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本文以河北省中南部平原农田表层土壤为研究对象,对表层土壤中7种重金属元素的形态含量进行了统计和分析,对重金属元素的生物有效性进行了评价,并运用相关分析法,对影响重金属元素生物有效性的因素进行了研究。结果表明,研究区表层土壤7种重金属元素的有效态含量以Cd最高,达36.83%,潜在生态危害性较大;其次为Pb,达13.37%,其中碳酸盐结合态达到12.38%,由于土壤呈中性或偏碱性,Pb元素的迁移能力较弱,其潜在危害性较小;Cu、Hg、Cr、As、Zn重金属元素含量均以稳定态的含量存在,之和均在90%以上,表明其潜在危害性较小;研究区土壤重金属元素的活性系数和迁移系数大小顺序为:CdPbHgCuZnAsCr和CdHgAsCuPbZnCr,其中Cd的活性系数和迁移系数平均值分别达到0.330和0.160,展现出较强的生物活性、不稳定性和迁移能力,其他重金属元素在土壤中活性系数(Pb除外)和迁移系数均较小,生物活性较弱,在土壤中稳定存在,由土壤中向植物中的迁移能力弱;研究区不同的重金属的生物有效性与其影响因素的关系不尽相同,其主要因素是土壤重金属元素全量,其次为p H、TOC、CEC、粘粒含量等,二者关系复杂。 相似文献
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采用盆栽试验,初步研究了干旱区绿洲土壤—胡萝卜系统中镉、锌、镍3种重金属的形态变化特征及其生物有效性问题。结果表明:供试绿洲土壤原状土中,Cd、Zn、Ni均以稳定的残渣态形式存在,而处理土壤中重金属被钝化的量有限,Cd的存在形式主要以碳酸盐态为主,Zn、Ni则主要以铁锰氧化态为主;3种元素的活性大小依次为Cd>Ni>Zn。根据回归分析,元素Zn对胡萝卜块茎和茎叶吸收Zn量贡献最大的分别是Zn的碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化态;元素Ni对胡萝卜各部位吸收贡献最大的均为Ni的铁锰氧化态。 相似文献
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煤矸石地表堆积是我国东部煤矿区生态环境破坏的典型形式,造成堆积区土壤重金属污染的防控已成为当前研究热点。以河北峰峰矿区某在用煤矸石山周边(方圆300 m以内)浅层土壤(垂直深度40 cm以浅)为研究对象,采用Tessier连续提取法和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪,测定Cu、Cr、As、Pb这4种土壤重金属的有效态、铁(锰)氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残渣态含量,基于生物活性系数(MF)和生态风险评价编码法(RAC)计算与评价4种土壤重金属生物有效性及生态风险,剖析4种土壤重金属形态组成与生物有效性的空间变化特征。结果表明:(1) 煤矸石的堆存具有提高周围土壤中Cu、Cr、As、Pb有效态质量分数和降低残渣态质量分数的效应,且与距煤矸石山的水平距离成反比,当水平距离达到或接近300 m时,该效应基本消失。(2) 土壤总有机碳(TOC)质量分数与4种重金属有效态质量分数的相关系数均超过0.6,达到显著正相关水平(p<0.05),是影响研究区土壤重金属有效态含量空间变化特征的主要因素。(3) 4种土壤重金属生物有效性的空间变化特征可分为2个类型,Ⅰ类为“MF值一般大于3,且具有显著的空间异质性”;如 Cu、Cr,Ⅱ类为“MF值一般小于3,且具有显著的空间同质性” ,如As、Pb。(4) 当距煤矸石山水平距离分别小于80和40 m时,土壤重金属Cu、Cr的 MF平均值超过中等风险水平阈值的60%,应予以重视。建议综合考虑煤矸石山存续状态、土壤重金属累积效应及生物有效性空间变化特征等因素,制定煤矸石堆积区土壤重金属污染精准防控及安全利用策略。 相似文献
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印染污泥中重金属形态分析及生物有效性 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
选取上海某印染厂的印染废水处理后的活性污泥样品,通过盆栽土培试验,用黑麦草对印染污泥进行修复,运用Tessier A连续提取法研究修复后黑麦草根际和非根际印染污泥中铅、铜、镍、锌、镉5种重金属形态的变化,以及重金属的生物有效性与植物中有效态含量之间的关系。结果表明,栽培后根际与非根际环境中各重金属元素具有典型的形态分布特征:铅主要以离子交换态和残渣态存在;铜主要以碳酸盐结合态和残渣态存在;镍由紧结合态(铁锰氧化物结合态+有机结合态)向离子交换态转移;锌的有机结合态和碳酸盐结合态有所增加;镉主要以离子交换态和铁锰氧化物结合态为主,说明镉元素较活泼,具有潜在的环境影响能力,应该给予更多的关注。印染污泥中重金属的生物有效性与重金属元素的性质有关,铜、锌的生物有效性较高,其次是铅,最低是镍、镉。 相似文献
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干旱区绿洲土壤共存重金属元素形态变化及生物有效性实验分析——以Cd、Zn、Ni元素为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用盆栽试验,初步研究了干旱区绿洲土壤—胡萝卜系统中镉、锌、镍3种重金属的形态变化特征及其生物有效性问题。结果表明:供试绿洲土壤原状土中,Cd、Zn、Ni均以稳定的残渣态形式存在,而处理土壤中重金属被钝化的量有限,Cd的存在形式主要以碳酸盐态为主,Zn、Ni则主要以铁锰氧化态为主;3种元素的活性大小依次为Cd>Ni>Zn。根据回归分析,元素Zn对胡萝卜块茎和茎叶吸收Zn量贡献最大的分别是Zn的碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化态;元素Ni对胡萝卜各部位吸收贡献最大的均为Ni的铁锰氧化态。 相似文献
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土壤重金属生物有效性研究进展 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
土壤重金属污染具有巨大环境风险。笔者围绕土壤重金属元素生物有效性(可给性)概念、元素形态与有效性影响因素、有效态(可给态)实验技术,综述了国内外研究现状。土壤金属元素形态和生物有效性取决于其地球化学行为、元素成因来源、土壤理化条件(p H值、有机质、粘土矿物与化学活性矿物、土壤粒级组成等)以及植物根际效应等。选择性单步提取和连续提取是检测土壤元素形态、有效态的有效和可行方法。针对手—口是土壤铅等污染物在儿童群体暴露的重要途径,发展了生物可给态体外试验方法。土壤污染物生物有效性和可给性已成为土壤污染风险评价的重要指标参数,实验成果也为土壤污染修复提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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海南土壤中Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd四种重金属含量及其生物有效性的研究 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
对海南0个土壤样品中的nl、Pb、Cu、0四种重金属的总量和生物有效态含量以及45个植物样(根、茎、叶)中的重金属含量分别进行了测定,采样点基本上覆盖了海南全省,测定结果表明,土壤中nl总量低于全国平均值,而Pb、Cu、Cd高于全国平均值,土壤中重金属生物有效态含量一般低于其总量的10%,其中Pb最高为7.71%,而Cu仅为1.13%,具有较大的变异性;植物中重金属含量与土壤中重金属总量呈现负相关性,但与土壤中有效态重金属含量一般呈现正相关性,叶中的重金属含量与土壤中有效态重金属含量之间的相关性更为显着,叶中的重金属含量与土壤中有效态重金属含量之间的相关系数分别为:Zn(0.726),Cu(0.626),Pb(0.n4),Cd(0.512)。这说明土壤中重金属总量并不能全面的评价土壤的环境效应和重金属的生物有效性,应该把重金属总量和生物有效态含量结合起来加以研究,并应将土壤中重金属的含量与植物中该元素含量之间作相关分析,根据其相关系数的大小来判断其生物有效性的程度。 相似文献
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Wenhong FAN Jun CHEN 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):261-261
The mimetic ocean environment and chemical method were used to research the bioavailability effect of humic acid on five heavy metals in sediment, including Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni. The sediment was separated into four containers with artificial seawater, and each of them had different concentrations of humic acid. The values of concentrations covered the whole range found in natural sediment (0.1%-10%). According to the 48 hours LC50 of clam and distribution coefficient, metals were added in artificial seawater, and their speciation was determined at first and then after two days' incubation. It was found the bioavailability of heavy metals was reduced in the presence of humic acid. The obvious negative effect on Zn was observed, but the influence on Cd was not remarkable. In addition, the contents of Pb and Ni increased obviously in organic phase, and they are correlative with the concentrations of humic acid. 相似文献
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A comparison between heavy metals released from soil and its efficient speciation extracted by sequential extraction procedure 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
ZHANG Hui 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(1):36-40
A simulating experiment was carried out on the interaction between natural precipitation and soil. The results demonstrated that the contents of heavy metals (V, Co, Cr, and Ni) released from soil into the solution under Earth's surface conditions are higher than the contents of those metals bonded to exchangeable species, which were extracted by sequential extraction procedure recommended by Tessier and others in 1979. It is demonstrated that the metals bonded to other 3 species (carbonate, Fe-Mn oxide, and organic matter) except those bonded to the exchangeable species in efficient speciation can be released under the Earth's surface conditions, when pH=4 in the reaction system, and the higher correlation coefficient indicated that the concentrations of heavy metals released from soil into the solution vary approximately with reaction time in terms of index regulations. 相似文献
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Xuyin YUAN Xu DENG Zhiyong SHEN Bing LIU Ying CHEN 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):91-91
The Yangtze River Delta Region is one of the most important economic development areas in China. In the process of its industrialization and urbanization, a great deal of wastewater is poured into rivers, lakes and coasts. Researches on contamination and bioavailability of heavy metals can help us to assess the ecological risks in the aquatic environment of the Yangtze River Delta. The samples were collected from three environmental compartments including the Yangtze River, Taihu Lake, and the south coast of Jiangsu. The concentrations of heavy metals were determined by ICP-MS. Metal speciation was determined by the sequential extraction procedure modified based on Tessier's scheme. Among the seven elements of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Co, Ni detected, the contents of Cr, Zn did not vary significantly, while Cd and Pb varied significantly. Compared to the background values (loess in the basement), all metals detected except Co, Cr exceeded the background level. Cd had the greatest exceeding values, reaching 2 to 7 times. Ni and Pb were followed. The contents of Zn were comparatively high in lake sediments, especially in the lake bays. Ni was enriched in fiver sediments and Cu was highest in sediments from the Yangtze River estuary. Cd and Pb were concentrated in the coastal sediments. Comparatively, in space, Cr was associated with the carbonate fractions in the bay of lake. Cu-bound Fe-Mn oxides and Ni in residual form were highest in the open lake. In the river environment, Fe/Mn oxide-bound Pb, exchangeable Cd were the highest fractions. In the estuary environment, Pb and Zn bound carbonates, Cd-bound Fe-Mn oxides are the largest fractions. Cd in the exchangeable fraction, Cu-bound Fe-Mn oxides had the larger proportions in the coast. In general, the bioavailability of Cu and Cd were high in lake environment, the available Pb, Cd were remarked in river environment, and Pb and Zn were easily assimilated by creatures in estuary. 相似文献
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金沙江(攀枝花段)水系沉积物中重金属的形态特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用连续提取法,并用原子吸收光谱法进行分析研究了金沙江攀枝花段水系沉积物中重金属的形态及分布特征。研究发现:①各重金属的形态以残渣态为主,离子交换态含量很少;②各元素的形态有自己的特点。铜在有机硫化物结合态中的含量较高,钴在碳酸盐结合态中的含量较高,铅锌钴的铁锰氧化物结合态均较高;③有效态对水环境质量具有潜在的危害。 相似文献
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铜陵矿区土壤重金属元素的空间变异及污染分析 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
运用地统计学分析手段对铜陵矿区土壤中的As、Cd、Hg、Pb和Zn5种重金属元素进行空间变异分析及空间插值,并进行污染分析,以期为铜陵矿区土壤环境评价、土壤污染修复及环境决策提供科学依据。数据来源于"安徽省江淮流域多目标区域地球化学调查"结果,采用Johnson变换进行正态转换,地统计拟合变异函数中,As、Cd元素为球状模型,Pb、Zn元素为五球形模型,Hg元素为指数模型。结果表明,As、Cd、Pb、Zn元素的变异函数表现为各向异性,其方向性可能主要受矿床分布控制;Hg元素块金效应较大,表明其受小 相似文献
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The contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, As, and Hg was investigated in the neighboring areas of a lead smelting enterprise and the metals contamination of soil was evaluated with the methodologies of the single factor index and Nemerow integrated index. It is found that the content of heavy metals in the neighboring areas has no obvious difference from the reference points. And the soil contamination of heavy metals varies by elements, the contamination index follows the pollution order: Cd〉Hg〉Cr〉As〉Pb. The pollution degree of Cd is at high level and Hg at low level, but Cr and As reached the warning level. Therefore, the lead smelting enterprises should not only control lead but also other heavy metals as Cd. 相似文献
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土壤重金属元素地球化学行为是目前国内外研究的热点。研究显示重金属元素地球化学行为与土壤理化性质有密切关系。本文选择河北平原农田为研究区,采集了325个根系土样品,测定了Pb、Hg有效态含量,并探讨了影响其地球化学行为的主要因素。研究表明:(1)Pb、Hg水溶态和离子交换态与土壤p H值呈显著负相关关系,土壤酸化使Pb、Hg有效性增加,直接导致农作物中Pb、Hg含量增加,保持土壤p H值在弱酸性至弱碱性范围,防止土壤酸化,可以降低重金属危害。(2)土壤中有机质含量与Pb、Hg全量呈显著的正相关性,但与水溶态和离子交换态呈负相关。所以土壤中有机质的增加可以降低Pb、Hg元素水溶态和离子交换态含量。(3)随着土壤黏粒的增加,Pb、Hg水溶态和离子交换态含量降低,说明黏粒可以吸附一定量的重金属离子,与重金属元素Pb、Hg地球化学行为存在一定关系。土壤p H值、有机质、黏粒是控制重金属元素Pb、Hg地球化学行为的重要因素。 相似文献