Oil,the European Dilemma,a Study in Economic and Political Geography

Abstract

Marion Clawson. Land for Americans. Resources for the Future Policy Background Series. Rand McNally and Co., P.O. Box 7600, Chicago 80, Ill., 1963. 141 pages with table of contents and black and white illustrations. $2.00.

Devereux Butcher. Exploring Our National Wildlife Refuges, 2nd edition. Houghton Mifflin Co., 2 Park St., Boston 7, Mass., 1963. 340 pages with bibliography, 342 photographs and a map. $6.50.

Jane Lyon. Clipper Ships and Clipper Captains. American Heritage Co., Inc., 551 Fifth Ave., New York 17, N.Y., 1963. 153 pages with color and black and white illustrations. $3.95.

UNESCO. A Review of the National Resources of the African Continent. International Documents Service, Columbia University Press, 2960 Broadway, New York 27, N.Y., 1963. $15.00.

Floyd Miller. Ahdoolo! The Biography of Matthew A. Henson. E. P. Dutton and Co., Inc., 201 Park Ave., S., New York 3, N.Y., 1963. 221 pages. $4.50.

Edna Mason Kaula. The Land and People of Tanganyika. J. B. Lippincott Co., E. Washington Sq., Philadelphia 5, Pa., 1963. 155 pages with table of contents, two maps, index and photographs. $2.93.

Henry M. Kendall, Robert M. Glendinning and Clifford H. MacFadden. Introduction to Geography, third edition. Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc., 750 Third Ave., New York 17, N.Y., 1962. 582 pages with table of contents, index and black and white photographs, maps and illustrations. $8.50.

C. William Harrison. The First Book of Wildlife Sanctuaries. Franklin Watts, Inc., 575 Lexington Ave., New York 22, N.Y., 1963. 61 pages with maps, black and white pictures and an appendix regarding some of the United States' national wildlife refuges. $2.50.

Denis Baly. Geographical Companion to the Bible. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., 330 West 42nd St., New York 36, N.Y., 1963. 196 pages with maps, photographs, place-names and subject index. $5.95.

David J. Bowen. The Land and People of Peru. J. B. Lippincott Co., E. Washington Sq., Philadelphia 5, Pa., 1963. 160 pages with table of contents, index, black and white photographs and one map. $2.93.

Victor E. Shelford. The Ecology of North America. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Ill., 1963. 610 pages. $10.00.

Richard F. Burton, edited by Fawn M. Brodie. The City of the Saints and Across the Rocky Mountains to California. Alfred A. Knopf, 501 Madison Ave., New York 22, N.Y., 1963. 654 pages with table of contents, editor's introduction, appendices and index. $8.50.

Devereux Butcher. Exploring Our National Parks and Monuments (prepared under the auspices of the National Park Association), fifth edition, third revised printing. Houghton Mifflin Co., 2 Park St., Boston 7, Mass., 1963. 288 pages with table of contents, more than 300 colored and black and white pictures and three maps. $6.50.

Jacques M. May, M.D. “The Ecology of Malnutrition in Five Countries of East-Central Europe,” Studies in Medical Geography, Vol. 4. Hafner Publishing Co., 31 East Tenth St., New York 3, N.Y., 1963. 292 pages with table of contents, index and black and white maps. $10.50.

William G. Tyrrell. We New Yorkers. Oxford Book Co., 71 Fifth Ave., New York 3, N.Y., 1963. vi and 294 pages with table of contents, maps, photographs, drawings and index. $2.75 (net school price).     

Political Geography: Territory,State, and Society

Kevin R. Cox. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2002. xiv and 382 pp., maps, diags., photos., and index. $36.95 paper (ISBN 0‐631‐22679‐6) Reviewed by Douglas Reardon, Department of History, Geography, and Global Studies, Coppin State College, Baltimore, MD     

Cultural Globalization,Global English,and Geography Journals

In this paper we review the debate on cultural globalization and examine the rise of English as a form of global communication. The implications of these trends for the geographical community are discussed in an analysis of the use of English in geography journals. We note the increasing number of journals published in English, measure the proportion of contributions from non‐English‐speaking countries in English language journals, and note the language practice of selected journals. We conclude that there has been a trend towards linguistic homogenization and raise the question: what are the implications of a geographical discourse dominated by just one language?     

新经济地理学和经济地理学的对话——回顾和展望

克鲁格曼获得2008年诺贝尔经济学奖,使得新经济地理学成为众人瞩目的焦点,也引起了经济地理学家对新经济地理学的再次关注.本文在介绍克鲁格曼在美国地理学年会专题报告的基础上,回顾比较了经济地理学家和经济学家眼中的新经济地理学,最后探讨了新经济地理学和经济地理学在理论前沿和政策研究方面的融合潜力.克鲁格曼在2010年美国地理学年会上全面回应了经济地理学家对新经济地理学的批评,并以经济学家的身份阐述了新经济地理学和传统经济地理学在学术范式和学术方法方面的差异,有助于消除经济地理学家对新经济地理学的误解.尽管新经济地理学的模型仍然存在很多不足,但是学者们仍然在努力完善模型,试图使模型的假设更加符合现实,从而结论更加可靠.新经济地理学的发展可以为经济地理学的学术实践提供新的视角.另一方面,尽管经济地理学家的视角和研究范式不同于经济学家,但是,传统经济地理学的研究更加贴近实际,更能够揭示现实世界的丰富性和复杂性,从而可以为新经济地理学的抽象研究在理论和实践卜提供思路.在涉及政策方面的研究.新经济地理学面临的最大问题是其模型的假设严重偏离现实,因此其政策推论的可靠性值得商榷.同时,传统经济地理学的案例研究非常具体而全面,但是案例的特殊性使得其难以得到一般化的结论.在两者都存在各自的局限性的情况下,鼓励两者的交流和合作必然有助于经济地理研究的深入,并且可以为区域发展提供更加合理的政策建议.     

新经济地理学及其对经济地理学范式的修正

文章从理论、方法和实证等方面详细分析了新经济地理学的产生背景，进而对其主要理论和研究方法进行了简要概述。认为，正如经济地理学所言，新经济地理学存在很多方面的不足，如对研究空间的模糊化、强调研究方法的模型化、外部经济的片面化、区位形成的历史偶然性等，但是新经济地理学在很多方面，如对市场结构的强调、对过于经验化描述的摒弃以及报酬递增对不同空间尺度的影响等表现出对经济地理学范式的修正。     

Organizational Dynamics of the U.S. Logistics Industry: An Economic Geography Perspective*

Although the logistics industry provides critical services to all sectors of the economy, few studies exist in economic geography that examine and explain the organizational dynamics of this industry. This article highlights the significance of the logistics industry in contemporary industrialization and argues that an enriched understanding of the interaction between technology and space can be achieved by examining the evolution of an industry that plays a central role in the contemporary economy. We focus on dimensions that are identified as particularly important: organizational, geographic, and risk and security.     

我国人文与经济地理学发展回顾与展望——变化大背景下我国人文与经济地理学发展高层论坛综述

2016年1月22-23日,“变化大背景下我国人文与经济地理学发展高层论坛”在北京召开,与会的30余位专家就近年来我国人文与经济地理学发展的主要进展、学科发展存在的问题和制约因素、面临的发展机遇、学科发展的国际化道路、发展的主要重点方向与前景等议题开展了深入交流和研讨。近年来人文与经济地理学蓬勃发展,当前面临着一系列发展的重要机遇,未来发展有着广阔空间。建立学术共同体,针对重大问题开展联合攻关和协同创新;兼容本土化特色与国际化道路,促进中国人文与经济地理学走向世界;推动各系列人才梯队建设和中青年人才成长。     

Geography,the Integrating Discipline: Explaining China's Population-Driven Geopolitics to Students

Abstract

This article demonstrates geography's role as an integrative discipline and its utility in connecting students to the world around them. A case study links China's demography and its geopolitics to the lives of U.S. students. The relationship of China's population pressures to its resulting economic growth, need for economic resources, and geopolitical efforts are examined using the concepts and holistic capabilities that are the academic strength of geography.     

地理学与国际发展研究及中国的机遇

国际发展研究指相对发达国家的发展经验和知识在发展中国家本地化的研究,是西方地理学的经典议题。本文梳理和总结了20世纪中叶以来国际发展研究的发展历程,包括其出现背景、兴起过程和学科格局,系统评述了国际发展知识演变的4个阶段,即现代化理论阶段（20世纪50—70年代）、新自由主义阶段（20世纪80—90年代）、新结构主义阶段（21世纪初10年）,以及新现代化理论阶段（21世纪10年代至今）。借鉴西方经验,对照当前中国崛起的过程,提出中国已经到了需要为发展中国家提供国际发展知识的新阶段,应积极推动国际发展地理学。结合高质量共建“一带一路”的必然要求,立足学科优势,建议了中国开展国际发展地理学研究的4个方向,包括基于中国的区域发展经验和空间治理模式研究,针对发展中国家现代化地理研究,“一带一路”建设海外重大项目案例研究和国际发展融资地理研究。     

“新经济地理学”与经济地理学的分异与对立

最近几年来,由于经济全球化的趋势,西方经济学家又开始对经济地理学产生兴趣。“新经济地理学”或“地理经济学”应运而生。首先介绍经济学家克鲁格曼的“新经济地理学”理论框架和方法,综述西方地理学家对所谓“新经济地理学”的评价,最后概述经济地理学最近的发展以及地理学家对新经济地理学理解。     

Changing Geographies and the Geography of Change: Some Reflections

To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography and the 75th anniversary of the teaching of geography in the Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, the home of the Journal, this article, based on personal reflections and "objective" academic materials, provides an overview of developments in geography in the Department and Journal. The paper argues that the department's and Journal's"identities", since the post-World War II period, have been shaped by Singapore's changing domestic politics, the changing university academic environment, the personalities and academic interests of heads of the department and the Journa's editors, the state of the changing regional and global political economic environment, and the individual research interests of faculty in the department, and reflects a complex mix of colonial/post-colonial, modern/post-modern, North-South and East-West discourses. While a defined Singapore school of geography has yet to emerge, the article shows that both the department and the Journal have made major strides in meeting the challenges of globalisation and, in the process, have gained international visibility and academic legitimacy. In particular, the Journal has consolidated its position as a major voice for academics in lesser developed countries, its platform for "tropical world" discourse and maintaining its edge in the colonial/post-colonial and modern/post-modern discourses of states within the tropics.     

The Geography of Education and the Education of Geography: Agricultural Extension and the Political Ecology of Education

The spatial nature of learning is increasingly a focus of geographic inquiry. I argue that the spatiality of education, which is where formal learning occurs, has the potential to shape students’ spatial imaginaries. I analyze the role the spatiality of agronomic education plays in the historical construction of the social and physical landscape in southeastern Pará, Brazil. In opposing ways, the first Green Revolution, and agrarian social movements’ more recent agroecological Green Revolution are found to structure agronomic education and spatial imaginaries. The perspectives of agricultural extension agents trained in traditional agronomic programs are compared with teachers from an agroecological school located in an Amazonian agrarian reform settlement of Brazil's Landless Workers’ Movement. I collected these data over 17 months of ethnographic fieldwork. To analyze these data, I employ a political ecology of education perspective, which highlights how education and political economy interact to mediate relations with, access to, and contestations over natural resources. The geography of education and the education of geography exist in a complicated feedback cycle: Education is not neutral but ideologically charged and affects conceptions of productive landscapes, providing students intellectual and economic power to put their visions of landscape into effect.