新疆某垦区地下水上升原因分析及排水措施探讨

某垦区运行4年以来,地下水水位埋深有较大抬升,土壤盐渍化程度有所加重。结合垦区运行前后的水文地质调查资料,对比分析了垦区运行前后地下水水位的变化特征,对地下水水位上升的原因进行了初步分析,并对排水方法进行了探讨,为垦区排水措施的制定提出了初步意见和建议。     

三江平原地下水流场演化趋势及影响因素

近年来,三江平原部分区域地下水位呈持续下降的态势,引起广大学者和相关部门的高度关注,为了查明三江平原地下水流场时空演化规律,揭示其主要影响因素,以三江平原1980年72组及2019、2020年同期1 092组地下水位统测数据和44组国家地下水监测数据为基础,应用ArcGIS插值分析、栅格代数运算、对比分析等方法,查明了三江平原地下水流场时空演化特征,阐明了不同影响因素对地下水流场演化的控制作用。结果表明:与1980年相比,三江平原地下水位整体呈下降趋势。西部平原区地下水位累计降幅1～5 m的区域面积2.6×104 km2;东部建三江垦区累计降幅大于5 m的区域面积为1.17×104 km2,其中,累计降幅大于10 m的区域面积为3 400 km2,地下水位年均降幅约0.29 m。地下水开采引起地下水流场变化,“西砂、东黏”的水文地质条件促使区域地下水降幅的时空演化差异;水田种植规模的不断扩大引起地下水超采,浅地表黏土层阻挡降水入渗补给,地下水无法实现以丰补欠自平衡,造成了建三江垦区地下水位的持续下降。本研究成果为进一步查清三江平原地下水变化规律和现状特征奠定了基础,为科学指导地下水资源合理开发利用和管理提供了技术支持。     

浅析石河子市地下水涵养的可行性

新疆石河子在规模种植、节水灌溉等技术上一直走在全国前列,在上世纪50年代初建城,从西部小镇发展成现在的戈壁明珠、最适宜人居环境、全国节水型社会建设示范市、全国文明城市。垦区持续的快速发展,尤其是工业的跨越式发展,使石河子市开始面临严峻的水资源供需矛盾。解决水资源供需矛盾,需要综合规划地表水、地下水的合理配置,以避免优质地下水资源枯竭。从石河子市区地下水补给来源及其变化趋势,提出地下水源涵养的思路,通过分析石河子市区地下储水构造特征及其地下水的补给来源、动态变化以及存在的供求矛盾,探讨涵养地下水的可行性及重要意义,提出了地下水涵养工程的设想。     

里下河沿海垦区2003年大水期水质分析评价

利用盐城市水环境监测中心2003年大水期间里下河沿海垦区区域地表水、浅层地下水的水质监测资料，依据《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)，分析了区域的水质现状及主要污染物的形成原因，并提出了相应的水资源保护措施。     

浅井排咸 深井喷灌

江苏沿海垦区原为浅水海滩,由于长江、淮河、黄河下泄的大量泥沙在海潮波浪和潮流的海洋动力作用下反复搬移而成为滨海冲积平原。该区地下水是第四纪海相沉积物形成过程中,历史海水的沉积和成陆后的多次海侵所形成的衍生水,属于氯化钠,重碳酸盐钙镁类水型。土壤中含有较高的盐份,缺少团粒结构、瘦薄板结,再     

加强地下水污染测试技术能力建设,提升实验技术质量水平

全国地下水污染地质调查评价是一项基础性、公益性地质调查工作。其目的是查明全国地下水污染状况,综合评价地下水污染程度及变化趋势,编制全国地下水污染防治与保护区划,建立地下水水质与污染预警系统,为国家地下水污染防治和地下水资源保护、完善饮     

地下水水质监测与评价

地下水由于分布广、水质好且开发费用低而成为全世界重要的供水水源。中国北方生活供水的一半来自地下水,地下水也是干旱期重要的农业灌溉水源。然而,地下水水质日益面临来自农业、工业和城市污染源的威胁。地下水水质监测是评价水质状况最可靠的方法,并可作为供水水源保护的早期预警系统。它为水管理部门和水用户提供可靠的科学数据以便更好地管理和保护地下水资源。世界上正在执行两个巨大的地下水质监测和评价项目:一个是欧盟的水框架计划;另一个是美国的国家水质评价计划。文章评述了地下水水质监测的现状,介绍了地下水易污性评价、地下水污染源分级和地下水污染风险评价的方法。地下水易污性分区图是土地利用规划和供水水源保护的基础。地下水污染源分级结果为污染源治理提供了优先顺序。地下水污染风险分区图圈划出地下水污染的高风险区,为地下水资源保护和地下水污染监测提供重要的依据。     

DRASTIC模型评价地下水系统脆弱性中的GIS应用——以河北沧州地区为例

地下水是水资源的重要组成部份,地下水污染危害人的健康,影响人们的生产和生活,查明某一地区地下水容易受污染的可能性即地下水脆弱性,能为管理决策部门提供合理开发地下水资源,防治地下水污染的科学规划和管理依据。在脆弱性评价工作中,应用GIS技术完成地下水系统脆弱性编图,并进行地下水环境保护功能分区,是查明某一示范区地下水脆弱性的可靠手段和科学依据。本文以河北省沧州地区为例,以DRASTIC模型的七项评价因子为脆弱性评价指标,利用MAPGIS为平台实现地下水脆弱性编图,方便从事地下水工作的管理人员及时掌握地下水污染动态、空间分布及演化趋势。     

松嫩平原地下水系统循环特征

松嫩平原是松辽地下水系统区的一部分,是一个多层叠置的地下水盆地,西部以大兴安岭山地为界,西南部以松辽分水岭为界,东南部以长白山山地为界,北部、东部以吉黑省界为界,是一个相对完整的一级地下水系统。本文主要叙述潜水地下水系统的补给、径流、排泄特征。     

滇中地区地下水监测站网分析

滇中地区是云南省经济核心区,也是用水需求量最大的区域,通过分析区内现有地下水监测站网的密度、功能和布局,结合区域地下水功能区划、地下水开发利用状况、地下水超采情况和浅层地下水脆弱性,找出现有地下水监测站网存在的问题,提出合理化建议,为该区域地下水监测站网的调整规划提供技术依据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861