍砂土重塑土添加不同量的盐分来模拟不同含盐量的盐渍土, 并对其进行单轴抗压试验, 分析其在不同含盐量、不同温度及不同速率的应变加载情况下, 冻结盐渍砂土的单轴抗压强度的变化规律, 重点讨论了盐分对土体力学参数的影响以及弹性模量与含盐量、温度的关系. 结果表明: 易溶盐含量的增加会导致单轴抗压强度逐渐降低, 试验温度越低抗压强度会越大; 应变加载速率的增加会增大土体的单轴抗压强度, 同时会缩短土体达到应力峰值的时间; 土体含盐量越大弹性模量越小, 温度越低弹性模量越大.     

非饱和冻土的强度分析

冻土的强度是由土颗粒与冰的结合强度所决定,冰含量(或初始含水量)和干容重是非饱和冻土强度的主要影响因素.干容重越大,土骨架能够承受荷载的有效面积越大,冻土的强度也越大.同样干容重下的非饱和冻土,冰含量越多,冰与土颗粒的结合面积越大,承受的荷载能力增强,冻土的强度越大.为此,提出冰饱和度的概念,建立了非饱和冻土强度与饱和冻土强度关系,它涵盖了干容重和冰含量的影响作用,揭示了非饱和冻土强度的机理.通过试验验证,该关系式与试验结果具良好吻合.     

膨胀土临界状态强度特性及其模型拟合

针对蒙自地区膨胀土,进行了饱和重塑条件下的固结排水(CD)与固结不排水(CU)试验,系统研究了饱和土在不同固结围压3、初始干密度d、初始含水量0、剪切速率、排水条件下的应力应变特性。通过对临界状态试验结果的归一化处理,揭示了不同试验方法对同一土样抗剪强度量测差异的内在统一性,得到了重塑饱和膨胀土在固结排水与不排水条件下p'-q-空间内的破坏线。利用双曲线模型较好地拟合了弱硬化型应力应变曲线,用指数曲线模型拟合了弱软化型应力应变曲线,为模拟边坡在降雨条件下的抗剪强度变化及构筑物土体处于正常水位时的强度状态等工况提供了技术参数与理论支持。