夏秋季南黄海浮游植物群落及其调控因子

The phytoplankton water samples were collected in two multidisciplinary investigations which were carried out during summer(June) and autumn(November to December) of 2011. Phytoplankton species composition and abundance data were accomplished by Uterm?hl method. The phytoplankton community was dominated by diatoms and dinoflagellates in the southern Yellow Sea(YS) in summer and autumn. In summer, Paralia sulcata and Prorocentrum dentatum were the predominated species, the cell abundance ranged from 0.074 to 107.733×103 cells/L with an average of 9.057×103 cells/L. Two phytoplankton high abundance appeared in northwest part of the survey area and the Changjiang River Estuary, respectively. In autumn, Par. sulcata became the predominant species, and the phytoplankton cell abundance ranged from 1.035×103 to 8.985×103 cells/L, the average was 3.263×103 cells/L. The phytoplankton abundance in surface layer presented the homogeneous distributions. Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) method was applied for discovering the relationship between environmental factors and the common found phytoplankton species. The responses of phytoplankton to nutrients were varied between summer and autumn. The abundance of most predominant species, Par. sulcata was strongly correlated to temperature and salinity in autumn, but not the case in summer.     

The environmental implication of diatom fossils in the surface sediment of the Changjiang River estuary(CRE) and its adjacent area

In order to depict the distribution of diatom fossils in surface sediments and to establish a reliable reference data for further paleoenvironmental study in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary and its adjacent waters, the diatom fossils from 34 surface sediment samples and their relationship with environmental variables were analyzed by principal component analysis and redundancy correspondence analysis. The diversity and abundance of diatom fossils were analyzed. Some annual average parameters of the overlying water (salinity, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, depth, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, dissolved inorganic phosphate and dissolved inorganic silicate) were measured at each sampling site. A total of 113 diatom taxa and one silicoflagellate species were identified in the investigation area. Diatom fossils were better preserved in fine sediments. The absolute abundance of diatom fossils did not significantly diff er between inshore and off shore areas, the species diversity decreased from inshore to off shore. This may be because high nutrients and low salinity promoted the growth of more brackish species in coastal waters. The diatom taxa were divided into three groups, on the basis of their response and indication to environmental changes. For example, Actinocyclus ehrenbergii and Cyclotella stylorum were dominant in coastal waters (Group 1 and Group 3) with high nutrients and low salinity;the relative abundances of Paralia sulcata and Podosira stelliger were significantly higher in off shore sites (Group 2, average 39.5%), which were characterized by high salinity and deep water. Four environmental variables (salinity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, temperature and water depth) explained the composition and distribution of diatom taxa independently ( P< 0.05), this finding can be applied in further paleoenvironmental reconstruction research in this area.     

Distribution and fluxes of suspended sediments in the offshore waters of the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary

The offshore waters of the Changjiang Estuary are the transitional areas where river-supplied water and sediment are transported to the sea, and material exchanges occur with the neighbored Hangzhou Bay and the Jiangsu waters. Field observations of currents and sediment properties were conducted to study temporal and spatial distributions of suspended sediments under various dynamical conditions. The high sediment concentrations were found to occur in the western and southern waters of the offshore, and the low concentrations occurred in the eastern and northern waters. This pattern of the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) distribution is obviously influenced by the runoff and tidal current. The significant difference of along-estuary SSC distribution indicates that the SSC is reduced gradually from the west to the east, and that in the spring tide is obviously higher than in the neap tide. The methods of mechanism analysis and equal-area grids were used to calculate the suspended sediment fluxes at the typical cross sections. It was found that 44 percent of total suspended sediments from the Changjiang River were deposited in the submarine delta, and more than 27 percent of sediments were transported southernly into the Hangzhou Bay, and only 9 percent of sediments was supplied and exchanged with the northern Jiangsu waters, and about 20 percent of sediments was delivered offshore to the sea.     

Macrobenthic community structure in the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent waters in summer

On the basis of data collected in the summer of 2006 from 27 sampling stations in the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent waters, the ecological characteristics of macrobenthos and the relationship between the macrobenthos and the environmental factors were studied using hierarchical cluster and non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS).The biomass, abundance, Shannon-Wiener's and Margalef's indices of the macrobenthos were presented. The results showed that a total of 253 macrobenthic species were found in the research region, and most of them belong to mollusks and polychaetes. The dominant species were Cossurella dimorpha, Eocylichna cylindrella, Episiphon kiaochowwanense, Nassarius semiplicatus, Ocstergrenia variabilis and Sternaspis scutata. The average abundance of the macrobenthos was (313.15±233.4) ind./m2, and the average biomass was (15.2±11.2)g/m2.The distribution patterns of the abundance and biomass of the macrobenthos were similar. The abundance and biomass in the area close to the estuary were lower than those from the area more distant to the estuary; the central part of the research region had higher abundance and biomass than other parts of the research region. In accordance with the results, four macrobenthic communities with distinct spatial differences were identified. The low abundance and biomass in the area close to the estuary should be caused by the high sedimentation rate. The statistical analysis indicated that the depth is the most important factor affecting the distribution of macrobenthos.     

Autumn living coccolithophores in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

An investigation was carried out on living coccolithophores(LCs) distribution in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea from October 17 to November 24, 2011. A total of 223 samples from different depths were collected at 48 stations. Totally 18 taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified using a polarized microscope at the 1 000× magnification. The maximum species abundance was found at the outside of Transect P. The dominated species were Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Emiliania huxleyi, Helicosphaera carteri, and Algirosphaera robusta. The abundance of coccoliths and cells ranged 0–2 965.73 coccoliths/mL, and 0–119.16 cells/mL, with the average values of 471.00 coccoliths/mL and 23.42 cells/mL, respectively. The LCs in surface layer were mainly observed on the coastal belt and middle part of the survey area. The comparison among Transects A, F, P and E indicated lower species diversity and less abundance in the Yellow Sea than those of the East China Sea. The highest abundance of LCs was found in transect F and P. The coccolith abundance increased slightly from surface to bottom in the water column, but the highest value of the cell abundance was observed in the depth of 10–30 m. Temperature, depth and nutrient concentration were suggested as the major environmental factors controlling the distribution and species composition of LCs in the studying area based on canonical correspondence analysis(CCA).     

2010年西北冰洋浮游植物区域差异与环境关系

Global warming has caused Arctic sea ice to rapidly retreat,which is affecting phytoplankton,the primary producers at the base of the food chain,as well as the entire ecosystem.However,few studies with large spatial scales related to the Arctic Basin at high latitude have been conducted.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in phytoplankton community structure and ice conditions.Fifty surface and 41 vertically stratified water samples from the western Arctic Ocean(67.0°–88°26′N,152°–178°54′W) were collected by the Chinese icebreaker R/V Xuelong from July 20 to August 30,2010 during China's fourth Arctic expedition.Using these samples,the species composition,spatial distribution,and regional disparities of phytoplankton during different stages of ice melt were assessed.A total of 157 phytoplankton taxa(5 μm) belonging to 69 genera were identified in the study area.The most abundant species were Navicula pelagica and Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii,accounting for 31.23% and 14.12% of the total phytoplankton abundance,respectively.The average abundance during the departure trip and the return trip were 797.07×10~2 cells/L and 84.94×10~2 cells/L,respectively.The highest abundance was observed at Sta.R09 in the north of Herald Shoal,where Navicula pelagica was the dominant species accounting for 59.42% of the abundance.The vertical distribution of phytoplankton abundance displayed regional differences,and the maximum abundances were confined to the lower layers of the euphotic zone near the layers of the halocline,thermocline,and nutricline.The species abundance of phytoplankton decreased from the low-latitude shelf to the high-latitude basin on both the departure and return trips.The phytoplankton community structure in the shallow continental shelf changed markedly during different stages of ice melt,and there was shift in dominant species from centric to pennate diatoms.Results of canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) showed that there were two distinct communities of phytoplankton in the western Arctic Ocean,and water temperature,ice coverage and silicate concentration were the most important environmental factors affecting phytoplankton distribution in the surveyed sea.These findings will help predict the responses of phytoplankton to the rapid melting of Arctic sea ice.     

Morphology and distribution of the marine diatom Azpeitia africana(Janisch ex A. Schmidt) G. Fryxell & T. P. Watkins in the South China Sea

The purpose of the present paper is to study the morphological structure and variability of Azpeitia africana and to determine its geographical distribution in the surface sediments of the South China Sea(SCS). Sediment samples were collected with grabs or box corers in one cruise in 2001 and two cruises in 2007. The sampling stations were located between 3°56.61′–20°59.37′N and 108°30.68′–116°46.70′E,where the water depth ranged from 72 m to 4 238 m. The diatom was observed by phase contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Microscopical observation showed that A. africana had circular valves with the areolar lines radiating from the eccentric ring. The central rimoportula had an external tube recessed on the edge of a central ring. The marginal rimoportulae were not evenly spaced, and they were positioned more closely together in one quadrant than in the others. Azpeitia africana is the most abundant diatom species in the southern region of the SCS, and accounted for 0.9%–5.6% of all diatom species in the Xisha Islands area. Average cell density of A. africana was 1.1×10~5 valves/g. The percentage abundance of A.africana was low(0%–2.5%) in the northern regions of the SCS and the Sunda Shelf, and it was not detected in the northwestern continental shelf(shallow water area) and northern Kalimantan Island shelf. Our results suggested that A. africana is a typical warm water species and that it could be used as an indicator of the warm Paci?c Ocean water, including the Kuroshio Current, ?owing into the SCS.     

Distribution of chlorophyll a and diatom in the sea ice of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica

Diatoms are major primary producers of microbial biomass in the Antarctica. They are found in the water and sea ice. The distribution, abundance of the ice diatoms and their relation to the environmental factors inside and outside the ice have been studied for its special role in the Antarctic Ocean ecology. In this paper we describe the abundance, distribution and composition of diatom assemblages in     

Spatial-temporal variation of phytoplankton community structure in Jiaozhou Bay,China

To better understand the spatial-temporal variation in phytoplankton community structure and its controlling factors in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, North China, four seasonal sampling were carried out in 2017. The phytoplankton community structure and various environmental parameters were examined. The phytoplankton community in the bay was composed of mainly diatoms and dinofl agellates, and several other species of Chrysophyta were also observed. Diatoms were the most dominant phytoplankton group throughout the year, except in spring and winter, when Noctiluca scintillans was co-dominant. High Si/N ratios in summer and fall refl ect the high dominance of diatoms in the two seasons. Temporally, the phytoplankton cell abundance peaked in summer, due mainly to the high temperatures and nutrient concentrations in summer. Spatially, the phytoplankton cell abundance was higher in the northern part of the bay than in the other parts of the bay in four seasons. The diatom cell abundances show signifi cant positive correlations with the nutrient concentrations, while the dinofl agellate cell abundances show no correlation or a negative correlation with the nutrient concentrations but a signifi cant positive correlation with the stratifi cation index. This discrepancy was mainly due to the diff erent survival strategies between diatoms and dinofl agellates. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index ( H′) values in the bay ranged from 0.08 to 4.18, which fell in the range reported in historical studies. The distribution pattern of H′ values was quite diff erent from that of chlorophyll a , indicating that the phytoplankton community structure might have high biomass with a low diversity index. Compared with historical studies, we believe that the dominant phytoplankton species have been changed in recent years due mainly to the changing environment in the Jiaozhou Bay in recent 30 years.     

胶州湾大沽河口小型底栖动物分布的季节变动

Sediment samples were collected in the intertidal zone of the Dagu River Estuary, Jiaozhou Bay, China in April,July and October 2010 and February 2011 for examining seasonal dynamics of meiofaunal distribution and their relationship with environmental variables. A total of ten meiofaunal taxa were identified, including free-living marine nematodes, benthic copepods, polychaetes, oligochaetes, bivalves, ostracods, cnidarians, turbellarians,tardigrades and other animals. Free-living marine nematodes were the most dominant group in both abundance and biomass. The abundances of marine nematodes were higher in winter and spring than those in summer and autumn. Most of the meiofauna distributed in the 0–2 cm sediment layer. The abundance of meiofauna in hightidal zone was lower than those in low-tidal and mid-tidal zones. Results of correlation analysis showed that Chlorophyll a was the most important factor to influence the seasonal dynamics of the abundance, biomass of meiofauna and abundances of nematodes and copepods. CLUSTER analysis divided the meiofaunal assemblages into three groups and BIOENV results indicated that salinity, concentration of organic matter, sediment sorting coefficient and sediment median diameter were the main environmental factors influencing the meiofaunal assemblages.     

An investigation of the sources and seasonal variations of highly branched isoprenoid hydrocarbons in intertidal sediments of the Tamar Estuary, UK

The concentrations and distributions of highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) hydrocarbons in the surficial sediments of an intertidal mudflat in the Tamar Estuary, UK, were examined at monthly intervals throughout 1990. C₂₀ and C₂₅ HBIs were present all the year round and their concentrations covaried, maximising at several times in the year, notably in April–June. Since C₂₅ HBIs are known to be produced by a species of diatom (Haslea ostrearia) in culture, it seemed likely that the sedimentary maxima were also due to production from sediment diatoms. It was interesting therefore that the April–June HBI maximum did not coincide with the (August) maximum concentration of the common diatom hydrocarbon n-heneicosa-hexaene (HE), even though HE is also produced by the diatom species which produces C₂₅ HBIs in culture. Diatoms isolated from the sediments in August produced abundant HE and only a small proportion of C₂₅ HBIs. These results suggest that HBI and HE production maximise at different diatom growth stages, or that the major sources of HBIs in the sediments are as yet unidentified diatom species. The diatoms isolated from the sediment did not produce C₂₀ HBIs and to date no organism has produced these in culture. Nonetheless, the δ¹³C values of the sedimentary C₂₀ HBIs were consistent with an algal source.     

Structure of a mudflat diatom community in the Avon‐Heathcote Estuary,New Zealand

Parameters of community structure (species composition and relative abundance, number of taxa, diversity, evenness, and cell density) were measured for a mudflat diatom community in the Avon‐Heathcote estuary, New Zealand. Fifty three diatom species were identified: 25 taxa (species and varieties) are new New Zealand records. The Shannon‐Wiener information index (H') was 3.46, indicating high diversity. Evenness (J') ranged from 0.57–0.67. The association between the biomass of the pulmonate gastropod, Amphibola crenata, and benthic diatom community structure was studied using large open enclosures (4.0 m²) to manipulate snail biomass. Community structure was compared at 0, 5 (natural biomass), and 10 g A. crenata dry weight per m. A similarity index (SIMI=0.88–0.95), as well as H’ and J’ indicated close similarity between the diatom assemblages within all enclosures, but number of taxa increased from 33 to 49 with increasing snail biomass. Cell densities were significantly lower at high snail biomass (6088 valves per mm²) compared to enclosures with no snails (10 110 valves per mm ). A. crenata had a higher ratio of diatom fragments to whole diatom valves in its faeces (2.42) than in its crop (0.55), indicating that it is capable of fragmenting diatoms.     

渤海3个河口区底栖硅藻群落的时空变化特征

底栖硅藻是河口泥滩系统中的重要初级生产者,其群落结构的时空变化可显著影响到河口底栖动物生产力。本研究选取渤海区域的大辽河口、汉沽河口和黄河口为研究对象,分析了泥滩中底栖硅藻群落结构的季节变化特征(2014−2016年)与空间差异,并探讨了环境因素的影响作用。结果表明,3个河口区底栖硅藻多样性和生物量高峰均出现在秋季,优势种存在显著季节演替特征;在空间上,大辽河口和汉沽河口的底栖硅藻生物量显著高于黄河口。底栖硅藻群落结构与多种环境因子的相关性分析表明,温度和营养盐浓度变化对底栖硅藻群落的季节性特征影响显著;河口沉积物的粒径、潮差与径流量可能是造成底栖硅藻群落空间差异的重要因素,黄河口较低的底栖硅藻生物量显著受限于较粗的沉积物粒径和显著的磷限制。     

Selective preservation of upwelling-indicating diatoms in sediments off Somalia,NW Indian Ocean

The diatom species composition of settling biogenic silica particles collected in sediment traps was compared with the underlying sediment to determine the preservation of the various diatom species and to investigate the potential of biogenic silica as an indicator for changes in paleo-upwelling intensity. During the Netherlands Indian Ocean Programme (NIOP), settling particles were collected at two sampling sites off Somalia (NW Indian Ocean) for 9 months, from June 1992 to February 1993. One sediment trap array was deployed on the Somali slope directly below one of the main upwelling gyres, and a second array, meant as a reference site to reflect pelagic sedimentation, was moored in the Somali Basin away from direct coastal upwelling influence. At both sites diatoms represented over 90% of the total opal microorganisms. On the Somali slope, total annual diatom flux was 12.6×10⁹ valves m⁻², 76% of which was collected during the 112 d of the southwest monsoon, with peak fluxes in October, the end of the upwelling season. In the Somali Basin, the total annual flux was lower, 4.8×10⁹ valves m⁻², and only 39% was collected during the SW monsoon period (98 d). At both sampling sites, a distinct seasonal diatom species succession of ‘pre-upwellers’, ‘upwellers’ and ‘oceanic species’ was apparent. Although only a small part of the diatom assemblage escaped dissolution at the sediment–water interface, two species, Thalassionema nitzschioides and Chaetoceros resting spores, were preserved in the sediment, indicating that they are resistant to dissolution at the sediment–water interface. Eighty one percent of the deposition of Thalassionema nitzschioides and 78% of the deposition of Chaetoceros occurred during the upwelling period. Since these two species are the dominant component of the diatom assemblage in the sediments, and thus determine the biogenic silica content, we conclude that this preserved biogenic silica reflects the upwelling in the surface layer of the water column. On the Somali Margin, variations in biogenic silica flux as inferred from sedimentary records can therefore be used as an indicator for changes in paleo-upwelling intensity.     

福建三沙湾表层沉积硅藻分布特征及其与环境因子的关系

通过对三沙湾24个站位表层沉积物样品进行硅藻分析,共鉴定硅藻31属84种（包括变种和变型）,其中夏季和冬季分别鉴定出31属71种和31属67种,主要属种以中心纲硅藻为主,如爱氏辐环藻（Actinocyclus ehrenbergii）、波状辐裥藻（Actinoptychus undulatus）、横滨盒形藻（Biddulphia grundleri）、中心圆筛藻（Coscinodiscus centralis）等.在生态习性上,底栖海水种占绝对优势.硅藻丰度从湾顶向湾外递减,夏季丰度高于冬季,平均丰度分别为9 003个/g和6477个/g.沉积物粒度分析显示,三沙湾表层沉积物以粉砂质粘土为主,研究表明三沙湾硅藻丰度与平均粒径存在一定相关性,夏季硅藻丰度变化范围为2 104～28 209个/g,粒径范围为5.26～7.36Φ,硅藻丰度与平均粒径变化范围都较大;而冬季硅藻丰度变化在1 929～14 372个/g之间,粒径范围为5.51～6.98Φ,相对夏季其变化较小,论证了水动力是影响硅藻沉积分布的一个重要因素.对影响三沙湾表层沉积硅藻分布的主要环境因子进行探讨,三沙湾表层沉积硅藻主要受潮流、深度和盐度等影响较大.     

2006年冬季北黄海网采浮游植物群落结构

根据2006年12月30日—至2007年1月17日北黄海的调查资料,对该海域浮游植物的种类组成、优势种、丰度及其分布和多样性等基本状况进行了分析。本次调查共鉴定浮游植物4门68属131种,主要以温带近岸和广布性种为主,其中硅藻有53属113种,占总种数的86.3%,甲藻有11属16种,占总种数的12.2%。浮游植物丰度平均值为88.89×104个/m3,硅藻丰度平均值为86.58×104个/m3,甲藻丰度平均值为2.28×104个/m3,硅藻丰度分布趋势决定了浮游植物丰度的分布趋势。辽宁南岸是浮游植物密集区,山东半岛北岸其次,而北黄海中部是浮游植物的稀疏区。优势种为:短角弯角藻(Eucampia zodiacus)、具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)、尖刺拟菱形藻(Pseu-do-nitzschia pungens)、密连角毛藻(Chaetoceros densus)、柔弱角毛藻(Chaetoceros debilis)、刚毛根管藻(Rhizosolenia setigera)。浮游植物群落Shannon-Weiner物种多样性指数平均值为1.80,Peilou均匀度指数平均值为0.42。与1959年1月相比,2007年1月北黄海浮游植物丰度由150.00×104个/m3降为88.89×104个/m3,下降了近41%,硅藻丰度由148.00×104个/m3降为86.58×104个/m3,而甲藻丰度由1.25×104个/m3上升为2.28×104个/m3,占浮游植物丰度的比例由0.8%上升为2.5%。主要优势种及优势属也发生了一定程度的变化,但浮游植物群落结构仍以硅藻为主、甲藻其次,浮游植物丰度总的分布格局变化不明显。     

Distribution and germination of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea

The abundance and temporal patterns of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea in 2006 have been investigated. The abundance of viable resting stages was enumerated with the most probable number (MPN) technique. Overall, 25 diatom species (including varieties) belonging to 16 genera were detected. Viable resting stage cells were common, on the order of 10³ to 10⁶ cells/g dry mass. The abundant taxa included Skeletonema marina, S. dohrnii, Chaetoceros curvisetus and Thalassiosira spp., with Skeletonema accounting for 83.3% of the cell. The effects of temperature (10, 15, 20, 25℃), salinity (20, 25, 30, 35 psu) and light intensity (0, 300, 4 000, 8 000 lux) on the germination of resting stages in sediment samples were also determined. The results showed that light intensity had a significant positive effect on the germination of diatom resting stage cells (p <0.01) and that diatoms could not germinate in darkness. Temperature and salinity had no noticeable effects on the germination. The present study suggests that there are abundant diatom resting cells in sediments of the East China Sea, which could serve as a "seed bank" in the phytoplankton population succession and contribute to the initiation of algal blooms.     

我国典型潮间带底栖硅藻群落空间分布特征

底栖硅藻是河口、泥质海滩生态系统的重要生物类群,其数量与分布变化直接或间接地影响到多种海洋生物的饵料供给、海鸟的生存与迁徙。通过对我国从南到北14个典型潮间带表层沉积物中底栖硅藻的分析,共鉴定出硅藻153种,其物种多样性（Shannon-Weaver 指数范围:1.61~4.39）与生物量（范围:0.09×103 ~ 10×103个/g,干质量）在空间上存在显著差异;聚类分析与相似性分析检验（r=0.738,P=0.1%< 0.01）表明,14个调查区域的硅藻群落在空间上可分为4个大的组合,分别对应着渤、黄、东、南海4个区域,吻合了我国近海浮游植物的地理分布特征。与环境因素的相关性分析表明,底栖硅藻群落的物种多样性与生物量受沉积物类型与盐度的影响显著,泥质区域更有利于硅藻的保存,而生物多样性在泥砂质低盐区域相对较高。此外,底栖硅藻生物量与表层沉积物中TOC含量表现出显著正相关性;δ13C数值的空间变化范围为-25‰~-20‰,指示了有机质陆海混合的特征,其中,涧河河口、黄河口、大沽河口、苏北浅滩区域,δ13C数值明显偏正,表明底栖硅藻可能是这些区域沉积物中有机碳的重要贡献者。     

2011年胶州湾网采浮游植物群落结构及其环境影响因子

本文于2011年1-12月对胶州湾海域浮游植物进行了周年调查,获得了同步的温盐和营养盐数据,分析了浮游植物丰度、优势种类、多样性指数和季节变化特征及其与环境影响因子的关系。结果表明：共检出浮游植物108种（包括变种和变型）,其中硅藻门34属93种,甲藻门6属14种,金藻门1属1种。浮游植物主要由硅藻和甲藻两大类组成,其中硅藻占绝对优势,全年甲藻/硅藻比均小于0.08。优势种共有35种,夏、冬季优势种交替明显,全年几乎均出现的种类为圆筛藻（Coscinodiscus spp.）,旋链角毛藻（Chaetoceros curvisetus）和中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）。生态类型主要以广布种、广温近岸种、温带近岸种为主,也出现了少数暖水种和外洋种。浮游植物丰度分别在2月、4月和7月份达到峰值,其中4月全年最高,为591×10⁶cell/m³,2月是次高峰,数量为468×10⁶cell/m³,7月为172×10⁶cell/m³,秋季浮游植物丰度相对较低。本研究结果与胶州湾浮游植物典型双峰型变化不同。浮游植物群落多样性指数平均为2.4,秋、冬季节较高,春、夏季节偏低,水平分布上呈现湾外 > 湾口 > 湾内的趋势,均匀度平均值为0.26,分布趋势与多样性指数基本相同。由此可见,湾外浮游植物群落结构较湾口和湾内更为稳定,温度、硅酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐和磷酸盐对浮游植物丰度和群落结构存在明显影响。