A NOTE ON THE GEOGRAPHY OF SPORT

The recent phenomenon of relative metropolitan decline and non-metropolitan growth is set into two broader frameworks: first, decentralization is an expected consequence of earlier industrialization and metropolitanization; and, second, the change follows a parallel shift in power, industrialization, and urbanization from the core to the periphery of the country. Evidence is found for both. The older industrial states thus exhibit non-metropolitan growth, whereas many newly industrializing states continue to show vigorous metropolitanization.     

WHOSE IMAGE OF WHAT? A NOTE ON THE MEASUREMENT OF INDUSTRIALISTS' ATTITUDES AND IMAGES*

This paper illustrates how spurious results can be generated through the misapplication of analytical techniques in industrial geographic studies of managerial attitudes and images. Two techniques, correlation in conjunction with factor analysis and simple attitude scaling, are used to structure attitude data from samples of plastics and electronics enterprises in Singapore. The noncomparable results highlight the very specific logic that a technique can impose on a study, a logic that may conflict with the aims of the study.     

浅谈旅游景点共享城市商务散客市场—以佛山市为例

对广东佛山市旅游市场蝗调查研究表明，景点旅游者市场与酒店旅游者市场存有着差异，景点未能共享酒店的商务旅游者市场，文中从分析如何引导旅游者实现决策行为入手，探讨佛山市的商务散客未能实现观光决策行为的原因及其实现观光行为的可能性，并提出实现城市商务旅游者观光决策行为，以使景点共享酒店商务散客市场的几点建议。     

IMPACT OF THE TELEGRAPH ON THE BUFFALO AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY MARKET: 1846–1848*

Development of the Buffalo Commodity market in the pre-telegraphic period was limited because of delays and uncertainties in information flows. The irregular operation of the telegraph during its first year restricted its value for market operators. By the middle of 1847, however, its reliability had improved, thus facilitating the operation of the market.     

ISTANBUL'S BOSTANS: A MILLENNIUM OF MARKET GARDENS*

ABSTRACT. For centuries, a network of market gardens throughout Istanbul provisioned the city with fresh vegetables. These bostans and their gardeners held a respected place in Istanbul life, contributing to the city's food and employment needs. Today, only fragments remain. Massive urban development, intense competition for metropolitan space, modernization, changing institutions and laws, and the global industrialization of food have threatened this tradition with extinction. But in spite of the overwhelming forces behind their demise, some of Istanbul's bostans persist. Efforts to support and promote the gardens, and to draw from the expertise and experience of their gardeners, are emerging. From a historical perspective, this article examines Istanbul's bostans to understand their meaning and contribution to the city's people and landscape.     

MARKET TRADE IN DECENTRALIZED DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF CAJAMARCA,PERU *

Decentralized development views market trade and market towns as part of a comprehensive strategy to divert economic development away from major metropolitan areas. Seventy-one traders were surveyed in the central market of Cajamarca, Peru in 1981. Most are women earning minimal incomes, primarily because of price controls and expensive credit. Stimulating market trade as it is currently organized seems unlikely to assist migrants in secondary towns or to stimulate agricultural development in their hinterlands.     

A CAUTIONARY NOTE ON THE USE OF THE ALLOMETRIC FUNCTION TO ESTIMATE URBAN POPULATIONS

Use of the allometric function to estimate the number of inhabitants of urban areas, given knowledge of their land areas obtained through satellite photographs, rests as much on the stability of this function over time as on its goodness of fit to a cross section of cities at a single point in time. Using urban land and population data for four countries, the United States, Japan, Sweden, and Norway, this paper demonstrates that the function is not generally stable but rather has been subject to rapid upward shifts over the past 10 to 20 years.     

DEFENSE BY EXPANSION: THE CASE OF MARSHALL FIELD*

Geographical studies of corporate behavior tend to overlook reactions from competitors and implicitly equate expansion with success. The paper challenges this tradition by discussing the defense of a troubled department store company against hostile takeover bids by expansionary strategies. The expansion was directed initially towards the bidders' home markets to create potential conflicts with antitrust laws. When the bidders retreated, the expansion was refocused on growth markets to maximize both corporate size and thereby also the financial resources needed for its takeover.     

A CAUTIONARY NOTE ON THE USE OF THE ALLOMETRIC FUNCTION TO ESTIMATE URBAN POPULATIONS

Use of the allometric function to estimate the number of inhabitants of urban areas, given knowledge of their land areas obtained through satellite photographs, rests as much on the stability of this function over time as on its goodness of fit to a cross section of cities at a single point in time. Using urban land and population data for four countries, the United States, Japan, Sweden, and Norway, this paper demonstrates that the function is not generally stable but rather has been subject to rapid upward shifts over the past 10 to 20 years.     

广州工业旅游发展战略探讨

工业旅游是一类特殊的综合型旅游产品,近年在我国发展很快,表现出都市综合型、特色工业城市、名胜旅游区三大类型.发展工业旅游具有宣传广告、科普教育、带动第三产业、兼备学术交流、优化企业环境、推进城市旅游发展和精神文明建设等显著的综合效益.广州具有发展都市型工业旅游的资源、设施、区位、市场和旅游发展基础等良好的软硬条件,应当抓住当前广州工业旅游发展的大好形势,着重从工业旅游的景观特色营建和旅游产品优化两个方面入手,从战略发展的高度加以理论探讨和实践引导,让这一新生事物长盛不衰,魅力永存.     

RESIDENTIAL LOCATION AND THE PROVISION OF HUMAN SERVICES: SOME DIRECTIONS FOR GEOGRAPHIC RESEARCH*

The concentration of poor, service-dependent groups in aging central cities results both from suburbanization of the affluent and from the reliance of the service-dependent population upon place-specific human services provided by the public sector. Such concentration of services and their users in deteriorating inner-city sites may be functional for the larger society, but it has adverse impacts upon those who are service dependent. This paper argues that the implications of locational interdependence between such groups and their support services demand a paradigm for urban geography that centers upon the fundamental structure and impacts of population/service-provision linkages.     

新世纪中山市产业发展战略研究

改革开放以来,中山市经济发展迅速,形成了以二、三产业为主的产业结构,高新技术产业具有一定规模和实力,专业镇不断发展状大,但产业高度较低,集约化程度不高,产业布局分散,规模效益差.在对中山产业特征和问题分析的基础上,提出了产业发展的3大战略:产业创新战略、走向深层次的产业集群战略、产业整合战略.     

试论工业区工业企业成组布局的经济效果和最佳规模的确定

分析了工业区工业企业成组布局与分散布局相比较的经济效果,并采用年费用指标作为评价成组布局经济效果的基本指标。本文还分析了工业成组布局的经济效果与工业区规模之间的关系。本文以年费用最小为目标函数,以成组布局工业区的一些主要企业(基本企业)和与其相应的具有替代关系的分散布局企业(对比企业)为变量,建立了工业成组布局经济效果及最佳规模优化模型。     

中国智力资源空间分布及其影响因素研究

现代社会已步入知识经济时代。知识经济显著特点就在于信息、知识等各种类型的智力资源取代工业经济的资本上升成为新的、决定性的终极资源和核心生产要素。在研究智力资源涵义的基础上，选取了投入、产出、环境支持、智力资源4个系统30个不同指标，运用数理统计方法中的因子分析来定量研究中国智力资源空间分布特点，从而进一步分析出影响中国智力资源的空间分布的4个主要因素：经济发展程度、行政区标准问题、历史因素和区域文化模式不同。     

丹霞山形象定位与市场推广初探

丹霞山自开发以来的20多年中,游客明显以1996年为分界点,认为1996年以前游客徘徊不前的根本原因是旅游地形象危机,1996年后游客每年平均以近20%的速度增加的主要原因是丹霞山新景区的开发给景区注入新的形象并进行了有效的市场推广,丹霞山从而进入了发展的黄金时期.通过对游客与员工的抽样调查,在分析丹霞山资源和市场的基础上,对旅游地的形象定位进行了分析,并根据丹霞山的实际提出了市场推广策略.