镍铜硫化物矿石中磁黄铁矿固溶体的退火及其选矿意义

磁黄铁矿固治体从硫化物熔体结晶后，在缓慢冷却过程中经历了显著的退火。出治和出治体的租化是固治体退火的两种方式。叶片状的单斜磁黄铁矿和“火焰状”的镍黄铁矿原始出治相在降温过程中均可发生退火和租化。分布于磁黄铁矿等矿物粒间或包于磁黄铁矿粒内的粒状镍黄铁矿，不只是高温出治的直接产物，有一部分可能是由火焰状出治体租化而成的。磁黄铁矿中单斜变体的出治和租化可使矿石的磁性发生改变，镍黄铁矿出治体的租化使含镍矿物的粒度加大。因而，退火作用对矿石的选矿工艺性能有着显著影响。     

攀西会理县白草钒钛磁铁矿床磁黄铁矿矿物学特征及成因

攀西会理县白草矿区以钒钛磁铁矿而闻名,但该钒钛磁铁矿床中还发育一定规模的富钴硫化物矿石,对该类型矿石的形成机制研究还不深入.本文选择白草矿区产出的浸染状、致密块状、网脉状和斑杂状富钴硫化物矿石中的磁黄铁矿做为研究对象,在野外地质调查的基础上,通过矿相学和电子探针等方法对磁黄铁矿的成分和晶体类型进行研究.利用磁性胶体可以鉴别磁黄铁矿晶体类型的原理,确定了研究区的磁黄铁矿具有单斜磁黄铁矿(Mpo)和六方磁黄铁矿(Hpo)两种晶体类型,厘定了细脉状、叶片状和不规则状交生体.通过研究磁黄铁矿中各主量元素特征,计算了磁黄铁矿形成温度、硫逸度和M/S值等参数.将磁黄铁矿形成划分岩浆成矿期(熔离阶段、接触交代阶段)和热液成矿期,并初步厘定了4类磁黄铁矿生成顺序:首先形成浸染状矿石磁黄铁矿与致密块状矿石磁黄铁矿,其次形成斑杂状矿石磁黄铁矿,最后形成网脉状矿石磁黄铁矿.     

金川铜镍硫化物矿床磁黄铁矿矿物学特征及成因意义

金川铜镍硫化物矿床矿石类型主要为浸染状矿石、海绵陨铁状矿石及块状矿石。采用矿相显微镜观察、磁性胶体浸润与电子探针分析等方法,对3种类型矿石中磁黄铁矿的结构状态、共生组合与成分特征作了研究,探讨了矿石成因及成矿过程。在浸染状矿石与海绵陨铁状矿石中,磁黄铁矿为单纯的六方(NC型)磁黄铁矿,或者六方与单斜(4C型)磁黄铁矿构成的不规则状交生体。这2类矿石中磁黄铁矿的成因很可能是岩(矿)浆中S含量低,且高温结晶后缓慢降温,后期又受到了富硫和/或高氧逸度流体的交代作用。在Ⅱ矿区块状矿石中,单斜与六方磁黄铁矿构成平行叶片状交生体,表明六方磁黄铁矿在高温下结晶后温度曾快速下降,这期间仅出溶了微量的黄铁矿,而当温度下降到254℃以下时,发生了六方磁黄铁矿中单斜磁黄铁矿出溶作用。磁黄铁矿的结晶类型、金属原子(Fe、Ni、Cu、Co)与硫原子比值M/S演化等佐证了块状矿石晚期贯入成因。依据Fe-S系统相图拟合曲线计算得到块状矿石中六方磁黄铁矿结晶温度为743~518℃,且在结晶过程中,硫逸度logf(S2)曾从0.427降至-3.767。     

辽东裂谷硫铁矿矿床内两类磁黄铁矿的特征及其研究意义

磁黄铁矿是辽东硫化物成矿带内主要矿石矿物。在对该矿床成因研究过程中，发现矿床内的磁黄铁矿有两种同质多象变体。通过对两类磁黄铁矿的产状、共生组合、物理化学性质、Ｘ－衍射特征，成矿条件等方面的研究表明它们形成于不同的成矿阶段。其中单斜磁黄铁矿为海底喷气热水沉积成矿作用的产物；而六方磁黄铁矿则是在变质改造作用过程中由黄铁矿转变而成。进而为判断矿床成因，指导找矿提供了依据     

东天山主要铜镍矿床中磁黄铁矿的矿物标型特征及其成矿意义

东天山是中国最重要的岩浆铜镍硫化物矿带之一,产有黄山东、黄山、香山、葫芦等大中型铜镍矿床。图拉尔根、白石泉两处镍铜矿床为近年来在新疆地区铜镍找矿中的重大发现,两者均属于与镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩有关的岩浆熔离-贯入型矿床。矿物共生组合以磁黄铁矿 镍黄铁矿 黄铜矿为特征,磁黄铁矿系矿石中最主要组成部分。文章以X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电子探针分析并辅以常规显微镜,查明这些矿床中磁黄铁矿均系Co、Ni的最主要载体矿物,Co、Ni元素主要以游离状态的硫化物(或硫砷化物)形式存在,如镍辉砷钴矿、钴辉砷镍矿、镍黄铁矿及紫硫镍矿等矿物。它们多以微细包裹体或出溶体形式随机地分布于磁黄铁矿内部,而少量的Co、Ni元素则以类质同像方式存在于磁黄铁矿晶格之中。图拉尔根、白石泉、葫芦三矿床中磁黄铁矿在多型结构以及微量元素地球化学方面均表现出一定的差异,系由两矿床容矿岩石基性程度及成矿温度之差异引起。     

辽宁红透山块状硫化物矿床中沉积磁黄铁矿的变质和流体作用

辽宁红透山太古宙块状硫化物型铜-锌矿床经历过高角闪岩相变质作用。矿石结构研究表明,矿床中的磁黄铁矿主要是海底喷流沉积后受到变质退火和重结晶的产物。在进变质过程中形成的磁黄铁矿的变形结构绝大部分已被峰期变质作用所清除,目前所见到的变形结构和矿石糜棱岩主要是退变质阶段的产物。流体的存在促进了磁黄铁矿的变形和退火。退变质流体以较高的氧逸度为特征。     

安徽省马山矿区硫化物矿石中黄铁矿与磁铁矿的后成合晶

在安徽省马山矿区的硫化物矿石中,黄铁矿与磁铁矿呈后成合晶交代磁黄铁矿的结构,是成矿系统物理化学条件向磁黄铁矿-黄铁矿-磁铁矿三相点演化的产物。系统经过三相点的几率甚小,因而这种结构在矿石中十分少见。     

挪威块状硫化物矿床中单斜与六方磁黄铁矿的交生及其成因

矿石的镜下结构研究进一步确证，挪威加里东造山带块状硫化物矿床中的磁黄铁矿绝大部分是沉积－成岩作用的直接产物，并在其形成之后经历了多期次的变形和退火，还有一部分磁失矿是在退变质阶段形成的，或者是由变质热液形成的。这次研究中未发现由黄铁矿变质而成的磁黄铁矿     

辽宁红透山埠状硫化物矿床中沉积磁黄铁矿的变质和流体作用

辽宁红透山太古宙状硫化物型铜－锌矿床经历过高角闪岩相变质作用，矿石结构表明，矿床中的磁黄铁矿主要是海底喷流沉积后受到变质退火和重结晶的产物，在进变质过程中形成的磁黄铁矿的变形结构绝大部分已被峰期变质作用所清除，目前所见到的变形结构和矿石糜棱岩主要是退变质阶段的产物，流体的存在促进了磁黄铁矿的变形和退火，退变质流体以较高的氧逸度为特征。     

塔里木板块东北缘坡七侵入体磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿标型特征及成因意义

为探讨新疆坡北岩体坡七侵入体中铜镍硫化物矿(化)体的成因,采用显微镜观察、磁性胶体浸润和电子探针分析等方法,对主要的金属矿物磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿开展了成因矿物学研究。结果表明,浸染状、稠密浸染状矿石中,磁黄铁矿为六方(NC型)磁黄铁矿,或六方磁黄铁矿与散点状单斜(4C型)磁黄铁矿构成的不规则状交生体。六方磁黄铁矿是高温结晶后缓慢降温的产物,而不规则状交生体是流体交代六方磁黄铁矿的结果。块状矿石中的磁黄铁矿是六方与单斜变体构成叶片状/箱状交生体,其成因与快速降温和热事件干扰有关。镍黄铁矿富集Co,在各类矿石中均可分为3个世代(Pn1,Pn2,Pn3),在结晶过程中硫逸度随着温度的降低而减小。等轴晶系辉砷钴矿、自形镍黄铁矿及高温黄铜矿的晶出暗示金属硫化物结晶温度普遍偏高。     

我国一些铜镍硫化物矿床主要金属矿物的特征

镍、铜共生的铜镍硫化物矿床是镍矿也是铜矿的重要矿床类型。磁黄铁矿，镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿是这类矿床的主要金属矿物。它们的某些矿物学特征，特别是微量元素Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ比值，与其他铜矿类型明显不同，这三种矿物组成不同于任何其他铜矿类型的典型矿物共生组合， 形成特殊的海绵损铁状、球滴状构造。     

Experimental simulation of phase relationships and zoning of magmatic nickel-copper sulfide Ores, Russia

The quasiequilibrium directed crystallization technique was used for experimental simulation of zoning characteristic of Cu-rich pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite-cubanite-mooihoekite-haycockite ores at the Oktyabr??sky deposit. Directed crystallization of samples I (Fe 32.55, Cu 10.70, Ni 5.40, S. 51.00, Pt = Pd = Rh = Ir= Au = Ag = 0.05 at %) and II (Fe 33.74, Cu 15.94, Ni 1.48, S. 48.75, Pt = Pd = 0.05 at %) was performed. These samples approximate average composition of the ore. Monosulfide (mms) and intermediate (iss) solid solutions progressively crystallized from the melt. The curves of ore element distribution in samples have been drawn. The partition coefficients (k) of ore elements between solid solutions and sulfide melt have been determined depending on melt composition. The paths of melt, mss, and iss compositions are supplemented by tie lines connecting compositions of equilibrium liquid and solid phases. The phase composition of samples after cooling was studied using an optical microscope, XRD, and microprobe. The zoning of sample I is described by the following sequence of phases: monoclinic pyrrhotite ?? hexagonal pyrrhotite + tetragonal chalcopyrite ?? tetragonal and cubic chalcopyrite + pentlandite + bornite. Crystallized sample II consists of four zones: (1) hexagonal pyrrhotite and isocubanite; (2) hexagonal pyrrhotite, cubanite, and pentlandite; (3) low-S pc-phase close to haycockite and pentlandite; and (4) mooihoekite, pentlandite, and bornite mixtures. This sequence corresponds to the secondary zoning, which reflects both the primary fractionation of components and the solid-phase reactions during cooling of the crystallized sample. The Rh, Ru, and Ir partition coefficients between mss and melt have been measured, and speciation of PGM in samples has been identified. The results obtained are compared with typical natural Cu-rich sulfide ore of the Oktyabr??sky deposit.     

Deformation,metamorphism, and mobilization of Ni–Cu–PGE sulfide ores at Garson Mine,Sudbury

The Garson Ni–Cu–platinum group element deposit is a deformed, overturned, low Ni tenor contact-type deposit along the contact between the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) and stratigraphically underlying rocks of the Huronian Supergroup in the South Range of the 1.85-Ga Sudbury structure. The ore bodies are coincident with steeply south-dipping, north-over-south D₁ shear zones, which imbricated the SIC, its ore zones, and underlying Huronian rocks during mid-amphibolite facies metamorphism. The shear zones were reactivated as south-over-north, reverse shear zones during D₂ at mid-greenschist facies metamorphism. Syn-D₂ metamorphic titanite yields an age of 1,849?±?6 Ma, suggesting that D₁ and D₂ occurred immediately after crystallization of the SIC during the Penokean Orogeny. The ore bodies plunge steeply to the south parallel to colinear L₁ and L₂ mineral lineations, indicating that the geometry of the ore bodies are strongly controlled by D₁ and D₂. Sulfide mineralization consists of breccia ores, with minor disseminated sulfides hosted in norite, and syn-D₂ quartz–calcite–sulfide veins. Mobilization by ductile plastic flow was the dominant mechanism of sulfide/metal mobilization during D₁ and D₂, with additional minor hydrothermal mobilization of Cu, Fe, and Ni by hydrothermal fluids during D₂. Metamorphic pentlandite overgrows a S₁ ferrotschermakite foliation in D₁ deformed ore zones. Pentlandite was exsolved from recrystallized polygonal pyrrhotite grains after cessation of D₁, which resulted in randomly distributed large pentlandite grains and randomly oriented pentlandite loops along the grain boundaries of polygonal pyrrhotite within the breccia ore. It also overgrows a S₂ chlorite foliation in D₂ shear zones. Pyrrhotite recrystallized and was flattened during D₂ deformation of breccia ore along narrow shear zones. Exsolution of pentlandite loops along the grain boundaries of these flattened grains produced a pyrrhotite–pentlandite layering that is not observed in D₁ deformed ore zones. The overprinting of the two foliations by pentlandite and exsolution of pentlandite along the grain boundaries of flattened pyrrhotite grains suggest that the Garson ores reverted to a metamorphic monosulfide solid solution at temperatures ranging between 550 and 600 °C during D₁ and continued to deform as a monosulfide solid solution during D₂.     

Ore Mineralization in Ultramafic and Metasomatic Rocks of the Ospin–Kitoi Massif,Eastern Sayan

In the Ospin–Kitoi ultramafic massif of the Eastern Sayan, accessory and ore Cr-spinel are mainly represented by alumochromite and chromite. Copper–nickel mineralization hosted in serpentinized ultramafic rocks occurs as separate grains of pentlandite and pyrrhotite, as well as assemblages of (i) hexagonal pyrrhotite + pentlandite + chalcopyrite and (ii) monoclinal pyrrhotite + pentlandite + chalcopyrite. Copper mineralization in rodingite is presented by bornite, chalcopyrite, and covellite. Talc–breunnerite–quartz and muscovite–breunnerite–quartz listvenite contains abundant sulfide and sulfoarsenide mineralization: pyrite, gersdorffite, sphalerite, Ag–Bi and Bi-galena, millerite, and kuestelite. Noble metal mineralization is represented by Ru–Ir–Os alloy, sulfides, and sulfoarsenides of these metals, Au–Cu–Ag alloys in chromitite, laurite intergrowth, an unnamed mineral with a composition of Cu₃Pt, orcelite in carbonized serpentinite, and sperrylite and electrum in serpentinite. Sulfide mineralization formed at the late magmatic stage of the origination of intrusion and due to fluid–metamorphic and retrograde metasomatism of primary rocks.     

A laser ablation ICP-MS study of platinum-group and chalcophile elements in base metal sulfide minerals of the Jinchuan Ni–Cu sulfide deposit,NW China

The paper presents concentrations of the platinum-group and chalcophile elements in the base metal sulfides (BMS) from the Jinchuan Ni–Cu sulfide deposit determined by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Mass balance calculations reveal that pentlandite hosts a large proportion of Co, Ni and Pd (> 65%), and that pentlandite and pyrrhotite accommodate significant proportions of Re, Os, Ru, Rh, and Ag (~ 35–90%), whereas chalcopyrite contains a small amount of Ag (~ 10%) but negligible platinum-group elements. Iridium and Pt are not concentrated in the BMS and mostly occur in As-rich platinum-group minerals. The enrichments of Co, Ni, Re, Os, Ru, and Rh in pentlandite and pyrrhotite, and Cu in chalcopyrite are consistent with the fractionation of sulfide liquid and exsolution of pentlandite and pyrrhotite from the mono-sulfide solid solution (MSS). The Ir-bearing minerals exsolved from the MSS, depleting pentlandite and pyrrhotite in Ir, whereas sperrylite exsolved from the residual sulfide liquid on cooling. Diffusion of Pd from residual sulfide liquid into pentlandite during its exsolution from the MSS and crystallization of Pt-bearing minerals in the residual sulfide liquid resulted in the enrichment of Pd in pentlandite and decoupling between Pd and Pt in the Jinchuan net-textured and massive ores.     

四川杨柳坪低品位镍矿工艺矿物学特征

四川杨柳坪镍矿石属于低品位镍矿资源,其矿石中镍的品位为0.45%,主要以硫化物形式存在(磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿)。镍黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿中镍的占有率在90%以上。主要矿物的工艺嵌布粒度统计分析表明,在较细粒级0.040 mm以下粒级及0.020 mm以下级分别有10%~15%及3.5%~5.5%的含量分布,因此选矿分选过程中,将有部分嵌布粒度较细的硫化物矿物难于解离,由于硫化物的磨矿解离度不高,且主要的硫化物彼此间的连体较多,选矿采用以磁黄铁矿为主的硫化物集合体作为回收单位较为适宜。此外,研究区硫化物矿物的物性较脆,磨矿过程中应防止其过粉碎。     

攀西红格钒钛磁铁矿矿田富钴硫化物中钴的地球化学特征及其地质意义

攀西红格钒钛磁铁矿矿田白草矿区发育富钴硫化物矿物,关于其成因和形成环境方面的研究较为薄弱。本文采用矿物学、矿物化学、地球化学等方法对其进行系统研究。矿石中主要富钴硫化物为磁黄铁矿（Po）、黄铁矿（Py）、镍黄铁矿（Pn）、硫钴镍矿（Se）。磁黄铁矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为0.21%、0.42%,Co/Ni平均值为1.10;黄铁矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为0.18%、0.29%,Co/Ni平均值为0.77;镍黄铁矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为2.67%、34.30%,Ni/Fe平均值为1.08、S/Fe平均值为1.91、M/S^#平均值为1.13;硫钴镍矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为24.30%、22.90%,Co/Ni平均值为1.06。根据Po-Py矿物温度计,白草矿区富钴硫化物结晶温度在267~490℃之间,表明其形成于中高温的条件。通过与地幔包体镍黄铁矿S/Fe、M/S^#特征值的对比,结合磁黄铁矿具有陨硫铁（Tr）同质多象晶体的特征,认为白草矿区硫化物具有地幔源的特征,说明成矿物质来源于地幔。白草矿区钴地球化学特征研究表明,在硫化物熔体分离过程中,钴迁移至单硫化物固溶体形成Po-Py固溶体,再由Po-Py固溶体中迁移至Pn、Se,形成了Se、Pn、Po-Py、Ccp（黄铜矿）中Co质量分数依次递减的现象。     

新疆哈密黄山铜镍硫化物矿床地质特征

黄山铜镍硫化物矿床产于黄山镁铁—超镁铁杂岩体中.岩体分异良好,由七个岩相带组成,主要矿体产于辉橄岩相底部,呈盆状;主要金属矿物有镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿、紫硫镍矿及磁黄铁矿;矿石大都为浸染状贫矿石.文中着重讨论成矿物质来源、成矿元素丰度.成矿物化条件及成矿过程和成矿模式.     

Platinoids in the Kaalamo Differentiated Massif in the Northern Ladoga Region,Karelia, Russia

The Kaalamo massif is located in the Northern Ladoga region, Karelia, on the extension of the Kotalahti Belt of Ni-bearing ultramafic intrusions in Finland. The massif, 1.89 Ga in age, is differentiated from pyroxenite to diorite. Nickel–copper sulfide mineralization with platinoids is related to the pyroxenite phase. The ore consists of two mineral types: (i) pentlandite–chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite and (ii) chalcopyrite, both enriched in PGE. Pd and Pt bismuthotellurides, as well as Pd and Pt tellurobismuthides, are represented by the following mineral species: kotulskite, sobolevskite, merenskyite, michenerite, moncheite, keithconnite, telluropalladinite; Pt and Pd sulfides comprise vysotskite, cooperite, braggite, palladium pentlandite, and some other rare phases. High-palladium minerals are contained in pentlandite–chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite ore. Native gold intergrown with kotulskite commonly contains microinclusions (1–3 μm) of Pd stannides: paolovite and atokite. Ore with 20–60% copper sulfides (0.2–6.0% Cu) contains 5.1–6.6 gpt PGE and up to 0.13–2.3 gpt Au. Pd minerals, arsenides and sulfoarsenides of Pt, Rh, Ir, Os, and Ru are identified as well. These are sperrylite, ruthenium platarsite, hollingworthite, and irarsite; silvery gold and paolovite have also been noted. All these minerals have been revealed in the massif for the first time. The paper also presents data on the compositions of 25 PGE minerals (PGM) from Kaalamo ores.