鄂西震旦系灯影组白鸡河锌矿床地质特征及成因探讨

在鄂西震旦系白云岩地层中,新发现了白鸡河锌矿床、凹子岗铅锌矿床、冰洞山铅锌矿床。白鸡河锌矿床矿石成分简单,富锌贫铅;矿石结构主要为细晶结构、交代结构;矿石构造变化大,存在角砾状、浸染状、纹层状、条带状及"雪顶"构造;成矿温度低,白云石化交代角砾岩作用普遍;矿石硫同位素为重硫,值域很宽,闪锌矿与方铅矿在相对封闭环境沉淀。矿床地质特征可与MVT型铅锌矿床相类比,成因为碳酸盐岩容矿的后生沉积铅锌矿床。     

富铟及贫铟矿床成矿流体中铟与锡铅锌的关系研究

富铟矿床几乎是锡石-硫化物矿床或富含Sn(Sn以硫盐类矿物存在或赋存于方铅矿等硫化物中)的CuP-b-Zn矿床。Sn的存在与否在某种程度上意味着In的富集与否。以富铟与贫铟矿床主成矿期石英中的流体包裹体为研究对象,分析了成矿流体中In、Sn、Pb和Zn的含量,结果显示,两类矿床成矿流体中Pb和Zn的含量处于同一水平,而富铟矿床成矿流体中In和Sn的含量远远高于贫铟矿床,二者相差1～2个数量级。这一方面说明富铟的成矿流体是形成富铟矿床的物质基础,另一方面说明Sn在In的迁移富集过程中起着重要作用。     

铅的成矿机理新探索

通过对铅及其氢化物的理化性质，铅矿床矿流体包裹体气液相成分、内生锡矿物的化学成分、铅矿物的共伴生矿物特征等相关问题的研究，认为铅氢化物，铅合金氢化物是铅成矿的主要迁移形式。在强还原、富氢、高压环境下，可随岩浆、热液、热气迁移至地壳浅部。在减压，贫氢，富硫的相对氧化环境；硫化成铅的硫化矿物及其硫盐矿物，或在氢逃逸氧化的贫硫环境；形成铅的单质及铅的合金矿物，并在长期地质事件中叠加，富集成铅矿床。     

华北地台北缘金矿成矿带的构造－水文特征

本文在矿石包体稳定同位素实测资料基础上编制了研究区成矿溶液δＤ等值线图，表明该成矿带内多数矿床在大气降水参与成矿过程方面具有整体性和统一性。计算各个成矿系统的水岩比后，根据其在δ￣（１８）Ｏ－δＤ坐标系中的位置可发现：成矿带多数矿床分属３个构造－水文成矿系列——每个系列是由一组相对富岩浆水的成矿流体矿床为内核；一组相对贫岩浆水的矿床为外围围绕该核心。基于对各个成矿系统流体演化成熟度的计算，提出一种预测、评估矿床规模的构造－水文方法。     

云南墨江镍金矿床主要控矿因素分析与研究

采用控矿因素分析研究，通过构造岩石地层及构造变形筛分探讨镍金矿床的成矿过程，认为本区金镍矿主要为地层及构造控矿。在矿床内，热（泉）水喷溢构造（成矿构造）有似环状粘土岩化带及热水同生沉积－交代－喷流构造岩石层序，脆－韧性剪切带（储矿构造）由近水平的纵张裂隙构造、左行共轭剪切裂隙及相对封闭的脆韧性剪切带组成。脆性张剪性X形微裂隙系统为富金矿脉的定位提供了构造空间。成矿演化过程为：①晚泥盆世热水同生沉积成岩成矿期形成含金黄铁矿硅质岩；②印支期逆冲推覆型脆韧性剪切构造成岩成矿期形成含金脆韧性剪切带；③燕山－喜马拉雅山期深源热流体叠加成矿期形成富金矿脉。指出3处成矿远景区，认为红土型金矿很可能是本区一种新的金矿类型，值得重视研究。     

华北地台北缘金矿成矿带的构造-水文特征

本文在矿石包体稳定同位素实测资料基础上编制了研究区成矿溶液δＤ等值线图，表明该成矿带内多数矿床在大气降水与成矿过程方面具有整体性和统一性。计算各个成矿系统的水岩比后，根据其在δ＾１８Ｏ－δＤ坐标系中的位置可发现：成矿带多数矿床分属３个构造－水文成矿系列－每个系列是由一组相对富岩浆水的成矿流体矿床为内核；一组相对贫岩浆水的矿床为外围围绕核心。其于对各个成矿系统流体演化成熟度的计算，提出一种预测、评估     

中国自然铜矿床类型、特征、分布及形成条件

近年来的找矿进展显示,我国至少存在2种以上成因类型的自然铜矿床(矿化带):火山-沉积碎屑岩型和陆相砂页岩型等,其主要分布在扬子地块西南缘和新疆天山地区.以湘西九曲湾(麻阳)铜矿和滇东北沿河铜矿为例,结合国外典型自然铜矿床(矿化带),分析了自然铜的成矿学特征及形成条件.通过对比分析沉积砂岩铜矿(硫化物)与自然铜矿的成矿学特征,认为自然铜成矿必须具备3个条件:①孔隙度丰富而适宜的储矿岩石;②水-岩反应中有利于含铜岩石的萃取和运移的浅成低温热液(卤水);③贫硫富生物有机质的地球化学还原障壁带.研究显示,自然铜形成于碱性贫硫的还原环境中,生物有机质对自然铜的成矿起重要作用,相对封闭的成矿环境、独特的流体性质对自然铜起保护作用.我国南方的自然铜矿床一般显示出层控、浅成低温及生物有机质参与成矿等特点.最后探讨了自然铜矿床在我国的找矿勘探前景.     

大兴安岭铜蕴矿潜力评议及找矿思路

大兴安岭地区酸性岩发育、中性岩次之，中酸性岩不发育，基性－超基性岩极少见，酸性岩富硅、高钾、贫铁镁，成因主要属陆壳改造型。据此，本文认为该区岩浆岩是一套富锡、铅锌（银）而贫酮岩浆的产物，产因此区找大型铜矿必须综合考虑岩浆岩与矿源层的成矿条件。     

河北牛圈热泉型银（金）矿床成因

牛圈银（金）矿床是冀北地区近几年来新发现的重要银矿床之一。本文从硅质角砾岩成因，成矿的阶段划分，成矿物理化学条件，矿物包裹体等方面入手探讨了该矿床成因并提出了成矿模式，该矿床成矿温度稍高（２２０－３５０℃），成矿压力很低（小于２６０×１０＾５Ｐａ）形成深度为０．４２－０．８６ｋｍ亚地表环境，成矿流体以低盐度（小于３．３５ｗｔ％ＮａＣｌ）富Ｋ＾＋，Ｃｌ＾－，Ｆ＾－，ＳＯ＾２－４，贫Ｎａ＾＋，Ｃａ＾２     

浙江东部火山岩型银矿床地球化学特征

浙东火山岩型银矿床属浅成中－低温火山热液成因。与成矿有关的火山岩、次火山岩具有富硅、贫铁、高钾、低钠特点。稀土元素表明，成矿火山岩与次火山岩是由地壳部分熔融形成的。同位素组成具岩浆成因特征。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861