几种典型的油页岩干馏技术

介绍了当今世界典型的油页岩干馏技术。对油页岩气体热载体法干馏技术简要介绍了Petrosix技术,Kiviter技术,美国联合油SGR技术,日本Joseco技术和中国抚顺炉技术。重点介绍了固体热载体干馏技术中的Galoter技术,Tosco-Ⅱ技术,LR技术,ATP技术和DG技术。总结出在传统加工路线的基础上开发新工艺是今后的发展方向。在干馏技术选择阶段就应重点考虑有利于环境保护的技术。     

近年来国外钻井技术的主要进步与发展特点

详细介绍了国外在深井、超深井钻井技术,导向钻井技术,随钻测量技术,新型钻井液护壁堵漏技术,钻孔采矿技术,声波钻进技术和天然气水合物钻井技术方面的主要进步与发展特点。     

黄河流域水资源保护公共信息基础平台关键技术研究

研究了以流域机构为主体的黄河流域水资源保护公共信息基础平台的框架。涉及的关键技术包括两类：数字技术,建模和计算技术。目前的公共信息基础平台应采用的数字技术有：数据库技术、3S及其集成技术、计算机网络与数据通信技术、计算机支持的协同工作技术、智能体技术、多媒体技术与虚拟现实技术和中间技术等,必将为“数字黄河”工程的实施,做出应有的贡献。     

道路桥梁维修技术手册EI北大核心CSCD

著译者：李世华,小16开本,602页,平膜勒口,定价：98元,出版单位：中国建筑工业出版社,版次：第2版,出版时间：2015年8月,标准书号：978-7-112-18055-4,征订号：27264。 内容简介：本书包括的主要内容有：道路桥梁的检测技术（道路的检测技术、桥梁的检测技术、隧道的检测技术）;道路的维修技术（道路维修的机械设备、道路路基的维修技术、路面不平整的原因及处理技术、水泥混凝土路面的维修技术、沥青混凝土路面的维修技术）：桥梁维修技术（桥梁维修概论、桥梁结构表层的维修技术、桥梁结构裂纹的修补技术、梁式桥上部结构的维修加固技术、桥梁下部结构的维修与加固技术、拱桥的维修与加固技术、桥梁附属结构物的维修技术）等。     

污染土壤植物修复中螯合诱导和转基因技术的应用现状与前景

近年来,螯合诱导技术和转基因技术作为强化植物吸收重金属的两种技术备受关注。文中系统地介绍了植物对重金属的解毒机理、植物的基因改良以及螯合诱导技术和转基因技术在提高植物修复能力中的应用等有关内容,最后探讨了螯合诱导技术和转基因技术的发展方向,认为这两项技术不失为大有潜力的土壤重金属污染修复技术,具有着广阔的应用前景。     

煤层气开发技术综述

目前国内外煤层气开发技术主要包括钻井技术(定向羽状分支水平井钻井技术和空气欠平衡钻井技术)、完井技术(裸眼洞穴完井和套管射孔压裂完井)以及排采技术(有杆抽油泵技术、螺杆泵技术和潜油电泵技术)。在国内煤层气研究开发中仍存在如基础研究薄弱,没有形成从钻井、完井、生产到集输一体化的煤层气生产规模,中央企业和地方企业之间的资料和技术不共享,设备利用率低等诸多问题。定向羽状水平井、空气钻井技术、洞穴完井技术和压裂技术是当前煤层气开发技术的发展趋势,但必须加以改进使之成为适宜中国煤层气储层条件的技术。     

筑坝技术导向下的水利水电施工关键技术研究

应用传统的水利水电技术进行施工时,消耗的成本很高。以筑坝技术为导向研究了水利水电施工的关键技术,关键技术有原料配比确定技术、摊铺碾压技术和仿真技术,将这三种技术引用到水利水电施工工程的实施中,利用原料配比确定技术进行清理坝基、对比土料;使用摊铺碾压技术对模板进行施工;采取仿真技术进行流水作业和安全防护。与传统技术进行实验对比,结果表明,以筑坝技术为导向研究的关键技术可以提高工作质量,降低施工成本。     

中国高纯石英技术现状与发展前景

高纯石英技术包含高纯石英原料选择技术、加工工艺技术、加工装备技术和质量检测技术4个方面,它们是既相互独立,又相互联系和相互制约的技术整体,发展中国高纯石英技术是一项系统工程。目前中国高纯石英技术已经取得一定进展,主要标志是初步具有4N高纯石英中端产品的批量生产能力,并基本掌握了高纯石英质量检测技术;但中国目前还没有4N8及以上高端产品生产能力,表明与国际先进水平的差距依然很大。要改变中国高纯石英技术的相对落后现状,应从国家层面上调动和组织科研力量,产学研相结合,开展高纯石英原料选择技术、加工工艺技术和加工装备技术攻关,为中国高纯石英高端产品产业化提供技术支撑。     

洁净煤技术应用现状综述

我国是煤炭生产和消费大国 ,大力开发应用适合我国国情的煤炭地下气化技术、工业型煤技术、水煤浆气化技术、煤液化技术、洁净煤联合循环发电技术、煤系废弃物的综合利用技术等洁净煤技术 ,对提高煤炭利用率 ,改善环境状况 ,实现能源工业 (也包括化工及其它相关行业 )的可持续发展 ,有重要意义并具有广阔的发展前景。     

活动式集雨场技术探索

提出了活动式集雨场的技术方案,分析了该技术方案的优越性和可行性。利用活动式集雨场技术可以广泛增加雨水集蓄利用技术的使用空间,部分实现自压供水,并且能够节省土地,提高水质。高分子材料技术的发展为该项技术提供了可行性。该项技术的结构和操作简单易行,适宜在半湿润季风气候区应用,具有较高的经济和环境效益。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.