海洋放线菌杀虫抗生素的一种快速筛选模型

报道了以卤虫为指示动物,采用双层琼扩戎方法构建的一种杀虫微生物筛选模型。该模型具有灵敏度高,快速简便等优点,适合于海洋一物杀虫活性物质的早期大量初筛工作。利用该模型对１２４０株分离于厦门海区潮间带的放线菌进行了初筛,杀虫阳性率为２．３％,展示了海洋微物生是杀虫活性物质研究和开发的重要来源。     

重组斑马鱼Gli2蛋白N端肽段的表达及纯化

Hedgehog(Hh)信号及其信号传递系统在生物机体发育中起着非常重要的作用。从Hhs分泌到其靶基因收到来自Hhs的信号的过程中，包括很多步骤，而每一步骤都有不同的因子参与作用。在其传递的过程中，参与受体细胞将胞外的信号传到胞内调节其目标基因的一个重要因子是果蝇分节-极性基因cubitus in terruptus(Ci)及其脊椎动物同源基 因-G li编码的蛋白。     

Wnt信号通路调控衰老相关疾病的研究进展

1950年代以来,全球人口老龄化现象逐步显现。衰老与生理功能的逐渐退化及对疾病的易感性增加有关。建立衰老模型研究衰老及相关疾病具有重要意义。研究发现,Wnt信号通路在衰老相关的生理病理过程中发挥着关键的调控作用。本文对常见的衰老模型和Wnt信号通路在衰老相关疾病中的作用方面的研究进展进行综述。     

几种石油烃对斑马鱼的急性毒性效应研究

以斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)为受试生物,采用半静态实验法,考察了苯、甲苯、萘、菲和原油的水生生态毒性效应。研究表明,苯、甲苯、萘、菲和原油对斑马鱼的96h半致死浓度(Half lethal concentration,LC50)分别为49.24、75.17、33.95、36.71和59.71mg·L-1。根据鱼类毒性分级标准,5种试剂均属于中毒物质,毒性大小顺序为萘菲苯原油甲苯。在试验过程中中毒个体均出现身体失衡,无序游动,侧游仰游等症状。经过进一步的毒性机理分析得出,各物质的组成和分子结构不同,导致其在生物体内的转运和转化过程不尽相同,毒性大小各异。     

斑马鱼幼仔的节奏感

最近，一项新研究表明，斑马鱼幼仔有一种神经节拍器，这使它们可以躲开捕食者的攻击。在实验中，研究者用闪烁的灯光照射斑马鱼幼仔：每次灯光照射时，它们都会摆动尾巴，其大脑中处理视觉信息的部位开始活动；当关闭灯光时，它们继续摆尾，其大脑活动继续进行。斑马鱼幼仔大脑活动的变化与灯光闪烁的节奏渐趋一致。在灯光闪烁结束后，它们对这种照射方式的记忆时间达20秒。     

中国科学家首次敲除斑马鱼1号染色体全基因

10月10日,斑马鱼1号染色体全基因敲除计划结题会暨第二届全国斑马鱼PI大会开幕式在武汉召开。会上科学家们宣布,中国科学家基本敲除了斑马鱼1号染色体上的1333个基因,这也是世界上科学家首次完成斑马鱼1号染色体全基因敲除计划,为研究人类疾病演化及治疗奠下科学基石。基因敲除是指针对某个感兴趣的遗传基因,通过一定的基因改造过程,令特定的基因功能丧失,并研究可能进一步对相关生命现象造成的影响.     

对虾病毒性疾病的研究进展

对虾病毒性疾病造成了全世界对虾养殖业的巨大经济损失,因此已成为国内外学者研究的焦点之一,本文对对虾病毒的种类,对虾病毒病的传播途径,检测方法及防治等方面的最新进展作了综述。     

海洋微生物抗肿瘤活性菌株的分级组合筛选

为探索如何快速获取活性菌株的筛选模式 ,组合使用海虾生物致死法和tsFT2 10细胞的流式细胞术筛选模型 ,对从青岛前海和胶州湾潮间带海泥、动植物样品中分离的 162株海洋微生物 ,进行了抗肿瘤活性的分级组合筛选。经海虾生物致死法一级初筛 ,得到活性菌株 5 8株 (LC50 <5 0 0 μg/mL) ,阳性率为 3 5 .8%。对初筛有效的 5 8株菌利用流式细胞术筛选模型进行二级复筛 ,得到对tsFT2 10细胞有各种活性的活性菌株共 2 5株 ,阳性率为复筛菌株数的 43 .1%、初筛菌株总数的 15 .4% ,其中 ,诱发细胞坏死伴有凋亡诱导活性的菌株 7株 (占总菌株的 4.3 % ) ,具有细胞周期抑制活性的菌株 18株 (占总菌株的 11.1% )。该分级组合筛选模式与流式细胞术筛选模型的单独筛选模式相比 ,无漏筛 ,具有成本低、速度快、宜于大规模筛选等特点。     

海上溢油数值模型研究进展

我国是海洋大国,近年来,海上活动持续增多,发生海上溢油事故的风险随之加大,海上溢油污染事故一旦发生,如不得到及时控制,必将严重损害我国近海海洋环境。为了完善我国海上溢油应急反应体系,提高我国处理重大海上溢油事故的应急反应能力,海上溢油污染应急技术研究已经得到开展。本文综述了溢油预测模型的发展过程以及相关的研究成果,包括：溢油扩展模型、溢油漂移模型、油粒子模型和溢油风化模型等。这为进一步开展溢油预测和溢油污染应急工作提供了理论依据和参考。     

用砂泥岩互层模型检验垂向分辨率

根据实际生产经验与理论分析,瑞利准则将垂向分辨率定义为λ／4可能并不合理。为了检验垂向分辨率,首先依据一次定性分析的结论,然后在此基础上设计一系列砂泥岩互层模型实验定量地分析并得出结论：将垂向分辨率定义为λ／8更为合理。     

Roles of Physical Processes in the Carbon Cycle Using a Simplified Physical Model

A simplified physical model is proposed in this article to describe differences among basins in substance distributions which were not well described by previous simplified models. In the proposed model, the global ocean is divided into the Pacific/Indian Ocean (PI), the Atlantic Ocean (AT), the Southern Ocean and the Greenland/Iceland/Norwegian Sea. The model is consisted of five physical parameters, namely the air-sea gas exchange, the thermohaline circulation, the horizontal and vertical diffusions, and the deep convection in the high-latitude regions. Individual values of these parameters are chosen by optimizing model distribution of natural ¹⁴C as a physical tracer. The optimal value for a coefficient of vertical diffusion in the low-latitude region is 7.5 × 10^–5 [m²s^–1]. Vertical transports by the Antarctic Bottom Water and the North Atlantic Deep Water are estimated at 1.0 Sv and 9.0 Sv. Global-mean air-sea gas exchange time is calculated at 9.0 years. Using these optimal values, vertical profiles of dissolved inorganic carbon without biological production in PI and AT are estimated. Oceanic responses to anthropogenic fluctuations in substance concentrations in the atmosphere induced by the industrialization and nuclear bomb are also discribed, i.e., the effects appear significantly in AT while a signal is extremely weak in PI. A time-delay term is effective to make the PI water older near the bottom boundary.     

Simulation of Formation and Spreading of Salinity Minimum Associated with NPIW Using a High-Resolution Model

A series of numerical experiments were conducted with a high-resolution (eddy-permitting) North Pacific model to simulate the formation and spreading of the salinity minimum associated with the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW). It was found that two factors are required to simulate a realistic configuration of the salinity minimum: a realistic wind stress field and small-scale disturbances. The NCEP reanalyzed wind stress data lead to better results than the Hellerman and Rosenstein wind stress data, due to the closer location of the simulated Oyashio and Kuroshio at the western boundary. Small-scale disturbances formed by relaxing computational diffusivity included in the advection scheme promote the large-scale isopycnal mixing between the Oyashio and Kuroshio waters, simulating a realistic configuration of the salinity minimum. A detailed analysis of the Oyashio water transport was carried out on the final three-year data of the experiment with reduced computational diffusivity. Simulated transport of the Kuroshio Extension in the intermediate layer is generally smaller than the observed value, while those of the Oyashio and the flow at the subarctic front are comparable to the observed levels. In the Oyashio-Kuroshio interfrontal zone the zonally integrated southward transport of the Oyashio water (140–155°E) is borne by the eddy activity, though the time-mean flow reveals the existence of a coastal Oyashio intrusion. In the eastern part (155°E–180°) the zonally integrated transport of the Oyashio water indicates a southward peak at the southern edge of the Kuroshio Extension, which corresponds to the branching of the recirculating flow from the Kuroshio Extension. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Simulation of Formation and Spreading of Salinity Minimum Associated with NPIW Using a High-Resolution Model

A series of numerical experiments were conducted with a high-resolution (eddy-permitting) North Pacific model to simulate the formation and spreading of the salinity minimum associated with the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW). It was found that two factors are required to simulate a realistic configuration of the salinity minimum: a realistic wind stress field and small-scale disturbances. The NCEP reanalyzed wind stress data lead to better results than the Hellerman and Rosenstein wind stress data, due to the closer location of the simulated Oyashio and Kuroshio at the western boundary. Small-scale disturbances formed by relaxing computational diffusivity included in the advection scheme promote the large-scale isopycnal mixing between the Oyashio and Kuroshio waters, simulating a realistic configuration of the salinity minimum. A detailed analysis of the Oyashio water transport was carried out on the final three-year data of the experiment with reduced computational diffusivity. Simulated transport of the Kuroshio Extension in the intermediate layer is generally smaller than the observed value, while those of the Oyashio and the flow at the subarctic front are comparable to the observed levels. In the Oyashio-Kuroshio interfrontal zone the zonally integrated southward transport of the Oyashio water (140-155°E) is borne by the eddy activity, though the time-mean flow reveals the existence of a coastal Oyashio intrusion. In the eastern part (155°E-180°) the zonally integrated transport of the Oyashio water indicates a southward peak at the southern edge of the Kuroshio Extension, which corresponds to the branching of the recirculating flow from the Kuroshio Extension.     

HYCOM模式对赤道及北太平洋海表温度的模拟

根据2种海气通量数据集(COADS、ECMWF)和2种海气通量块体参数化方案(常数块体参数化方案和非常数块体参数化方案)的不同结合,构成4组数值实验,使用HYCOM数值模式分别模拟了赤道及北太平洋的气候态海表温度。实验结果表明:(1)非常数块体参数化方案优于常数块体参数化方案;在太平洋40°N～20°S区域内,采用前者得到的年平均海表温度比Pathfinder卫星资料高约0.21℃,而采用后者得到的年平均海表温度比Path-finder卫星资料高约0.63℃。(2)HYCOM数值模式很好地模拟了赤道及北太平洋的气候态海表温度变化及西太平洋暖池空间分布的月变化。特别是实验2(采用COADS数据集和非常数块体参数化方案),在太平洋40°N～20°S区域内,冬、春两季平均SST仅比Pathfinder卫星数据集高0.02℃。(3)不同海气通量数据会对模拟结果产生明显影响。对比采用COADS数据集的实验2结果与采用ECMWF数据集的实验4结果可以发现,在模拟区域的西北部,实验2比实验4的年平均SST高约1℃;在模拟区域的东南部,实验4比实验2的年平均SST高约1℃。两者差的最大值出现在58°N、140°E附近及中国渤海,实验2比实验4的年平均SST高约4℃。     

石英示踪物源研究进展

综述了石英的性质和它作为有效指示剂来示踪物源的理论基础,进而详细介绍了使用扫描电镜、质谱、电子自旋共振和阴极发光等仪器对石英矿物的表面微结构、氧同位素比值、形成年龄和阴极发光颜色等特征进行研究来追踪物源的方法以及这些方法的可行性。还根据近年来研究者应用石英矿物来示踪物源的研究进展提出了今后利用石英研究物源需要注意的4个问题。     

Validation of Daily Amplitude of Sea Surface Temperature Evaluated with a Parametric Model Using Satellite Data

The authors have verified a regression model for the evaluation of the daily amplitude of sea surface temperature (ΔSST) proposed by Kawai and Kawamura (2002). The authors investigated the accuracy of satellite data used for the evaluation and showed that ΔSST error caused by satellite data error is less than ±0.7 K. The evaluated ΔSSTs were compared with in situ values. Its root-mean-square error is about 0.3 K or less, except for a coastal region, and it has a bias of more than +0.1 K in the tropics. This bias can be removed by considering latent heat flux. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

内蒙古赤峰市达里湖渔业产量的灰色预测与分析

由于病害和产卵条件恶化等原因,内蒙古赤峰市达里湖的鱼类资源出现了衰退,经调整产业政策,渔业产量在大幅度下降后又有所回升。本文使用内蒙古赤峰市达里湖2000—2009年的渔业产量数据,并应用灰色预测模型对其未来5 a的渔业产量进行了预测。结果表明,使用全程数据进行预测的渔业产量将持续下降,与最近几年的渔业产量趋势明显不符,这是由于在数据序列的中段发生的渔业产业政策调整造成了产量大幅度下降,其惯性对预测结果产生了决定性影响,而仅使用产业政策调整后的数据进行预测,则渔业产量呈上升趋势,并有望恢复到历史最高水平,说明渔业产业政策调整有利于渔业资源的保护和可持续利用。本文的结果同时表明,应用于灰色预测的数据的外部条件的突然变化(如本文中的渔业产业结构调整),会对预测结果产生很大影响,在选择数据序列时应予以关注。此外如何对数据外部条件的突然变化进行量化评估,并嵌入灰色预测模型,使灰色预测模型能够应对数据外部条件的突然变化,也是今后的1个研究课题。     

Stability Study of a Tide Embankment Subjected to Sea Level Variations Using Centrifugal Model Tests

To investigate the behavior of dredged-sea-sand fill compacted inside tide embankments with a damaged geosynthetic mat, centrifugal model tests and numerical simulation were conducted, both considering variations in sea level. The results from the three centrifugal model tests demonstrate that the subsidence of the dredged-sea-sand fill inside tide embankments with a damaged geosynthetic mat was strongly affected by the loss of dredged-sea-sand into the filter layers with large particles and a decrease in the bearing capacity of the filter layers with small particles. In addition, a comparison of the test and simulation results confirms that the loss of sand into the filter layer and the subsidence of the dredged-sea-sand fill were well reproduced by the numerical simulation.     

HYCOM模式对赤道及北太平洋海表温度的模拟

本文使用HYCOM数值模式,根据两种海气通量数据集(COADS、ECMWF)和两种海气通量块体参数化方案(常数块体参数化方案和非常数块体参数化方案)的不同结合,构成4组数值实验,分别模拟了赤道及北太平洋的气候态海表温度.实验结果表明:1)在本文的实验中,非常数块体参数化方案优于常数块体参数化方案;在太平洋40°N-20°S区域内,采用前者得到的年平均海表温度比Pathfinder卫星资料高约0.21 °C,而采用后者得到的年平均海表温度比Pathfinder卫星资料高约0.63 °C.2)HYCOM数值模式很好的模拟了赤道及北太平洋的气候态海表温度变化及西太平洋暖池空间分布的月变化.特别是实验2(采用COADS数据集和非常数块体参数化方案),在太平洋40°N - 20°S区域内,冬春两季平均SST仅比Pathfinder卫星数据集高0.02 °C.3)不同的海气通量数据会对模式结果产生明显的影响.对比采用COADS数据集的实验2结果与采用ECMWF数据集的实验4结果可以发现,在模拟区域的西北部,实验2比实验4的年平均SST高约1 °C;在模拟区域的东南部,实验4比实验2的年平均SST高约1 °C.两者差的最大值出现在58°N、140°E附近及中国渤海,约为4 °C(实验2比实验4的年平均SST高约4 °C).