李官桥盆地与垣曲盆地早第三纪哺乳动物化石层位及有关问题的探讨

通过新化石地点的发现及对过去分类的各地点、各层位化石的整理研究及广泛对比,对河南西部红层盆地化石层位提出了较为理想的时代顺序,并在此基础上对垣曲盆地渐新统存在与否及中国东部早第三纪生物古地理的划分提出了初步意见。     

Comparative analysis of marine paleogene sections and biota from West Siberia and the Arctic Region

The analysis of the main biospheric events that took place in West Siberia and the Arctic region during the Early Paleogene revealed the paleogeographic and paleobiogeographic unity of marine sedimentation basins and close biogeographic relations between their separate parts. Most biotic and abiotic events of the first half of the Paleogene in the Arctic region and West Siberia were synchronous, unidirectional, and interrelated. Shelf settings, sedimentation breaks, and microfaunal assemblages characteristic of these basins during the Paleogene are compared. The comparative analysis primarily concerned events of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) and beds with Azolla (aquatic fern). The formation of the Eocene Azolla Beds in the Arctic region and West Siberia was asynchronous, although it proceeded in line with a common scenario related to the development of a system of estuarine-type currents in a sea basin partly isolated from the World Ocean.     

The Cenozoic on-shore basins of Northern Vietnam: Biostratigraphy,vertebrate and invertebrate faunas

A first account of paleontological data from three Cenozoic on-shore basins in Northern Vietnam, i.e. the Na Duong, Cao Bang, and Hang Mon basins, reveals a rich fossil fauna and flora of supposed Oligocene age, offering a great potential for taxonomic, paleoenvironmental, and paleobiogeographic studies. Two excavation campaigns unearthed well-preserved fossil remains of mammals, crocodiles, at least six turtle species, some 20 fish taxa, some other 20 mollusc species, and different plant remains. The majority of these taxa are regarded as new to science. However, close affinities to modern faunas of northern Southeast Asia demonstrate the importance of these fossils for an evaluation of the biological history of this modern biodiversity hot spot. Moreover, the fossil assemblages may help to disentangle the intricate Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia by application of paleobiogeographic modelling. Finally, the discovery of complex paleo-food-webs and the presence of several taxa indicative of certain ecological conditions provide a solid base for autecologic, synecologic and paleoclimatic studies. The potential biostratigraphic value of the macrofauna has to be demonstrated yet, as evolutionary concepts for most of the respective groups have not been proposed to date.     

Mesozoic-Cenozoic Basin Features and Evolution of Southeast China

The Late Triassic to Paleogene(T_3-E) basin occupies an area of 143100 km~2,being the sixth area of the whole of SE China;the total area of synchronous granitoid is about 127300 km~2;it provides a key for understanding the tectonic evolution of South China.From a new 1:1500000 geological map of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins of SE China,combined with analysis of geometrical and petrological features,some new insights of basin tectonics are obtained.Advances include petrotectonic assemblages, basin classification of geodynamics,geometric features,relations of basin and range.According to basin-forming geodynamicai mechanisms,the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin of SE China can be divided into three types,namely:1) para-foreland basin formed from Late Triassic to Early Jurassic(T_3-J_1) under compressional conditions;2) rift basins formed during the Middle Jurassic(J_2) under a strongly extensional setting;and 3) a faulted depression formed during Early Cretaceous to Paleogene (K_1-E) under back-arc extension action.From the rock assemblages of the basin,the faulted depression can be subdivided into a volcanic-sedimentary type formed mainly during the Early Cretaceous(K_1) and a red -bed type formed from Late Cretaceous to Paleogene(K_2-E).Statistical data suggest that the area of all para-foreland basins(T_3-J_1) is 15120 km~2,one of rift basins(J_2) occupies 4640 km~2,and all faulted depressions equal to 124330 km~2 including the K_2-E red-bed basins of 37850 km~2.The Early Mesozoic (T_3-J_1) basin and granite were mostly co-generated under a post-collision compression background, while the basins from Middle Jurassic to Paleogene(J_2-E) were mainly constrained by regional extensional tectonics.Three geological and geographical zones were surveyed,namely:1)the Wuyishan separating zone of paleogeography and climate from Middle Jurassic to Tertiary;2)the Middle Jurassic rift zone;and 3)the Ganjiang separating zone of Late Mesozoic volcanism.Three types of basin-granite relationships have been identified,including compressional(a few),strike-slip(a few), and extensional(common).A three-stage geodynamical evolution of the SE-China basin is mooted:an Early Mesozoic basin-granite framework;a transitional Middle Jurassic tectonic regime; intracontinental extension and red-bed faulted depressions since the Late Cretaceous.     

The problems of radiolarian-based dating of Jurassic-Cretaceous siliceous rocks from accretionary complexes,the Russian East

Radiolarians, which represent the most widespread fossil faunal group in jaspers and cherts, are the best tool for determining the geological age of Jurassic-Cretaceous volcanogenic-siliceous sequences in the Pacific margin of Russia, because they meet all the conditions required for orthostratigraphic groups, i.e., demonstrate rapid evolutionary changes of their assemblages, completeness of their record through the geological section, and a wide lateral distribution. The selection of biostratigraphic scales for determining the age of radiolarian assemblages is of principal significance. The significant difficulty in correlating Tethyan and Pacific assemblages is similar to that appearing in the case of the correlation between the Tethyan and Boreal ammonite standards. The existing discrepancies are explained by the different life spans of some guide species that determine the stratigraphic range of particular zones in their geographic type areas and may be different in other paleobiogeographic regions and provinces. The program of scientific studies should include the search for and thorough analysis of Jurassic-Cretaceous sections in Russia that contain simultaneously radiolarians, buchians, and ammonites. Such sections might provide the possibility for developing a single scale for the transitional sections and outlining ways for correlating the Tethyan and Pacific assemblages.     

河南省白垩系-古近系界线划分初探

河南省上白垩统与古近系均为陆相沉积 ,在全省范围内 ,两者间呈假整合或不整合接触 ,在沉积特征上显示出较大的差异 ,在古生物群的演化方面 ,也各自具有不同的特色。界线上的间断 ,反映了燕山事件序列第 幕在河南的普遍存在 ,它控制了河南新生代沉积盆地的形成和发展 ,进而影响中国大陆的地质演化历史。因此 ,河南省白垩系与古近系界线的确定 ,可以为我国中、新生代界限和白垩系 -古近系界线的研究 ,提供可利用的实际材料     

Infrazonal biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous in the East European province based on benthic foraminifers,Part 2: Santonian-Maastrichtian

A chart of infrazonal biostratigraphic subdivisions in the Cenomanian-Coniacian succession of the East European paleobiogeographic province is substantiated based on distribution of benthic foraminifers. The suggested chart characterizes successive trend of changes in ecologic assemblages of benthic foraminifers and morphologic evolution of certain agglutinated (Gaudryina, Ataxophragmium, Ataxoorbignyina, Arenobulimina, Novatrix, Voloshinovella, Orbignyina, Bolivinopsis) and secretory (Neoflabellina, Globorotalites, Stensioeina, Osangularia, Eponides, Gavelinella, Pseudovalvulineria, Pseudogavelinella, Brotzenella, Cibicides, Cibicidoides, Angulogavelinella, Falsoplanulina, Anomalinoides, Coryphostoma, Bolivinoides, Praebulimina) foraminiferal genera. The chart includes 23 biostratigraphic units (zones and subzones), most of which are recognizable over the vast territory from the Mangyshlak to southern Baltic areas. It is correlated with the acknowledged belemnite, inoceramid, ammonoid and echinoid zonations. Eight stadia of taxonomic changes in foraminiferal assemblages, which are distinguished in this work, show that principal biotic events took place across the middle-late Santonian and Santonian-Campanian boundaries, in the earliest Campanian, at the early-late Campanian boundary time, during the late and terminal Campanian, and in the mid-early Maastrichtian.     

辽东南地区晚中生代地层序列与盆地演化规律

辽东南地区晚中生代地层发育不甚完全,具有两期盆地叠合演化的特征,即早中侏罗世和早白垩世两个演化阶段,经历了2次伸展裂陷和2次挤压反转。在详细研究辽东南地区各盆地岩石地层序列、生物化石组合特征、年代地层格架以及区域地层对比的基础上,讨论了盆地的演化阶段和演化规律,指出是古太平洋板块向东亚大陆边缘不同方向的俯冲与走滑,以及来自北方西伯利亚板块的持续碰撞挤压的联合构造应力场制约了中国东北地区晚中生代盆地的裂陷过程和构造反转的演化,进而为揭示华北克拉通晚中生代岩石圈演化的动力学机制提供参考依据。     

中国东北部兴安岭地区奥陶纪生物地层研究的新成果

较系统地总结了几十年来兴安岭地区奥陶纪生物地层研究的成果，以三叶虫化石为主对该区奥陶系进行了划分与对比，同时厘定了本区腕足类化石组合和笔石等重要化石层位，为兴安岭地区奥陶纪生物地层与我国华南、华北标准地区和其它地区以及与世界各区的对比提供了依据，同时为研究该区的地质问题提供了可靠的古生物资料。     

湖北当阳陆相白垩系-古近系界线层型问题值得深入研究

陆生恐龙的绝灭是白垩系-古近系界线事件中最引人注目的。陆相地层是恐龙绝灭等事件信息的重要载体。全球白垩纪、古近纪陆相地层发育、分布广泛,单一的白垩系-古近系全球界线层型(GSSP)不能满足建立一个明确而可操作的界线标准的需要,建立陆相白垩系-古近系界线层型很有必要,其意义和重要性实际上不亚于建立GSSP。中国的白垩系、古近系绝大多数为陆相沉积,且陆相白垩系-古近系界线方面存在许多问题,而中国目前正在做陆相地层建阶和完善"中国区域年代地层表"工作,不解决好陆相白垩系-古近系界线问题,中国古近系最下面的一个阶便建不好,"中国区域年代地层表"将不完善,所以建立陆相白垩系-古近系界线层型对于中国更加迫切并具实际价值。全球白垩纪-古近纪过渡时期(特别是古新世早期)的连续陆相生物地层记录十分匮乏,寻找合适的剖面建立陆相白垩系-古近系界线层型非常困难。从轮藻角度出发,湖北当阳跑马岗组露头剖面拥有全球迄今所知最连续丰富多样的白垩纪-古近纪过渡时期特别是古新世早期的陆相生物地层记录。界线层段的介形类生物地层记录也非常连续且丰富多样,并具建立界线层型的其他许多条件。它是中国至今所知惟一具有潜力成为全球(或大区性、或中国)的陆相白垩系-古近系界线层型、也即中生界-新生界界线层型的候选剖面(露头剖面),从而也可能是中国古近系、也即新生界最下面一个阶的最合适的建阶剖面或层型剖面。为此,湖北当阳陆相白垩系-古近系界线层型问题无疑值得重视和深入研究。     

青藏高原中东部古近纪盆地封闭的构造-沉积-岩浆活动

青藏高原中东部分布着一系列中小型古近纪盆地,详细的野外地质调查、盆地构造-沉积学和生物地层学、地球化学和岩浆岩的40Ar/39Ar年代学结果表明,盆内充填了紫红色的陆源碎屑岩夹火山碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩和石膏层,并被晚期岩浆岩所切割,盆缘地层发生大规模掀斜而形成高陡地层和挤压向斜,盆内地层发生褶皱变形.地层内部细碎屑岩孢粉和...     

山东平邑—蒙阴地区古近纪地层时代讨论

通过对山东平邑—蒙阴地区古近纪地层的野外地质调查和实测剖面,对分布于该区内的古近系进行了详细的研究和划分。提供了新的ESR测年数据,并结合生物地层序列确定了该区古近系的地层顺序为：古近系渐新统汶东组（E3w）、古近系上始新统大汶口组（E2^3d）、古近系中始新统朱家沟组（E2^2Z）、古近系下始新统常路组（E2^1c）、古近系上古新统卞桥组（E12b）和古近系下古新统固城组（E1^1g）。为华北地区乃至全国古近系的研究与划分提供了重要依据。     

华北寒武系层序地层格架及碳酸盐台地演化

华北寒武系包括两大套岩系，即辛集组至徐庄组以碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩交互沉积为特征的岩系，代表碳酸盐台地的发展阶段；张夏组至上寒武统的碳酸盐岩系，代表台地的成熟阶段，其中张夏组代表平顶型台地发育阶段，晚寒武世地层形成缓坡型台地的发育阶段。在岩性、岩相、相序研究的基础上，在寒武纪地层中识别出８个三级层序，它们在碳酸盐台地不同的发育阶段，具有不同的相序特征，以及由不同的相序组构代表的、不同的地层堆积作用特点。     

Infrazonal biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous in the East European province based on benthic foraminifers, Part 1: Cenomanian-Coniacian

A chart of infrazonal biostratigraphic subdivision of Cenomanian-Coniacian deposits in the East European paleobiogeographic province is based on distribution of benthic foraminifers. The suggested chart characterizes successive trend of changes in ecologic assemblages of benthic foraminifers and morphologic evolution of certain agglutinated (Gaudryina, Bolivinopsis, Heterostomella, Arenobulimina, Ataxophragmium, Ataxoorbignyna, Marssonella) and secretory (Globorotalites, Valvulinera, Gyroidinoides, Stensioeina, Osangularia, Berthelina, Pseudovalvulineria, Gavelinella, Cibicides, Praebulimina, Reussella) foraminiferal genera. The chart includes 7 zones and 13 subzones, most of which are recognizable over the vast territory from the Mangyshalk to southern Baltic areas. It is correlated with the acknowledged ammonoid and inoceramid zonations. Five stadia of taxonomic changes in foraminiferal assemblages, which are substantiated in this work, show that principal biotic events took place in the mid-late Cenomanian, during the Cenomanian-Turonian and early-middle Turonian transitions, in the late Turonian, and at the early-middle Coniacian boundary time.     

中国海域区古近纪含煤盆地与煤系分布研究

新近纪和古近纪是全球重要的聚煤期。中国古近纪聚煤盆地分布在东部沿海省区,是全球性环太平洋聚煤带的组成部分。中国海域区含煤沉积盆地虽然也属于断陷盆地和坳陷盆地类型,且成群出现,但总体构造背景有利于含煤沉积的持续发展,盆地群连续性好,含煤沉积厚度大,如琼东南盆地、东海海域西湖凹陷,含煤沉积厚度达1 km以上,这是陆上区古近纪含煤盆地所不能相比的。研究表明,海域区的聚煤盆地内大多由若干凹陷组成,为聚煤凹陷,可分为两大类,即半地堑凹陷和地堑凹陷。根据成煤盆地的水体深浅又可分为深水半地堑凹陷和浅水半地堑凹陷,地堑凹陷均为深水凹陷。盆地内表现为明显的两个聚煤带：缓坡聚煤带和陡坡聚煤带,缓坡聚煤带占绝对优势。在潮坪体系的潮上带和潮间带沼泽,利于聚煤作用的广泛发生。泥炭的堆积可能存在两种形式：原地堆积和异地堆积。由于盆地构造的频繁活动异地堆积可能是海域区聚煤盆地成煤作用的重要形式。海域区巨厚的含煤沉积为海域区煤成气成藏提供了丰厚的物质基础。又由于含煤地层埋深大,煤的变质作用程度相对较高,成为良好的烃源岩。     

大庆探区外围盆地中、新生代地层对比及四大勘探层系

大庆外围盆地的区域对比与组合规律研究,对于揭示东北中、新生代盆地演化规律和拓展油气开发思路具有重要意义。利用岩性特征、古生物化石组合、同位素等资料,对大庆探区外围盆地中、新生代地层进行了对比,总结了地层发育的宏观规律,提出了中—上侏罗统、下白垩统、上白垩统和古近系四大勘探层系,为大庆探区外围盆地进一步的沉积、构造演化及石油地质研究提供了可靠的依据。     

中国古近纪构造-地层区划及地层格架

古近纪是地球演化进程中最为关键的时段之一,如印度与欧亚板块碰撞和青藏高原初始隆升、太平洋板块向西往欧亚大陆俯冲伴随大规模弧后裂陷、古新世-始新世极热和渐新世初大降温、哺乳动物和被子植物大辐射等,因此,建立中国古近纪构造-地层区划及地层对比格架,是进一步深入研究古近纪时期地球表层岩石圈-水圈-大气圈-生物圈等多圈层耦合演化的基石,意义十分重大.中国古近纪构造-地层区划主要反映古近纪阶段中国范围内的构造-地层的一级和二级单元的划分与各单元内的主要盆地构造背景与分布特征.本次通过对中国古近纪大地构造、沉积盆地(群)、火山岩、隆起带和大型变形构造等的综合研究,共厘定出一级构造-地层单元(大区)10个,二级构造-地层单元27个(区),包含各类沉积盆地129个.通过对各个地层分区内盆地的盆地类型、构造控制背景、沉积序列及地层接触关系的研究,建立了中国古近纪地层对比格架,并对中国古近纪时期沉积-构造耦合历史进行了系统总结.      

塔里木盆地侏罗纪孢粉植物地理区系

塔里木盆地南部地区侏罗纪的孢粉化石 ,可分为 5个孢粉组合 :1) Cyathidites- Classopollis组合 ;2 ) Disac-ciatrileti- Cyathidites- Classopollis- Quadraeculina组合 ;3) Disacciatrileti- Cyathidites- Classopollis- N eoraistrackia组合 ;4) Disacciatrileti- Cyathidites- Classopollis组合 ;5 ) Cyathidites- Classopollis- Disacciatrileti组合。这些组合与塔北地区的组合明显不同 ,与我国华南亚区侏罗纪孢粉组合基本一致 ,属于华南侏罗纪孢粉植物地理亚区的范畴 ,而塔北地区的组合与我国华北亚区侏罗纪孢粉组合大体一致 ,属于华北侏罗纪孢粉植物地理亚区的范畴。因此 ,塔里木盆地侏罗纪孢粉植物地理分区界线应划在盆地的近中间 ,从西北向东南延伸     

Distribution of clay minerals in surface sediments of the Aegean Sea: a compilation

Extensive published data sets and some new data on the clay mineral composition of surface sediments in the Aegean Sea, northeastern Mediterranean Sea, have been compiled in order to map the distribution patterns of clay mineral assemblages and to decipher source areas and transport paths. We distinguished six provinces, a Northwest Aegean Province, a Marmara-Dardanelles Province, a West Turkey Province, a Southeast Aegean Province, a Kithira Province and a Central Aegean Province. The clay mineral assemblages in the coastal and shelf areas carry the signature of the riverine sediment discharge from southeast Europe and Turkey, respectively. The southern Aegean Sea is probably influenced by the River Nile discharge and transport of clay minerals by surface currents. The clay minerals in the central Aegean Sea form a mixed assemblage comprising components of the other assemblages. A dispersion and dilution of clay minerals by surface currents is obvious.