鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界海陆过渡相页岩储集性与含气性

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界海陆过渡相页岩是重要的页岩气富集层系,但是含气性及其控制因素研究薄弱,制约了对该地区页岩气的勘探和研究。论文通过对鄂尔多斯东南部本溪和山西组大量页岩样品开展有机地球化学、矿物组成、页岩孔隙及分布的研究,评价了海陆过渡相页岩的储集性;通过含气量现场解吸和等温吸附实验,分析了页岩含气特征和影响因素。结论认为研究区海陆过渡相页岩有机质丰度高(TOC含量0.5%~11%),主要发育III型干酪根,有机质成熟度较高(1.0%~3.0% Ro);矿物组成以富黏土页岩为特征,黏土矿物含量可高达60%以上。总孔隙度分布在2%~8%,部分样品微裂缝发育。孔隙类型以平行板状的狭缝型孔隙介孔为主,在岩石孔隙比表面积和孔体积的贡献占90%以上;TOC含量与孔隙比表面积及孔隙总体积具有密切的相关性,有机质孔隙对岩石总孔隙构成具有重要贡献。现场解吸含气量为0.591~4.05 m3/t,兰氏体积从0.05 m3/t到14 m3/t都有分布,页岩实测含气量与气体吸附能力差异大。TOC含量是控制海陆过渡相页岩含气量和含气能力的重要因素,富黏土矿物的吸附作用可使样品含气能力显著增加。     

湖北省上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩气地质条件分析及有利区带预测

本文在调查和总结湖北省页岩气地质调查成果资料基础上,分析了湖北省上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩气地质条件.湖北省O3w-S1I富有机质页岩分布和TOC主要受到古隆起的控制,富有机质页岩在古隆起边缘或古隆起之间的坳陷区发育,其中鄂西水下古隆起西部、黄陵隆起东北部、神农架古隆起北部富有机质页岩厚度多大于40 m,TOC大于2%,页岩成熟度一般为2% ~ 3%.O3w-S11富有机质页岩孔隙度多小于5%,石英矿物含量较高.页岩含气性受保存条件的影响较大,湖北地区页岩气保存条件相对较差,局部构造稳定地区含气性较好.综合分析利川复向斜、秭归盆地西部、当阳复向斜为页岩气勘探的有利区带.     

西页1井龙潭组海陆过渡相页岩含气性分析

目前,国内外在海陆过渡相页岩含气性方面的相关研究较少。位于贵州省毕节地区黔西县境内的页岩气参数调查井西页1井揭示了黔西北地区上二叠统龙潭组海陆过渡相黑色碳质页岩发育特征及其含气性特点。通过有机地球化学实验,获取了西页1井的有机地化参数:TOC含量分布范围为0.4%~17.85%,平均值为4.25%;Ro分布范围为2.68%~3.48%,平均值为3.06%。钻、录、测井资料分析显示该井钻遇上二叠统龙潭组富有机质页岩层系厚度为148.85m,在钻进过程中,共有6层出现气显示。利用测井资料、现场解吸和等温吸附实验数据分析和计算,认为龙潭组海陆过渡相页岩含气页岩层段多,具有良好的吸附能力,得到总含气量为1.40~19.60m3/t。通过以上结果分析表明:西页1井所揭示的上二叠统海陆过渡相龙潭组含气页岩具有层段数量多、单层厚度小、有机质分段富集、热演化成熟度偏高等特点,且含气性较好,故该区海陆过渡相龙潭组地层具有较大的页岩气资源潜力。     

川南地区龙潭组页岩气成藏条件及有利区分析

基于钻井、岩心样品等分析资料,对川南地区上二叠统龙潭组页岩气成藏条件进行了系统分析,认为该区上二叠统龙潭组页岩主要形成于海陆过渡沉积相,页岩厚度较大(20~120m),富含有机质,有机质丰度高(TOC为0.85%~35.7%,平均7.51%),有机质类型主要为Ⅲ型,热演化程度达高一过成熟(Ro为1.95%~2.4%,平均2.22%),利于干气生成;页岩富含脆性矿物和黏土,微米级孔隙比较发育,利于吸附气赋存。与成功勘探开发页岩气的北美页岩相比,川南地区龙潭组页岩有利于干气的生成及赋存,综合分析提出了泸州—自贡—宜宾、女基井—潼南—高科井2个区块为页岩气富集有利区。     

四川盆地南部上二叠统龙潭组页岩气储集层矿物组成特征及意义

为探讨海陆过渡相页岩储集层海陆过渡相页岩储集层矿物对煤系页岩气生成、赋存的影响作用,对四川盆地南部龙潭组富有机质页岩样品,进行了X射线衍射分析、有机地球化学分析、孔隙度测试等。结果表明,龙潭组页岩有机质丰度较高(TOC含量为0.85%~35.7%),有机质成熟度达高-过成熟度阶段(Ro=1.96%~2.40%),页岩孔隙发育良好(孔隙度为3.14%~9.95%);龙潭组页岩富含黏土矿物(含量为20.3%~92.3%),其次是石英(含量为4.2%~46.2%)和方解石(含量为0~40.3%),还含有少量长石、白云石、黄铁矿、石膏等矿物,脆性矿物含量为6.3%~65.7%,多为20%~50%,脆性指数Ⅰ、脆性指数Ⅱ平均值为24.2%、32.32%,达北美工业性开采页岩压裂下限。黏土矿物含量与页岩孔隙度发育有密切相关性,两者呈正相关关系,脆性矿物则相反。反映在龙潭组页岩具有良好的页岩气形成的成热条件。     

鄂西宜昌下寒武统水井沱组页岩气聚集条件与含气特征

鄂西宜昌下寒武统水井沱组页岩具有良好的气体显示,页岩气成藏条件研究薄弱.利用最新钻探的井下资料、周边露头地质调查资料及大量样品的分析测试结果,从富有机质页岩区域展布、地球化学特征、岩石储集特征、含气性、保存条件等方面研究鄂西宜昌地区下寒武统水井沱组页岩气聚集条件.研究区水井沱组形成于陆棚-斜坡相带,厚度为50~140 m.有机碳含量高（TOC值为0.43%~10.45%,平均值达2.65%）,TOC大于2%的优质页岩有效厚度为28~41 m,有机质热成熟度为2.4%~3.2%,处于高演化阶段.页岩脆性矿物含量高,石英含量平均值为29.33%,碳酸盐含量平均值为25.94%,黏土矿物含量平均值为35.06%,且以伊/蒙间层为主.水井沱组富有机质页岩孔隙度为0.96%~3.32%,平均值为2.08%,页岩渗透率为0.01×10-3~3.05×10-3 μm2.氩离子抛光电镜与吸附测试表明,页岩孔隙发育具有成因类型多、孔径尺度小的特点,有机孔孔径主要集中在10~50 nm范围内.水井沱组页岩气层顶、底板条件良好,区域构造稳定、断裂不发育,页岩气保存条件优越.钻井过程中水井沱组气显频繁,解析含气量为0.31~5.48 m3/t,连续含气量大于2 m3/t的累计厚度达44.05 m.水井沱组水平井压裂获工业气流,页岩气组分中CH₄含量为87.17%~92.75%,C₂H₆为0.83%~0.94%,N₂为5.86%~9.37%,CO₂为0.05%~2.25%.总体上宜昌地区下寒武统水井沱组页岩气成藏条件较好,是四川盆地外页岩气新的勘探区.      

四川盆地西南缘五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气形成条件与有利区优选

利用四川盆地西南缘志留系龙马溪组最新钻井、露头资料及样品分析结果,从富有机质泥页岩区域分布、岩性、有机地球化学特征、储层特征、含气性、地层压力等方面,重点研究四川盆地西南缘龙马溪组页岩气形成条件与有利区优选。研究发现,五峰组-龙马溪组页岩具有有机质含量高(TOC 0.12%~6.49%,平均2.06%)、有效厚度大(普遍大于30m)、热演化程度高(R_o 2.62%~2.80%)、脆性矿物含量高(56%~92%)、孔隙度较高(0.50%~11.36%,平均3.85%)等特征,钻井岩心现场解析气量最大值达3.38 m³/t、埋深适中(浅于3500m),这些条件均有利于页岩气的形成与富集。综合对比研究结果表明,云南云荞、木杆、高桥地区是四川盆地西南缘页岩气勘探的3个有利区。     

海相和湖相页岩气富集机理分析与思考:以四川盆地龙马溪组和自流井组大安寨段为例

本文关注四川盆地龙马溪组和自流井组大安寨段两个页岩气代表层段,以涪陵页岩气田龙马溪组和元坝、涪陵自流井组大安寨段比较系统的实验分析资料为基础,从页岩储层的岩性、物性、电性及含气性、有机地球化学特性、脆性等"六性"对比的角度,对海相和湖相页岩气形成基本条件、富集机理和潜力层段进行分析和讨论,认为有机孔隙的发育程度是造成其含气性差异的主要原因,受TOC含量、热演化程度和有机质类型的影响,海相页岩有机质孔隙更加发育。两套页岩层系都具有较好的勘探前景,发育条带状或纹层状灰岩的浅湖-半深湖相富有机质泥页岩是湖相页岩气勘探的有利相带;龙马溪组底部深水陆棚含骨针放射虫笔石页岩岩相是龙马溪组勘探最有利的页岩岩相,另外富含有机质的浅水陆棚相带泥页岩发育的区域、保存条件受到一定程度破坏但吸附气含量仍较高的区域同样具有一定勘探潜力。     

黔北地区牛蹄塘组页岩有机质富集及有机质孔隙发育机制研究

基于上扬子黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组典型钻孔剖面,通过对代表性样品TOC含量、矿物组成、主量元素、微量元素、孔隙特征等测试分析,对黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩有机质特征、沉积环境以及孔隙发育机制开展了系统研究,为黔北地区牛蹄塘组页岩气的勘探提供参考。黔北地区牛蹄塘组中、下段发育富有机质页岩,TOC含量平均值为2.53%,TOC含量大于2.0%的富有机质页岩累积厚度约80 m。对氧化-还原环境敏感参数U/Th、Mo/Al和U/Al的研究表明,富有机质页岩形成于强还原性的沉积环境。牛蹄塘组中段富含黏土矿物的中等TOC含量页岩段较底部贫黏土矿物的高TOC含量页岩段孔体积和孔比表面积更高,有机质孔发育更好,可能与剖面下段排烃效率较高有关。富含黏土矿物的中等TOC含量页岩黏土矿物粒间孔较为发育,为生烃期原油或者运移沥青提供了一定的储集空间,并在更高热演化条件下二次裂解成气产生有机质孔。牛蹄塘组中段中等TOC含量页岩段较底部的高TOC含量页岩段为更有利的页岩气富集层段。     

黔中隆起及周缘下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气勘探前景

文章基于黔中隆起及周缘地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩的野外露头,并与周边钻井资料类比,通过野外地质观测、样品显微薄片等多项实验测试,以地层沉积、岩石学、有机地球化学和泥页岩含气性等为重点,对其下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气形成的成藏条件与勘探前景进行了分析。结果表明黔中隆起及其周缘地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组主要发育以盆地相—深水陆棚沉积环境控制的富有机质泥页岩,富有机质泥页岩厚度大(80~160 m),有机质丰度高(平均TOC含量3.63%),有机质类型好(Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型),热演化程度高成熟―过成熟(Ro1.55%),石英等脆性矿物含量丰富(平均46%),泥页岩中发育微米至纳米级微孔隙和微裂缝,且有较好的保存条件,有利于页岩气的形成与富集,具有较好的勘探前景。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861