电子探针微区紫外阴极荧光分析系统及在沉积碎屑岩分析中的应用

在JCXA—733电子探针上采用一种实用的微区紫外一可见阴极荧光的探测方案，可以分析样品表面微区的不可见和可见的荧光．荧光的波长和强度特性与物质的成分、结构、缺陷，物质的形成条件、经历、所处环境条件等密切相关．相对于常规的可见阴极荧光测试技术，探测紫外和红外阴极荧光可以在更宽的波段上获取更多更新的样品内在信息．用此方法对河北唐山石英砂岩及其微小次生加大边进行阴极荧光分析，发现它们具有不同的紫外荧光特征，还有对应波长为287nm的辐射损伤色心，由此可以推测至少有两期胶结作用，且石英碎屑来源复杂．这为分析胶结作用期次和碎屑物物源提供了新的技术方法，对于沉积盆地分析和油气储集具有重要的实用意义．     

煤系烃源岩与石英次生加大边的形成机理探讨:以鄂尔多斯盆地东部山西组为例

借助有机酸热模拟、岩石薄片及阴极发光实验资料,分析了鄂尔多斯东部地区山西组煤系烃源岩与石英次生加大边的关系。研究表明:煤系烃源岩以Ⅲ型干酪根为主,在热演化生烃的过程中由于含氧基团逐步断裂产生了大量的有机酸;在酸性微孔隙环境下,石英砂岩及其岩屑石英砂岩中的火山喷出岩屑、长石等不稳定矿物易遭受溶蚀,形成的SiO2提供了石英次生加大的硅质来源,薄片及阴极发光下均可观察到石英发育多期次生加大,尤以二期次生加大为主;证实煤系烃源岩中的有机酸是导致石英发生多期次生加大的直接原因,最终形成致密砂岩。     

湘西金矿外围石英脉含金性评价的矿物学标志

笔者对湘西金矿外围(东部)层间石英脉的主要载金矿物——石英进行了含金性评价的矿物学研究,除了石英的标型特征及包裹体评价之外,还着重进行了谱学评价,包括红外光谱(IR)、电子顺磁共振谱(EPR)、热发光光谱(TL)、X射线粉晶衍射谱(XRPD)以及阴极发光光谱(CL)等近代测试新方法,其中运用阴极发光光谱对石英脉含金性进行评价尚属首次,并据总结出的石英脉含金性评价的矿物学标志,预测了外围四个工作小区的成矿远景。     

东营凹陷中央背斜带沙三段砂岩石英次生加大边发育特征及其指示意义

石英次生加大是砂岩储层中常见且重要的成岩现象.本文通过对东营凹陷中央背斜带沙三段不同含油级别砂岩样品铸体薄片镜下观察、石英次生加大边宽度和含量的定量统计以及流体包裹体测温,分析了不同含油级别砂岩中石英次生加大边发育特征、期次和石英次生加大所需硅质的可能来源.砂岩样品中石英次生加大边最大宽度和加大边面积分布范围变化大,分别分布在4~90 μm和2.50~39 927.80 μm2之间.砂岩中与油气充注有关的石英次生加大主要有两期,结合埋藏-温度史图,该两期石英次生加大边发育时间分别为距今15~6 Ma和4~0 Ma.钾长石溶蚀和沙三段砂泥岩层中黏土矿物的转化是研究区不同含油级别砂岩石英次生加大边发育的主要硅质来源.东营凹陷中央背斜带沙三段不同含油级别砂岩石英次生加大边发育具有相似性和差异性两种特征:（1）不同含油级别砂岩中石英次生加大边最大宽度和单颗粒石英次生加大边面积整体统计分布特征具有相似性;（2）石英次生加大边宽度和单颗粒石英加大边面积普遍存在差异性.砂岩孔渗性、含烃流体充注造成的酸性水介质环境和油水分布特征是造成沙三段不同含油级别砂岩石英次生加大边发育相似性和差异性的主要原因,该区砂岩中石英次生加大可作为含烃流体充注的成岩示踪标志.      

大别山区石英质玉宝石矿物学特征研究

大别山区石英质玉属新近发现的一种石英质玉（简称＂大别山玉＂）,具色彩绚丽、质地细腻温润等特点。利用偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射、化学分析、红外光谱分析等方法,重点对＂大别山玉＂的矿物组成、化学成分、物理光学性质、微结构、红外吸收光谱等特征进行研究。结果表明,＂大别山玉＂具较典型的微粒-细粒结构,主要矿物为石英,含少量的绢云母、绿泥石、萤石、黄铁矿及其它粘土矿物等次要矿物,实属石英质玉;其化学成分相对较纯,主成分为SiO2,含少量的Al2O3,CaO,MgO,Fe2O3,FeO,K2O等;其红外反射光谱以Si—O非对称伸缩振动致特征的1177,1104 cm-1谱带、Si—O—Si对称伸缩振动致800,781cm-1分裂谱带以及由Si—O弯曲振动致492 cm-1较强谱带和542 cm-1弱谱带为特征。同时,还对＂大别山玉＂的结晶度及水的赋存状态一并给予了探讨。     

黄色和红色石英质玉石的颜色成因研究

石英质玉石是由隐晶质-微显晶质石英矿物集合体组成的一种玉石,黄色和红色是石英质玉石最主要的颜色种类,近年来在珠宝市场上备受关注。前人研究结果表明,黄色石英质玉石的致色矿物颗粒非常细小,赋存于石英颗粒之间,通过一般的测试方法很难准确鉴定其种属。本文对云南龙陵、安徽霍山、广西贺州3个产地的石英质玉石进行了显微镜观察、拉曼光谱和紫外可见光吸收光谱测试,通过紫外可见光吸收光谱的一阶导数图谱,对石英质玉石的黄色和红色部位进行了研究。结果表明,黄色石英质玉石紫外可见光吸收光谱一阶导数图谱的特征峰有545~535 nm和435 nm,主要由针铁矿致色;红色石英质玉石紫外可见光吸收光谱一阶导数图谱的特征峰介于555~595nm之间,主要由赤铁矿致色;黄色和红色之间的过渡色可同时出现595~555 nm、545~535 nm和435 nm特征峰,主要由针铁矿和赤铁矿共同致色。     

云南磷铝石谱学特征研究

使用电子探针、X射线粉晶衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、激光拉曼光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计等仪器,对最近在云南发现的一种达到宝石级别的磷铝石进行了化学成分、矿物组成、红外吸收光谱、拉曼光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱等方面的研究。化学成分分析结果表明,该磷铝石的主要化学成分为P和Al,并含有少量的Fe和V;X射线粉晶衍射结果显示,该磷铝石的矿物成分主要为磷铝石,杂质较少;红外光谱与拉曼光谱分析均检出磷酸根基团的特征峰,红外光谱分析还显示有结晶水与结构水的存在;紫外可见吸收光谱在300和420 nm附近的吸收归属于Fe3+,630 nm附近较宽缓的吸收带由Fe3+和V3+共同产生。并将磷铝石与绿松石进行了谱学方面的对比分析,以便更好地区分两者。     

基于热红外遥感数据的西藏冈底斯东段岩性识别

ASTER数据包含有从太空测量来自地球表面的多光谱热红外辐射数据。通过对JHU光谱库中岩石矿物热红外光谱特征的分析,以及对ASTER影像TIR波段光谱特征进行分析,利用比值法和光谱角制图法SAM相结合进行石英、砂岩和硅酸盐岩类等造岩矿物识别并在西藏冈底斯东段泽当矿田应用,最后将遥感解译分析结果与该区已的地质资料进行比较。结果表明,ASTER影像TIR波段基本上能识别硅酸盐类造岩矿物,并且对于岩性识别具有很大的应用潜力。     

南平花岗伟晶岩中的羟磷铝锂石矿物学研究

羟磷铝锂石是南平稀有金属花岗伟晶岩中的重要标型矿物，可分为原生和次生两大类，最主要的是前者，一般呈块体状，共生矿物主要有销长石，钾长石，锂辉石，铌钽矿物。本文详细讨论了南平羟磷铝锂石的化学成分、Ｘ射线粉晶衍射资料、红外光谱和差热分析结果。南平原生羟磷铝锂石的交代蚀变作用十分发育，按其先后顺序，交代蚀变矿物组合有：石英—叶钠长石、次生羟磷铝锂石、细晶销长石—石英—次生磷灰石、次生复杂磷酸盐矿物和绢云母。     

鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区山西组储层成岩作用及孔隙演化

山西组致密砂岩是鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界重要的油气产层,其致密化过程对储层质量有重要影响.采用镜下鉴定、阴极发光、扫描电镜、储层物性和包裹体测温等测试分析手段,研究杭锦旗地区山西组储层发育特征、成岩作用和孔隙演化.结果表明:山西组岩石类型主要是岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩和石英砂岩;储层除有少量原生粒间孔外,还发育大量次生孔隙;...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an