浙江萤石矿床的稀土元素地球化学特征木

文章根据浙江14个萤石矿床(点)的94个萤石和49个赋矿岩石样品的稀土元素分布特征,将萤石矿床分为两种类型:即轻稀土富集型(萤石的∑REE=30×10~(-6)～80×10~(-6),Y=10×10~(-6)～50×10~(-6),∑Ce/∑Y≥1,La/Yb>6);重稀土富集型(萤石的∑REE=40×10~(-6)～70×10~(-6),Y=30×10~(-6)～110×10~(-6),∑Ce/∑Y<1,La/Yb<3)。前者从早阶段到晚阶段,萤石的∑REE及Y含量趋于减小,LREE/HREE及La/Yb值增大;后者从早期到晚期,萤石的∑REE和Y含量以及LREE/HREE和La/Yb比值变化则相反。轻稀土富集型萤石的矿床规模越大,萤石与未蚀变围岩的REE含量差值越大;重稀土富集型萤石的矿床规模越大,萤石与未蚀变围岩的REE含量差值越小。     

内蒙古东七一山萤石矿床的稀土元素地球化学特征及成因

运用等离子质谱和等离子体光谱对内蒙古东七一山萤石矿的萤石矿石和围岩样品的稀土元素进行了系统分析.结果表明,矿石的∑REE<30×10-6,LREE为5×10-6～15×10-6,HREE<5×10-6,Y<20 ×10-6;而围岩的∑REE>290×10-6,LREE>240×10-6,HREE>40×10-6,Y>70×10-6.可将萤石矿石的稀土元素的分布型式分为轻、重稀土富集型两类一类矿石的∑REE多小于29×10-6,LREE/HREE和La/Yb分别大于7和12,δEu、δCe的变化范围分别为0.85～1.10,Ce、Eu基本不显异常;另一类的∑REE 约18×10-6 ,LREE/HREE和La/Yb分别小于3和2,δEu为0.45～0.70,δCe为0.70～0.90,具明显的负Eu异常,Ce微具负异常.矿石与围岩的稀土地球化学研究显示,该萤石矿系岩浆热液成因.     

贵州织金磷块岩型稀土矿含矿岩系REE地球化学特征与稀土富集

贵州织金下寒武统戈仲武组(?1gz)磷矿富集大量稀土,但是磷块岩中REE富集机制问题尚不清楚。本文对贵州织金不同稀土含量区间(262×10~(-6)、262×10~(-6)～527×10~(-6)、527×10~(-6)～761×10~(-6)、761×10~(-6))的磷块岩的研究表明,磷块岩的稀土配分均显示出Ce负异常、Eu无明显异常、MREE富集以及富集重稀土元素Y的特征。(La/Sm)N-δCe及δPr-δCe图解显示织金磷块岩Ce异常为真实的Ce异常,代表磷块岩形成在氧化环境。但当时海水的氧化环境并不是控制MREE富集的决定因素。(La/Sm)N-SmN、(Gd/Yb)N-YbN散点图显示MREE富集是稀土在富集过程中稀土发生分异的结果。(Dy/Sm)N-δEu散点图以及Eu无明显异常说明织金磷块岩形成过程中可能无热水作用的参与。地史时期"老磷块岩"普遍存在重稀土亏损的特征。     

中国南方离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿类型及其母岩控矿因素探讨

传统认为中国南方的离子吸附型稀土矿床可划分为以“足洞式”为代表的重稀土型和以“河岭式”(或“花山式”)为代表的轻稀土型两种矿化类型。然而，近年来发现的许多矿床(如清溪、寨背和馒头山等)的赋矿风化壳中出现了轻稀土矿与重稀土矿并存现象，表现出特殊的“上轻下重”双层矿体结构。这指示了除重稀土型和轻稀土型之外，还存在着轻重稀土共生型的过渡类型。本研究通过对三种不同成矿类型的若干典型矿床系统对比，指出成矿类型的多样性与母岩性质密切相关，尤其是母岩的稀土元素地球化学和稀土载体矿物属性是制约成矿类型变化的关键因素。统计数据表明，从重稀土型→轻重稀土共生型→轻稀土型，成矿母岩的全岩稀土总量变化不大(ΣREY: 200×10-6~450×10-6→200×10-6~500×10-6→200×10-6~800×10-6)，但轻重稀土配分值出现较显著的区间性差异(ΣLREE/ΣHREY: 02~1→1~5→2~10)。与之同时，母岩中能为离子相稀土提供物源且具有重稀土配分属性的稀土副矿物类型和数量明显减少，这与全岩稀土元素地球化学特征中重稀土分量占比的降低趋势也互相匹配。该结果指示，以往认为重稀土配分母岩形成重稀土矿床、轻稀土配分母岩形成轻稀土矿床的传统观点需要外延，即一部分具有低度轻稀土配分属性(1＜ΣLREE/ΣHREY＜5)且含有丰富易风化稀土副矿物的母岩还可能形成轻重稀土共生型矿床，该认识可为今后离子吸附型稀土矿床勘查工作提供新的找矿依据。     

广东信宜-罗定地区含锡花岗岩类的稀土元素地球化学特征和成因

广东信宜-罗定地区含锡花岗岩类呈复式小岩体产出,由花岗斑岩和花岗岩组成.岩石的稀土元素总量高(w(ΣREE)为236.75×10-6～383.28×10-6);从第一阶段花岗斑岩到第二阶段花岗岩的稀土总量降低;轻重稀土的比值ΣCe/ΣY(0.77～1.38)较低;具有弱的Ce负异常和强烈Eu亏损(δEu=0.015～0.119);稀土元素配分模式呈海鸥型.岩石属于大陆板内张性构造环境下高侵位形成的壳源重熔型花岗岩类.     

新疆西准噶尔包古图金矿微量元素地球化学研究

包古图金矿由石英脉型和蚀变岩型矿体组成,该矿的热液成矿期可以划分为4个阶段:粗粒石英脉阶段(Ⅰ)、含金细粒硫化物-石英脉阶段(Ⅱ)、含金粗粒自然砷-辉锑矿-石英脉阶段(Ⅲ)以及方解石脉阶段(Ⅳ),其中阶段Ⅱ和Ⅲ是主要的金矿化阶段,形成自然金赋存于毒砂、含砷黄铁矿中,银金矿被自然砷、辉锑矿包裹。阶段Ⅰ石英脉的稀土元素总量(0.83×10-6~3.67×10-6)明显低于阶段Ⅱ(11.01×10-6~30.18×10-6),轻重稀土元素分馏[(La/Yb)N=8.53~21.89]较阶段Ⅱ[(La/Yb)N=6.90~10.40]明显,但总体具有与区内中酸性侵入岩相似的稀土元素配分模式;阶段Ⅰ石英脉具有弱Eu正异常(δEu=1.09~1.80),阶段ⅡδEu主要集中于1.36~0.67之间;所有样品显示弱Ce负异常或无Ce异常(δCe=0.87~1.01)。矿化围岩和含矿石英脉中的黄铁矿均显示右倾型稀土元素配分模式,但石英脉中黄铁矿轻重稀土元素分馏更明显[(La/Yb)N=24.0~36.1],所有黄铁矿均具有明显Eu负异常(δEu=0.50~0.64)。不同阶段石英脉和黄铁矿中Ce、Eu异常表明成矿流体逐渐向较还原的状态演化。黄铁矿的Co/Ni比值(1.60~10.50)指示初始成矿流体为中温。包古图金矿含矿石英脉与区内广泛发育的中酸性斑岩体、岩脉在时间和空间上密切相关,具有相似的稀土元素配分模式,以上特征指示包古图金矿成矿作用与区内晚石炭世中酸性岩浆活动有关。     

贵州盘州地区中三叠统关岭组底部绿豆岩地球化学特征及沉积环境分析

为了查明盘州地区绿豆岩中锂多金属富集情况,本次工作在盘州地区中三叠统关岭组底部地层中共采集21件绿豆岩样品。分析测试结果显示,Li的含量介于5767×10-664137×10-6之间(平均33243×10-6),最高含量相当于014%的Li2O含量;轻稀土元素(LREE)含量介于9597×10-651612×10-6之间(平均25778×10-6),最高含量相当于006%的REE2O3含量,高于风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床轻稀土最低工业品位005%0098%。通过对盘州地区绿豆岩进行系统的微量元素和稀土元素地球化学分析表明:绿豆岩大部分微量元素含量与上陆壳元素丰度几乎相符,相对富集Li、Y、Cs、Rb等稀有元素,亏损Tl、Ba、Sr、Cd、In等分散元素和过渡元素Ni;稀土元素总量(∑REE)介于10837×10-658976×10-6之间,平均值为29570×10-6,稀土元素配分模式图显示轻稀土富集的右倾型分布特征,具有较明显的负Eu异常;(La/Yb)CN、(La/Sm)CN和(Gd/Yb)CN显示,轻重稀土之间分馏明显、轻稀土分馏中等、重稀土分馏程度不明显;由稀土元素Eu异常和La/Yb-ΣREE图解可知,绿豆岩母岩来源于沉积岩、花岗岩和碱性玄武岩—大陆拉斑玄武岩的混合,其中沉积岩组分来源于北侧的泸州隆起区,母岩中的花岗岩和碱性玄武岩—大陆拉斑玄武岩组分则与火山喷发有关;绿豆岩铈异常(Ceanom)、Sr/Ba和Rb/Sr说明,盘州地区绿豆岩总体形成于气候温暖潮湿的半局限台地,处于淡水—半咸水沉积环境,水体呈弱还原—氧化状态。     

桂北向阳坪铀矿床矿石矿物LA-ICP-MS原位稀土元素地球化学特征及其对成矿流体的制约

向阳坪铀矿床是桂北苗儿山地区最具代表性的花岗岩型铀矿床,对该矿床矿石矿物REE开展了微区原位研究并结合前人研究成果进行了综合分析,表明铀黑∑REE介于689.12×10~(-6)～869.31×10~(-6)之间,LREE相对富集,HREE相对亏损具强Eu负异常及Ce正异常,TE_(1,3)值介于1.26～1.33之间,具典型M型四分组效应;沥青铀矿∑REE介于569.73×10~(-6)～3 373.83×10~(-6)之间表现出两种特征:①LREE富集,HREE亏损,轻重稀土元素分馏程度较大具强Eu负异常和弱Ce正异常,配分曲线呈右倾型;②轻重稀土元素分馏程度较小,Eu负异常明显弱Ce负异常,配分曲线呈海鸥型。围岩稀土元素配分模式相似,Y/Ho值范围狭窄,指示具有相同物源;矿石矿物稀土元素与围岩存在较大差异,亲缘性不明显。成矿作用伴随围岩发生蚀变及围岩高铀背景;成矿流体具多阶段、富U-Y-REE特征,铀主要来自深部热液,围岩贡献不显著;矿床定位受构造-岩体联合控制,矿体规模、形态受构造规模、产状控制。     

中国西北地区石炭系泥岩稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

详细研究了中国西北地区石炭系泥岩的稀土元素地球化学特征。各样品稀土总量为18 86× 10 -6～ 6 2 0 4× 10 -6,变化较大 ,其中祁连地区REE总量为 76 49× 10 -6～ 6 2 0 4×10 -6,甘肃永昌煤山子剖面的稀土总量最高 ,新疆北部地区泥岩和灰岩 (泥灰岩 )的稀土总量均较低。各泥岩样品的轻稀土富集 ,Eu负异常 ,δEu介于 0 44～ 0 90之间 ,δCe部分为正异常 (>1) ,部分为负异常 (<1)。研究区样品的Sm含量与北美页岩样品相比为正异常 ,Dy出现负异常的样品较多。根据稀土元素δCe和Ceanow的变化 ,反映当时新疆北部地区水介质环境大部分为缺氧的还原条件 ;祁连地区为海陆过渡环境 ,部分为氧化条件 ,另一部分为缺氧的还原条件 ,这与其他相标志所显示的结果是一致的。根据稀土元素组合及比值的变化 ,显示物源区母岩为花岗岩和玄武岩的混合来源 ,稀土分布模式均为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损型 ,重稀土配分曲线较为平坦 ,显示源岩为粘土岩、花岗岩和中性岩的混合来源。     

青藏高原安多岛弧型蛇绿岩地球化学及成因

安多蛇绿岩位于西藏安多县城北侧、班公错-怒江缝合带中段.该蛇绿岩块呈近东西向展布,长约25km,宽约5km,主要由低钾拉斑玄武岩和辉长岩组成.高精度ICP-MS分析结果表明,玄武岩和辉长岩稀土总量较低,均具有亏损型稀土配分型式,∑REE =29×10-6～44×10-6, ∑LREE/∑HREE=0.90～1.06, (La/Yb)N=0.29～0.41, (Ce/Yb)N=0.42～0.60, 表明其源于N-MORB型亏损地幔源区.然而,相对于典型的大洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)而言,其Nb和Ta,尤其是Nb含量明显偏低(Nb=0.6×10-6～3.13×10-6, 平均1.19×10-6 ; Ta=0.072×10-6～0.253×10-6, 平均0.105×10-6), 在N-MORB标准化痕量元素配分图上具显著的Nb谷.表明安多玄武岩+辉长岩组合既非典型的洋中脊成因,又与岛弧型火山岩有一定区别,它们很可能形成于边缘海(弧后)盆地环境,由于消减带之上的地幔对流导致新洋壳的产生而形成,是特提斯大洋岩石圈在俯冲过程中引发弧后次级扩张的产物.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861