Glaciomarine sedimentation and palaeo-glacial setting of Maxwell Bay and its tributary embayment, Marian Cove, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica

High-resolution (3.5 kHz and multi-channel) seismic profiles and piston cores were collected from Maxwell Bay and its tributary embayment, Marian Cove, in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, during the Korea Antarctic Research Program (1992/93 and 1995/96) to elucidate the glaciomarine sedimentation processes and recent glacial history of the area. Seismic data from Maxwell Bay reveal a rugged bay margin and flattened basin floor covered with well-stratified hemipelagic muds. On the base-of-slope, acoustically transparent debris flows occur, indicating downslope resedimentation of glaciomarine sediments. Despite the subpolar and ice-proximal settings of Marian Cove, the seafloor is highly rugged with a thin sediment drape, suggesting that much of the area has been recently eroded by glaciers. Sediment cores from the cove penetrated three distinct fining-upward lithofacies: (1) basal till in the lower part of the core, accumulated just seaward of the grounding line of the tidewater glacier; (2) interlaminated sand and mud in the middle part, deposited in ice-proximal zone by a combination of episodic subglacial meltwater inflow and iceberg dumping; and (3) pebbly mud in the upper part, deposited in ice-distal zone by both surface meltwater plume and ice-rafting from the glacier front. A reconstruction of the glacial history of these areas since the late glacial maximum shows an ice sheet filling Maxwell Bay in late Wisconsin time and grounding of the tidewater glacier in Marian Cove until about 1300 yr BP.     

Evaluation of conditions along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers: an example from Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska

In the marine environment, stability of the glacier terminus and the location of subglacial streams are the dominant controls on the distribution of grounding-line deposits within morainal banks. A morainal bank complex in Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, SE Alaska, is used to develop a model of terminus stability and location of subglacial streams along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers. This model can be used to interpret former grounding-line conditions in other glacimarine settings from the facies architecture within morainal bank deposits.The Muir Inlet morainal bank complex was deposited between 1860 A.D. and 1899 A.D., and historical observations provide a record of terminus positions, glacial retreat rates and sedimentary sources. These data are used to reconstruct the depositional environment and to develop a correlation between sedimentary facies and conditions along the grounding line.Four seismic facies identified on the high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles are used to interpret sedimentary facies within the morainal bank complex. Terminus stability is interpreted from the distribution of sedimentary facies within three distinct submarine geomorphic features, a grounding-line fan, stratified ridges, and a field of push ridges. The grounding-line fan was deposited along a stable terminus and is represented on seismic-reflection profiles by two distinct seismic facies, a proximal and a distal fan facies. The proximal fan facies was deposited at the efflux of subglacial streams and indicates the location of former glacifluvial discharges into the sea. Stratified ridges formed as a result of the influence of a quasi-stable terminus on the distribution of sedimentary facies along the grounding line. A field of push ridges formed along the grounding line of an unstable terminus that completely reworked the grounding-line deposits through glacitectonic deformation.Between 1860 A.D. and 1899 A.D. (39 years),

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m³ of sediment were deposited within the Muir Inlet morainal bank complex at an average annual sediment accumulation rate of

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m³/a. This rate represents the annual sediment production capacity of the glacier when the Muir Inlet drainage basin is filled with glacial ice.     

Glacial–interglacial variations in Quaternary production of marine organic matter at DSDP Site 594, Chatham Rise, southeastern New Zealand margin

CaCO₃ and total organic carbon concentrations, organic matter C/N and carbon isotope ratios, and sediment accumulation rates in late Quaternary sediments from DSDP Site 594 provide information about glacial–interglacial variations in the delivery of organic matter to the Chatham Rise offshore of southeastern New Zealand. Low C/N ratios and nearly constant organic δ¹³C values of −23‰ indicate that marine production dominates organic matter supply in both glacial and interglacial times during oxygen isotope stages 1 through 6 (0–140 ka) and 17 through 19 (660–790 ka). Increased organic carbon mass accumulation rates in isotope stages 2, 4, 6, and 18 record enhanced marine productivity during glacial maxima. Excursions of organic δ¹³C values to ca. −29‰ in portions of isotope stage 2 suggest that the local concentration of dissolved CO₂ was occasionally elevated during the last glacial maximum, probably as a result of short periods of lowered sea-surface temperature. Dilution of carbonates by clastic continental sediment generally increases at this location during glacial maxima, but enhanced delivery of land-derived organic matter does not accompany the increased accumulation of clastic sediments.     

Sediment trapping and bypassing characteristics of a stable tidal inlet at Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan

Around the artificially stabilized tidal inlet that connects Kaohsiung Harbor to Taiwan Straight, 203 surficial samples of the sea floor were taken from the nearshore, in the outer harbor, and portions of the inner harbor. The bathymetry of the same area was also surveyed. The sand fraction in each sample was analyzed for the grain-size composition with a custom-built rapid sediment analyzer. A total of twenty-one size-classes were used in the analysis. Three hypothetical sediment sources were assumed to have influenced the spatial grain-size patterns in the study area: the northward and southward littoral drifts, and the sediments exported from the harbor. After reducing the influence of each hypothetical sediment source separately, the data were analyzed using empirical orthogonal (eigen) function (EOF) analysis. The results indicate that the northward long-term littoral drift is the dominant direction of sediment transport in the nearshore of the study area. A conceptual model for four different sediment trapping and bypassing patterns are proposed. (1) Excess bypass (or net outflux): this bypass pattern is characterized by the export of fine-grained sediments (mud and size classes in the very fine sand fraction) from the interior of the harbor. (2) Partial bypass (or partial trapping): this bypass pattern is represented by the size-classes in fine sand fraction. The amount of these grain sizes entering the outer harbor through the inlet is more than the amount exiting at the inlet mouth, resulting in the retention of a portion of these grain sizes. (3) Total bypass (or zero trapping): grain sizes that exhibit this bypass pattern do not come near the mouth of the inlet. These grain sizes include medium and coarse sand fractions. (4) Lag deposits: this group includes the size classes in the very coarse sand fraction, which are largely concentrated in the scour pit immediately seaward of the inlet mouth. In general, surficial sediment grain-size patterns represent a time-averaged response of the substrate to the transport processes over the time scale of at least two seasons. The differential associations of grain-size groups with various topographic features in the study area suggest morpho-textural relationships exist between the sea floor topography and grain size distribution patterns.     

强心安神方对慢性心衰大鼠NT-proBNP及GRP78 mRNA、CHOP mRNA的影响

目的：研究强心安神方对阿霉素性慢性心力衰竭大鼠N末端前体脑利钠肽（NT-proBNP）及葡萄糖调节蛋白78（GRP78）mRNA、CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白（CHOP） mRNA的影响,探讨该方的作用机制。方法：将Wistar大鼠分为正常对照组、模型组、卡托普利组及强心安神方大、小剂量组,每组15只,对除正常对照组外的其余组大鼠采用腹腔注射阿霉素法制备慢性心力衰竭模型,予药物干预4周,检测各组大鼠心衰指标NT-proBNP及内质网应激信号分子GRP78 mRNA、CHOP mRNA的表达。结果：强心安神方大、小剂量组NT-proBNP水平、GRP78 mRNA及CHOP mRNA表达均低于模型组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）,3项指标与卡托普利组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;强心安神方大、小剂量组组内比较,大剂量组NT-proBNP水平及GRP78 mRNA表达均低于小剂量组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,CHOP mRNA表达差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：强心安神方可降低内质网应激信号分子GRP78 mRNA、CHOP mRNA的表达,减轻心肌细胞损伤,从而保护心肌,抑制心肌重构。     

东风螺、弯竹蛏和斑节对虾的壳基质蛋白组学分析

从软体动物中的腹足纲、双壳纲以及节肢动物中的甲壳纲分别选取了3种中国沿海常见的品种——东风螺、弯竹蛏、斑节对虾,提取并分析它们的壳基质蛋白。利用液相色谱串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）技术对蛋白质组学进行分析发现特定的蛋白质具有明显的种属差异：①N66蛋白（一种碳酸酐酶）通常存在于弯竹蛏中,但不存在于东风螺和斑节对虾中,揭示N66蛋白质具有特异性,在未来的物种鉴定中可能具有重要的参考意义;②角质层蛋白AM1199和CP14.6存在于斑节对虾的表皮结构中,在东风螺和弯竹蛏中未检测到;③血蓝蛋白同时在3种动物外壳的基质蛋白中被鉴定出来,揭示了其在不同物种的外壳形成与发育过程中的重要作用。该研究为壳基质蛋白在软体动物或节肢动物外壳中的鉴定提供了基础,也为探索不同物种的生物矿化过程提供了重要参考。     

热液区管状蠕虫几丁质结合蛋白的克隆表达及功能鉴定

本文应用PCR技术对四种管状蠕虫几丁质结合蛋白进行了扩增,进而连接到pIZ-FLAG构建了重组表达载体,并在昆虫细胞中实现了几丁质结合蛋白的异源重组表达.我们对几丁质结合蛋白的功能进行了初步研究,亲和活性实验结果表明这四种几丁质结合蛋白对α-chitin具有亲和活性,并且可以辅助几丁质酶,对降解α-chitin和β-chitin均有不同程度的促进作用,且作用效果明显.结果表明,这四种几丁质结合蛋白均为α型,且可以促进几丁质酶的活性,对降解几丁质多糖具有巨大的应用潜力和应用价值.     

Expression, purification and polyclonal antibody generation of p23, an Hsp90 cochaperone, in the amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri

1Introduction p23, the 23-kDa protein originally identified asa component of the complex of heat shock protein 90(Hsp90) with the progesterone receptor (Johnson etal., 1994), is a ubiquitous and highly conservedprotein from yeast to humans (Garcia -Ranea …     

Rab蛋白的结构、功能与研究展望

Rab蛋白是小分子GTP结合蛋白，约由200个氨基酸组成，Rab蛋白在生物体中高度保守，由保守的G结构域和高度可变的N端和C端组成．Rab蛋白与上游调控子和下游特定的效应子相互作用，并与GTP的结合和水解过程相偶联，在囊泡运输的不同阶段发挥作用．     

羟基对微生物细胞的核酸、蛋白质、葡萄糖作用研究

羟基自由基对细胞的三大基本分子核酸、蛋白质、葡萄糖有着强烈破坏作用。压载水中羟基的比值浓度达到0．63mg／L时，含有微生物液体中的总蛋白质含量从1．49g／100mL降到0．993g／100mL，减少了33．4％；核酸中RNA、DNA的含量分别从2．43μg／mg、0．96μg／mg分别减少到1．29μg／mg、0．19μg／mg，分别减少46．9％、80．2％；葡萄糖含量从0．246mg／100mL增加到0．492mg／100mL，增加了1倍。试验数据表明，羟基自由基氧化、分解、破坏了微生物细胞三大基本分子核酸、蛋白质、葡萄糖，这是微生物致死的主要生化原因之一。     

Comparison of methods for the analysis of New Zealand sea lion,Phocarctos hookeri,milk

Abstract

The milk composition of New Zealand sea lion, Phocarctos hookeri, was determined using standard analytical methods, a MilkoScan? FT 120 and an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) for fat concentration. The results for fat, protein and total solid concentrations between the different analytical methods were assessed using different measures of statistical fitness including coefficient of determination, concordance correlation coefficient, mean prediction error, and intraclass correlation coefficient. The repeatability and reliability of the results obtained with the calibrated MilkoScan? FT 120 were comparable with those obtained using standard methods, the Roese‐Gottlieb method for fat, Kjeldahl method for protein and gravimetric method for total solids. The MilkoScan? FT 120s are fast and cost‐effective and are widely used in dairy laboratories around the world, which should make them readily accessible to ecologists/biologists studying the milk composition of non‐domestic animals.     

盐度骤变对仿刺参hsp70及hsp90基因表达的影响

为研究夏季暴雨导致的养殖池塘盐度变化对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生理的影响,在实验室内模拟野外盐度变化,采用半定量RT-PCR的方法研究了其hsp70、hsp90a及hsp90b基因的表达。实验中,盐度先以每6h降2.5的速度由30降至20;保持96h后,再以同样的速度由20升至30,随后在盐度为30条件下保持96h。在盐度变化过程中随机取样。hsp70和hsp90b基因在盐度降至20后表达量开始显著升高(P<0.05),hsp90a基因在盐度降至22.5时表达量开始显著升高(P<0.05);但保持在盐度为20条件下,3个基因的表达量均逐渐降低至初始值。在之后的盐度升高及恢复阶段,3个基因表达量均有先升高后降低的趋势,表明hsp70、hsp90a和hsp90b基因是仿刺参在盐度胁迫下的重要响应因子。     

大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)热激蛋白的基因克隆、原核表达及抗血清的制备

应用trizol裂解法提取象山港网箱养殖大黄鱼肝脏总RNA,采用RTPCR获得大黄鱼cDNA;通过设计特异引物进行PCR扩增,将PCR产物转化到质粒并直接测序,得到1.7kb的目的基因;同时将此目的基因连接到表达质粒pSBET中,在大肠杆菌BL21中进行诱导表达以及表达产物的分析。克隆基因的表达产物经SDSPAGE分析表明,HSP基因的蛋白分子量为60kDa左右,与阅读框的编码大小一致;表达蛋白经纯化后免疫小鼠制备抗血清。Westernblotting检测结果表明,制备的抗血清与HSP蛋白起较强的特异性反应。HSP基因的系统进化分析表明,大黄鱼与非洲爪蟾最为接近,从侧面印证了脊椎动物中两栖纲动物与鱼纲动物的亲源关系。通过大黄鱼HSP基因的提取和分析,可为以后制备出核酸探针、筛选和克隆出一批具有优良性状的基因、构建基因文库等研究工作奠定基础。     

团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)两种热休克蛋白 70(HSP70s)的原核表达、纯化及鉴定

采用PCR方法扩增团头鲂组成型HSC70和诱导型HSP70基因完整的编码区片段,并分别克隆到原核表达载体pET-22b(+)中,然后转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),用1mmol/L IPTG在不同温度及时间下进行诱导表达。采用Ni-NTA His Bind Resins亲和层析和DEAE-Sepharose FF阴离子交换柱层析对目的蛋白进行纯化,并进行SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting分析。结果表明,成功构建了团头鲂两种重组表达质粒pET-22b(+)/Ma-HSC70和pET-22b(+)/Ma-HSP70,表达融合蛋白的相对分子量均约为72kDa,并能与兔抗人HSP70多抗进行特异性结合,这两种HSP70s融合蛋白经纯化后的纯度均达到95%以上。本实验选择融合蛋白Ma-HSC70在25℃和Ma-HSP70在30℃下分别诱导7h作为可溶性表达的最佳条件。     

刺参稚参对蛋白质和脂肪需求量的初步研究

实验设计了粗蛋白水平分别为12％,18％,26％,32％,37％,44％,粗脂肪水平分别为3％,5％,8％,以藻粉、白鱼粉和酪蛋白等为主要原料的刺参实验饲料,用以饲喂平均体质量为0．90g的刺参(Stiehopus japonicus)。经过66d的饲养实验,测定了试验刺参的质量增长率．脏壁比和体成分等指标。结果显示,饲料中粗蛋白、粗脂肪水平对刺参的生长和脏壁比有明显影响。实验刺参在粗蛋白水平为18．21％～24．18％、粗脂肪为5％时获得最大生长,同时获得最低的脏壁比。体成分等指标没有受到饲料中粗蛋白和粗脂肪水平的明显影响。因此可以认为,刺参的最佳蛋白质和脂肪需要量分别为18.21％～24.18％和5％。     

抗冻蛋白的研究及其在生物技术中的应用

抗冻蛋白能够与冰晶结合，降低冰点并抑制冰的重结晶，从而使生物体免于冰冻伤害。就不同类型的抗冻蛋白的结构、起源、功能和抗冻作用机制进行了全面的回顾，并对国内近年来抗冻蛋白在生物技术中的应用进行了综述。     

饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉对大黄鱼生长、消化酶活性和消化道组织学的影响

以初始体重为(10.57g±0.43g)的大黄鱼幼鱼为研究对象,用豆粕分别替代0%、35%、40%、45%的鱼粉来配制4种等氮(蛋白含量为46%)等脂(总脂肪为13%)的实验饲料,分别编号为FM,PP35,PP40和PP45。其中,在PP35、PP40和PP45组均添加肽聚糖、胆固醇、植酸酶、晶体氨基酸和复合益生菌,并以FM组和鲜鱼浆(FTF)组作为对照,在海水浮式网箱中进行为期60d的摄食生长实验,探讨不同豆粕替代水平对大黄鱼幼鱼生长、消化酶活性和消化道组织学的影响。结果表明,豆粕替代水平对大黄鱼幼鱼的生长和存活没有显著影响(P>0.05)。肠道胰蛋白酶的活性随着豆粕替代水平的升高而显著降低(P<0.05),FM组的胰蛋白酶活性最高,而FTF组的最低。肠道脂肪酶活性随着豆粕替代水平的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势,FTF组脂肪酶活性最低。肠道淀粉酶活性随着豆粕替代水平的增高同样呈现降低趋势,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。高豆粕替代水平(PP40和PP45组)对肝脏组织和肠道组织结构有破坏作用,PP45组实验鱼肝脏空泡化现象严重,肠壁明显变薄,小肠绒毛受到严重机械性损伤。实验证明,在大黄鱼幼鱼饲料中可以使用豆粕来替代35%的鱼粉既不影响大黄鱼的生长和存活,也不影响其肠道、肝脏的组织结构。     

A seismic reconnaissance survey of the northern Congo Fan

To study the time-varying influence of the Congo River and the Benguela Current on the deposition at the Angola Continental Margin, a high-resolution reflection seismic survey was carried out on the northern Congo Fan. Four seismostratigraphic units have been defined for the upper 800 m (1000 ms TWT) of the data. The units record different depositional environments, ranging from pre-establishment of the Congo River drainage system to the influence of the Benguela Current. An indication of a general change in the turbidite system is provided by a shift in channel distribution and a relocation of the depocentre of coarse material. The ascent of salt is recorded up to the Pliocene. Gas that has migrated out of Lower Cretaceous shales and that was produced from large quantities of organic matter in the younger sediments can be found on the flanks and on top of the salt domes. In a few places, this gas even ascends to the ocean floor along structural pathways through the topmost unit.     

Evidence for the evolution of an oxygen minimum layer at the beginning of S-1 sapropel deposition in the eastern Mediterranean

The sediments of the eastern Mediterranean basin contain a series of organic-rich sapropels intercalated with organic-poor nannofossil oozes. Until recently the timing of the onset of sapropel formation was not known accurately because of the low resolution achievable by conventional radiocarbon dating. Compilation of all available ¹⁴C-AMS dates show that the base of S-1 (the most recent sapropel) was initiated 8800 years B.P. (¹⁴C age corrected by 400 years for reservoir effect) under a 500 m water column and moved progressively into deeper water reaching depths of 3500 m at 8200 years B.P. The linear correlation between the age of S-1 onset and water depth

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suggests that formation of sapropels moved into deeper water at a rate of 1000 m/200 year. A model is suggested in which export production which sank below the well-mixed surface layers (500 m) was respired consuming dissolved oxygen in the Levantine deep water until a threshold value was reached when sapropels began to be preserved in the sediment. This resulted in a progressively deepening oxygen minimum zone with time until eventually the entire deep water in the basin was oxygen depleted. Assuming that the threshold value for sapropel formation was complete anoxia, it was calculated that primary productivity in the basin during the deposition of S-1 was a factor of 5 greater than that found at present.