Age and thermal history of the Maksyutov metamorphic complex: 40Ar/39Ar evidence

The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar method with stepwise heating was used to date phengite and glaucophane in the contact zone of garnet glaucophanite an omphacite-garnet rock (eclogite) from the lower unit of the Maksyutov metamorphic complex. The correlation of the measured age and the sizes of the phengite flakes indicates that the behavior of radiogenic Ar in them was controlled by the mechanisms of volumetric diffusion. Taking into account the fact that all of the rocks have the same thermal history, the dates most close to the age of metamorphism are those of the largest phengite flakes from garnet glaucophanite: 392 Ma. The age values obtained on phengite from an omphacite-garnet rock sampled at the maximum distance from the contact are equal to 378 Ma and correspond to the time when the rocks cooled to temperatures below 350°C. The results of numerical simulations indicate that the metamorphic age is no younger than 400 Ma, and the linear cooling rate can be estimated at 3.40 ?0.75/+1.24°C/m.y. The maximum values of the phengite ages are consistent with the dates of glaucophane from three rock samples: 389–411 Ma.     

辽宁丹东地区侏罗纪花岗岩的变形时代：^40Ar／^39Ar年代学制约

辽东半岛出露大量片麻状花岗岩,其锆石U-Pb年龄为180～157Ma,该套岩石的最大特点表现在岩石明显经历了早期上盘向NW推覆和后期近EW向伸展作用的韧性改造,然而其变形时代却一直未得到确定。本文以丹东市西南部黑沟二云母二长花岗岩岩体为例,通过激光^40Ar/^39Ar年代学研究探讨该岩体的变形时代。激光^40Ar/^39Ar定年结果表明,黑沟岩体经历的早期推覆、挤压事件发生在～143Ma,而后期地壳伸展作用则发生在121～113Ma,并且该区在早白垩纪期间经历了快速冷却、抬升过程。从而表明在晚侏罗纪-早白垩纪期间(143～113Ma)辽东半岛经历了区域构造体制变革。结合前人大地构造研究成果,本文认为辽东半岛晚侏罗纪-早白垩纪NW向推覆、挤压事件是古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲作用的结果,而晚期(早白垩纪)的地壳伸展事件是古太平洋板块俯冲作用的转向和变速、华北东部岩石圈较薄以及挤压后地壳松弛等综合作用的结果。     

柴北缘鱼卡多硅白云母40Ar/39Ar年代学研究及其外来40Ar来源探讨

采用激光阶段加热40Ar/39Ar定年技术,选取柴北缘超高压变质带鱼卡地体超高压变质岩及其围岩的6个多硅白云母进行了Ar同位素分析,获得丰富年代学数据。榴辉岩和云母斜长角闪岩多硅白云母具有高Si、高Mg含量的特征,阶段加热给出复杂的表观年龄图谱,总气体年龄（708~534 Ma）和等时年龄（681~513 Ma）都明显老于区内榴辉岩锆石U Pb年龄,暗示样品含大量外来40Ar。相比之下,围岩花岗质片麻岩和白云母石英片岩多硅白云母具有相对低Si高Fe的特征,阶段加热给出平坦的40Ar/39Ar年龄谱,对应坪年龄分别为454和418 Ma。构成年龄坪的数据点形成了线性关系良好的反等时线,并获得同坪年龄一致的等时年龄,能与区域地质年龄很好地吻合。坪年龄454 Ma解释为花岗质片麻岩冷却到约400 ℃时的时间,同时也代表了鱼卡变质岩在经历了深俯冲超高压变质作用后,从上地幔折返抬升至中上地壳深度的时限;片岩多硅白云母坪年龄418 Ma纪录的则是区内一次强韧性剪切事件发生的时代。考虑到榴辉岩和斜长角闪岩原岩为变基性玄武岩类,其主要含钾矿物角闪石的Ar封闭稳定性较高,同时在超高压变质过程中,它们处在一个相对封闭和缺乏流体活动的极端地质环境,所以认为鱼卡榴辉岩多硅白云母外来40Ar来自原岩而非后期渗入的流体,属于“继承”40Ar的范畴。     

40Ar/39Ar geochronological constraints on the age and evolution of the Permo-Triassic Emeishan Volcanic Province,Southwest China

The biostratigraphically constrained Permo-Triassic Emeishan Volcanic Province (EVP), extending over wide areas in southwest China, has been recently considered as a Large Igneous Province contemporaneous with the Siberian Traps and the siliceous tuffs at the P–T boundary in South China. We report the first ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages on this igneous province. Minimum ages have been obtained on phenocrystic plagioclase of the Emeishan basalt, which has undergone a pervasive metamorphism, most likely during subsequent tectonization as a consequence of terrane amalgamation. Comparison between the Ar–release spectra obtained on clear vs. cloudy plagioclase indicates a 40–30 Ma sericite resetting time. A minimum apparent age of 246 ± 4 Ma for plagioclase from a plagiogranite, a late-differentiate of the Panzhihua Layered Complex, and an age of 254 ± 5 Ma for phlogopite from a pyroxenite near Lake Erhai, provide the first absolute age constraint on this igneous province. Additional Ar–Ar age measurements on post-Emeishan alkaline and mafic magmatism yielded 104 ± 2 and 100 ± 2 Ma for an alkaline complex near Panzhihua, and 42 ± 1 Ma for a gabbro sill emplaced near the Ertan Dam. Further study is still needed to determine the age of the Emeishan volcanic emission accurately, and to test the validity of the assumed short duration of the eruption.     

庐山变质核杂岩伸展拆离和岩浆作用的年代学约束

庐山变质核杂岩是华南中生代岩石圈减薄事件的浅层响应。研究伸展拆离和岩浆作用在其形成过程中的相互关系,对于认识地壳浅层的伸展减薄过程和变质核杂岩的形成机制具有重要的意义。在宏观和显微构造研究的基础上,分别对基底拆离断层和玉京山岩体进行了40Ar/39Ar年代学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,为伸展拆离和岩浆作用提供了年代学约束,主要获得了以下认识:(1)变质核杂岩核部玉京山花岗岩体的锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄为(133.0±2.1)Ma,代表了变质核杂岩核部岩浆活动的启动时间。(2)基底拆离断层下盘韧性剪切带内的白云母40Ar/39Ar年龄(140.4±1.7)Ma代表了庐山变质核杂岩的形成时间,也代表了庐山地区岩石圈伸展减薄的时间,即岩石圈伸展减薄始于早白垩世。(3)庐山变质核杂岩是中生代不同尺度的伸展拆离和岩浆活动共同作用的结果,在地壳浅层的具体形成过程中伸展拆离早于岩浆侵位,基底拆离断层的减压效应为深部岩浆的上升侵位创造了条件,岩浆侵位造成山体的隆升,又引发了盖层的重力滑脱。     

40Ar/39Ar dating of cleavage formation in tuffs during anchizonal metamorphism

⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar incremental-release analyses were carried out on whole-rock and constituent white mica (illite)-rich size fractions (0.63–1 to 6.3–20 m) within two very-low grade, penetratively cleaved metatuffs of contrasting anchizonal metamorphic grade (northeastern Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, Federal Republic of Germany). One sample from the upper anchizone displays internally concordant ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar spectra with plateau ages ranging between ca. 316 and 325 Ma. These are similar to conventional K-Ar ages determined for the whole-rock and size fractions. Together the isotopic results suggest that cleavage formed at ca. 320 Ma during a concomitant very-low grade metamorphism. This is consistent with biostratigraphic controls which suggest that metamorphism and cleavage formation occurred during the Westphalian.A metatuff sample from the middle anchizone records more internally discordant ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age spectra with total-gas ages ranging from 366 to 372 Ma. These are ca. 35–45 Ma older than corresponding conventional K-Ar ages, indicating marked recoil-loss of ³⁹Ar occurred during irradiation. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that white mica grains within size fractions from the upper anchizone sample have clearly defined, straight edges whereas those within the middle anchizone samples are embayed and diffuse. This results in an increase in surface/volume ratio and therefore greater susceptibility for recoil-loss of ³⁹Ar in the middle anchizone sample. Grain-edge morphology appears to be a major factor in determining the extent of recoil-loss of ³⁹Ar during ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar analysis of fine-grained size fractions.     

云开群硅质岩的40Ar/39Ar年龄及其地质意义

粤西云开群浅变地层年代的确定对于研究华南地壳演化有重要意义。以往的同位素年龄值多测自其中的顺层火成岩，故对其他质意义有不同的理解。本文首次测得了云开群中硅质岩的40Ar/39Ar年龄，从而提供了云开群的沉积年代。     

U-Pb and Ar/Ar geochronological constraints on the exhumation history of the North Qinling terrane, China

The amphibolite facies grade North Qinling metamorphic unit forms the centre of the Qinling orogenic belt. Results of LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar amphibole and biotite dating reveal its Palaeozoic tectonic history. U-Pb zircon dating of migmatitic orthogneiss and granite dykes constrains the age of two possible stages of migmatization at 517 ± 14 Ma and 445 ± 4.6 Ma. A subsequent granite intrusion occurred at 417 ± 1.6 Ma. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau ages of amphibole ranging from 397 ± 33 Ma to 432 ± 3.4 Ma constrain the cooling of the Qinling complex below ca. 540 °C and biotite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages at about 330–368 Ma below ca. 300 °C. The ages are used to construct a cooling history with slow/non-exhumation during 517– 445 Ma, a time-integrated cooling at a rate < 2.5 °C/Ma during the period of 445–410 Ma, an acceleration of cooling at a rate of 8 °C/Ma from 397 Ma to 368 Ma, and subsequently slow/non-cooling from 368 to 330 Ma. The data show a significant delay in exhumation after peak metamorphic conditions and a long period of tectonic quiescence after the suturing of the North China and South China blocks along the Shangdan suture. These relationships exclude classical exhumation models of formation and exhumation of metamorphic cores in orogens, which all imply rapid cooling after peak conditions of metamorphism.     

长乐—南澳断裂带变形火成岩的U-Pb和40Ar/39Ar年龄

长乐—南澳断裂带中同构造变形的花岗闪长岩主岩和闪长岩包体的锆石UPb法和角闪石⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar法定年结果分别为～130Ma和～95Ma。锆石UPb年龄代表了变形花岗质岩石的形成年龄,也表明长乐—南澳断裂带至少在此时已经开始活动。角闪石⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄不能代表长乐—南澳断裂带的活动年龄,它记录的是与大规模、未变形的早白垩世晚期(相当于石帽山群)火成活动相关的热变质事件的时间。     

40Ar/39Ar热年代学现状与问题

Ar同位素体系定年矿物的封闭温度范围广,并且可以获得650℃～150℃温度段的非线性冷却历史,因此~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar热年代学成为研究地质体热演化历史过程中最有效的工具之一。但是由于矿物中Ar同位素扩散机制还有一些问题没有清楚地被认识,因此在一定程度上制约了~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar热年代学的发展。本文介绍了目前应用最广泛的两种~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar热年代学模式:多重扩散域模式和多路径扩散模式,讨论了它们的发展现状、存在的问题、可能解决的方法以及今后的发展方向。     

40Ar/39Ar geochronological constraints on the formation of the Dayingezhuang gold deposit: New implications for timing and duration of hydrothermal activity in the Jiaodong gold province,China

China's largest gold resource is located in the highly endowed northwestern part of the Jiaodong gold province. Most gold deposits in this area are associated with the NE- to NNE-trending shear zones on the margins of the 130–126 Ma Guojialing granite. These deposits collectively formed at ca. 120 ± 5 Ma during rapid uplift of the granite. The Dayingezhuang deposit is a large (> 120 t Au) orogenic gold deposit in the same area, but located along the eastern margin of the Late Jurassic Linglong Metamorphic Core Complex. New ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronology on hydrothermal sericite and muscovite from the Dayingezhuang deposit indicate the gold event is related to evolution of the core complex at 130 ± 4 Ma and is the earliest important gold event that is well-documented in the province. The Dayingezhuang deposit occurs along the Linglong detachment fault, which defines the eastern edge of the ca. 160–150 Ma Linglong granite–granodiorite massif. The anatectic rocks of the massif were rapidly uplifted, at rates of at least 1 km/m.y. from depths of 25–30 km, to form the metamorphic core complex. The detachment fault, with Precambrian metamorphic basement rocks in the hangingwall and the Linglong granitoids and migmatites in the footwall, is characterized by early mylonitization and a local brittle overprinting in the footwall. Gold is associated with quartz–sericite–pyrite–K-feldspar altered footwall cataclasites at the southernmost area of the brittle deformation along the detachment fault. Our results indicate that there were two successive, yet distinct gold-forming tectonic episodes in northwestern Jiaodong. One event first reactivated the detachment fault along the edge of the Linglong massif between 134 and 126 Ma, and then a second reactivated the shears along the margins of the Guojialing granite. Both events may relate to a component of northwest compression after a middle Early Cretaceous shift from regional NW–SE extension to a NE–SW extensional regime.     

激光Ar/Ar微区定年的应用及展望

40Ar/39Ar定年中,存在一些使用传统的大样逐步升温技术难以处理的难题,如变质及沉积岩样品常含有多期次矿物而难以获得理想结果,过剩Ar在样品中的分布以及来源问题一直难以有效解决,根据缓慢冷却钾长石的40Ar/39Ar年龄谱提出的热演化模型也因为Ar在矿物中扩散机制的不明确性而不断受到质疑。20世纪90年代将紫外激光（UV-laser）成功引入40Ar/39Ar年代学分析后,为解决这些难题提供了一种思路。借助激光微区     

柴北缘锡铁山韧性剪切带的基本特征及其形成时代

在柴北缘锡铁山地区元古宇达肯大坂群与奥陶系滩涧山群之间发育一条呈NW向展布的基底韧性剪切带。本文对该韧性剪切带中的宏观构造(鞘褶皱、不对称褶皱、塑性流变组构、S-C组构、旋转碎斑系、构造透镜体、粘滞型石香肠构造)和糜棱岩微观构造(云母鱼构造、压力影构造、动态重结晶、雪球状旋转构造、波状消光和云母扭折)特征作了详细的研究。对锡铁山基底韧性剪切带中花岗质糜棱岩进行白云母Ar-Ar同位素测年,获得坪年龄为398±4 Ma,等时线年龄为399±4 Ma,二者基本一致,代表了锡铁山基底韧性剪切带的形成时间。综合上述特征判断,锡铁山韧性剪切带是一条由元古宇达肯大坂群向SW斜向逆冲所形成的右行逆冲韧性剪切带,该韧性剪切带与早古生代柴达木地块向NE斜向俯冲碰撞造山作用有关,并可能导致了超高压变质体折返到浅部地壳层次。同样,该韧性剪切带的存在,也对锡铁山铅锌矿起到了十分重要的后期构造控制作用。     

华南氧化锰矿晚新生代大规模成矿

氧化锰矿是我国仅次于沉积型碳酸锰矿的重要锰矿床类型,主要分布在广西、湖南、广东和福建等南方省区,但由于定年手段的限制,迄今对我国氧化锰矿形成时代的了解还极其有限.作者近几年利用激光阶段加热40Ar/39Ar同位素分析技术对华南地区典型氧化锰矿进行了系统和精确的年龄测定,获得了一大批可靠的成矿年龄,年龄值介于23.64 ± 0.29 Ma和0.48 ± 0.17 Ma (2σ),表明华南氧化锰矿的大规模成矿至少在渐新世末-中新世初就已开始并一直持续到更新世末期.基于多数氧化锰矿的上部矿石已被剥蚀或开采殆尽这一事实,可将华南氧化锰矿的成矿时间上溯到渐新世早期甚至始新世末期.研究发现,氧化锰矿的保存程度和年龄分布明显受新构造运动的影响;如果剔除后期剥蚀程度和采样系统性的影响,可以认为华南氧化锰矿的形成在区域上具有同时性.本次研究还说明,次生氧化锰矿的成矿是一个极其漫长的过程,形成一个具有工业意义的氧化锰矿可能需要上千万年的时间;这明显有别于多数内生热液矿床的成矿.本项研究为我国氧化锰矿以及其他类型的风化矿床(如红土型金矿和红土型镍矿)的年代学研究提供了新的思路和途径.     

The time length of formation of the Angara-Vitim batholite: Results of U-Pb geochronological studies

This paper describes the results of geochronological studies (U-Pb method over micro lots and single grains of zircon) of autochtonous and allochtonous granitoids of the Barguzinskii complex of the Angara-Vitim batolite of the petrotypical area in the basin of the Dzhirga and Kovyli rivers (tributaries of the Barguzin River). The age of crystallization of gneissose granitoids is 297 ± 5 Ma, and that of intrusive leucocratic biotite granites is 291 ± 1 Ma. The estimates of the age finalize the discussion on the age of granitoids of the Barguzin complex and cannot be considered as ??rejuvenated.?? The analyses of the geochronological data that have been obtained up to the present for granitoids of the Angara-Vitim batolite with the SHRIMP and U-Pb methods for large samples of zircons show that in the majority of cases they cannot be used for precise estimation of the age of their crystallization. The geochronological data obtained with use of the U-Pb method over micro samples and single grains of zircon allow one to make a conclusion on the formation of granitoids of the described complexes of the Angara-Vitim batholite that occurred within 303 ± 7?C281 ± 1 Ma. Thus, the time length of formation of the largest in the eastern segment of the Central Asian belt of the Angara-Vitim batholite is not more than 22 Ma (minimum 6 Ma), which allows us to consider it as a large granitic province and is a boundary condition for development of the geodynamic models of its formation.