The effects of source lithology, transport, deposition and sampling scale on the composition of southern California sand

The Transverse Ranges of southern California represent an uplifted and variably dissected Mesozoic magmatic arc, and Mesozoic to Holocene sedimentary and volcanic strata deposited in convergent and transform tectonic settings. Modern sand within part of the Western Transverse Ranges represents: first-order sampling scale of the Santa Monica and the San Gabriel Mountains; second-order sampling scale of the Santa Clara River draining both mountain ranges; and third-order sampling scale of the beach system between the mouth of the Santa Clara River and the eastern Santa Monica Mountains, and turbidite sand of the Hueneme-Mugu submarine fan. Source lithology includes plutonic and metamorphic rocks of the San Gabriel Mountains, and sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Santa Monica Mountains. First-order sands have large compositional variability. Sand from local coastal drainage of the Santa Monica Mountains ranges from basaltic feldspatholithic to quartzofeldspathic. Sand of the San Gabriel Mountains local drainages has three distinct petrofacies, ranging from metamorphiclastic feldspatholithic to mixed metamorphi/plutoniclastic and plutoniclastic quartzofeldspathic. Second-order sand is represented by the main channel of the Santa Clara River; the sand has an abrupt downstream compositional change, from feldspathic to quartzofeldspathic. Third-order sand (beaches and deep-sea turbidite samples) of the Santa Monica Basin is quartzofeldspathic. Beach sand is more quartz-rich than is Santa Clara river sand, whereas turbidite sand is more feldspar-rich than is beach sand. Deep-sea sand has intermediate composition with respect to second-order samples of the Santa Clara River and third-order samples of the beach system, suggesting that (1) the Santa Clara River is the main source of sediments to the marine environment; and (2) local entry points from canyons located near local drainages may generate turbidity currents during exceptional flood conditions. Petrologic data of modern sand of the study area are highly variable at first- and second-order scale, whereas third-order sand is homogenized. The homogenized composition of deep-marine sand is similar to the composition of most ancient sandstone derived primarily from the Mesozoic dissected magmatic arc of southern California. This study of the Western Transverse Ranges illustrates the effects of source lithology, transport, depositional environment, and sampling scale on sand composition of a complex system, which provides insights regarding actualistic petrofacies models.     

准南西段侏罗系——白垩系物源特征及沉积背景

准噶尔盆地南缘西段侏罗系—白垩系储层油气勘探潜力巨大,但目前有关其物源条件及沉积背景认识极为有限,严重制约了后续储层的有效预测和勘探。据此,通过对侏罗系—白垩系储层碎屑矿物及砾石成分特征、重矿物类型及组合特征、古水流特征、地层岩性比例特征等进行深入对比分析,并在此基础上结合区域构造演化对各地层沉积物源体系及其演化进行详细探讨。研究结果表明:侏罗系—白垩系储层物源主体受控于北部和南部再循环沉积岩系山体,但仍受北部扎伊尔山和南部中天山结晶变质岩系山体源区的影响,其影响程度自早侏罗世到早白垩世逐渐降低。下组合沉积期南部、北部物源同时存在,且研究区存在混源特征,但不存在统一且稳定的沉积中心。早侏罗世沉积物源背景相对稳定,原始沉积边界距现今最远;自中侏罗世开始受控于车莫古隆起演化影响,北部物源得以加强,同时地层发育不均衡并存在剥蚀现象;自晚侏罗世开始直至早白垩世,周缘沉积岩系山体隆升范围和幅度不断加大,并阻隔结晶变质岩系山体供源路径,沉积边界也随之逐渐萎缩,但这一时期北部物源可为优势物源,且研究区整体处于“填平补齐”状态,即齐古组沉积期可存在沟谷—残丘地貌特征,而下白垩统清水河组沉积前研究区整体呈准平原化状态。     

琼东南盆地上新世中央峡谷物源分析及其意义

中央峡谷是南海西北部重要的沉积体之一,物源问题一直是其研究的焦点问题,并且至今没有统一的认识.为了解决中央峡谷物源问题,本文利用重矿物、稀土元素以及锆石年龄等物源分析方法,通过与潜在物源区进行对比,确定了中央峡谷的主要物源,探讨了其成因意义.研究结果表明:①红河是中央峡谷的主要物源,对中央峡谷的形成起到主导作用;②红河水系在历史时期曾经发生重大改变,这种改变可能发生在3.6 Ma至今的某个时期;③中央峡谷源于红河,其形成与大河注入相关,并在琼东南盆地中央凹陷带形成大型储集体,为其成为深水油气勘探目标提供了物质基础.     

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷古近纪多幕裂陷旋回的沉积物源响应

为阐明惠州凹陷古近纪构造活动对物源供给与沉积充填的控制作用,以LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年为主要技术手段,对惠州凹陷古近系不同层段的8件样品中的锆石形态及年代组成进行分析,定量研究其物源供给规律.南部物源,即盆内基岩凸起与东沙隆起,以中生代火成岩为主;北部物源,即盆外华南褶皱带,岩性及年代学复杂.结果显示从下文昌组-上文昌组-恩平组的砂岩样品中,中生代锆石颗粒含量逐渐降低,前寒武-古生代锆石颗粒含量逐渐增加,表明惠州凹陷具有早期南部供源逐渐到晚期北部供源的转换规律.惠州凹陷构造演化分为3幕:裂陷Ⅰ_A、Ⅰ_B和Ⅱ幕.裂陷Ⅰ_A幕,下文昌组沉积时期,凹陷南部断层活动强烈,砂岩中锆石以中生代颗粒为主,沉积相类型以靠近南部断裂带发育的扇三角洲及中深湖相为主;裂陷Ⅰ_B幕,上文昌组沉积时期,北部边界断裂带活动强度增加,中生代锆石颗粒含量为68%,前寒武-古生代颗粒含量为32%,表明该时期南北同时供源,沉积体系以扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲及中深湖相为特色;裂陷Ⅱ幕,恩平组沉积时期,北部断层持续活动,前寒武-古生代锆石颗粒含量为64%,中生代颗粒含量为36%,证实恩平组沉积时期以北部物源为主,发育了浅水辫状河三角洲、滩坝以及薄煤层.      

中建海底峡谷地貌及沉积特征的分段性

中建海底峡谷具有分段性,但分段的关键地貌特征、各段沉积充填及其控制因素缺乏精细描述和系统论证.综合利用高分辨率二维和三维地震资料,结合水深地貌数据,对中建海底峡谷地貌及沉积特征进行了详细分析,总结了其南北段沉积过程的主控因素.中建海底峡谷呈NW向顺直展布于广乐隆起与西沙隆起之间,以华光礁附近的地貌高点为拐点被分为南北两段.中建海底峡谷北段沉积体系包括重力流沉积（水道、席状沉积、滑塌体）和底流沉积（漂积体、环槽、谷槽）,南段以重力流水道和海底扇为主.北段沉积体系受底流和重力流交互作用控制,底流自中中新世开始出现,改造重力流水道,使其出现侧向迁移或翼部不对称现象,上新世以后重力流作用减弱,底流作用增强,沉积物波和漂积体广泛发育;峡谷南段水道表现出侵蚀-沉积-废弃的沉积旋回,未见底流沉积现象.相对海平面变化导致碳酸盐生产率变化影响物源供应,从而控制水道沉积演化,碳酸盐台地的“高位溢流”作用决定水道在高水位时发育.      

东营凹陷青南地区沙四上亚段物源沉积体系与滩坝分布

滩坝砂岩是近年来东营凹陷沙四上亚段油气勘探活跃且成效显著的一类隐蔽岩性地层油气藏,但在青南地区,由于缺乏对物源沉积体系的系统研究,对滩坝的分布范围和规模认识不足,制约了该区的精细勘探和储量升级。通过砂岩重矿物组合和泥岩特征元素比值分布模式的综合物源分析认为,北部物源主要供应方向为西南方向,南部物源主要供应方向为西北方向和正北方向,且南部物源影响范围显著大于北部物源,并将南北物源的混合区域限定在X7井-Wx583井-W58井-W126井-L74井-Wx119井-L108井-L2井-L64井-Lx63井连线一带;通过岩石学和测井研究在研究区划分出冲积扇、三角洲、湖泊、重力流4种沉积体系和近岸水下扇、扇三角洲、河流三角洲、湖泊和深水浊积扇5种沉积相类型;通过物源控制下的沉积相连井对比和不同砂组时期沉积相的平面分布研究,厘清了物源沉积体系的演化特征和各类砂体,特别是滩坝的分布范围和规模,为油田的精细勘探提供依据。青南地区沙四上亚段滩坝主要来自南部物源,其发育规模仅次于河流三角洲,发育层位遍及整个沙四上亚段,单个砂组的发育规模受同时期河流三角洲发育规模的影响较大,受扇三角洲发育规模的影响较小:河流三角洲发育规模较大但扇三角洲不发育的纯下3砂组-纯上4砂组时期,滩坝发育规模较大;河流三角洲发育规模逐渐缩小但扇三角洲发育规模逐渐增大的纯上3砂组-纯上1砂组时期,滩坝发育规模也逐渐减小。     

柴北缘西段古近纪物源体系分析

沉积区物源分析对研究造山带构造演化、盆地沉积过程及划分油气区带等方面具有重要的意义。为了查明柴达木盆地北缘构造带古近纪物源方向,通过对古近系碎屑岩的碎屑组成、岩屑成分、重矿物组合特征和ZTR指数的研究,并结合前人的研究成果,初步确定古近纪柴北缘西段发育五大主力物源区:(1)牛东物源主要来自阿尔金山东段,重矿物组合以稳定且含量较高的电气石区别于邻区,碎屑组分中以石英和含量较高的长石为特征,岩屑中含有少量的碳酸盐岩岩屑;(2)冷北物源主要来自小赛什腾山方向,重矿物组合中榍石和赤铁矿的含量明显偏高,碎屑组分中以高岩屑为特征;(3)赛西物源主要来自赛什腾山西段,电气石和角闪石含量较高,碎屑组分较为均一,母岩以变质岩和火成岩为主,含少量碳酸盐岩岩屑;(4)赛东物源主要来自赛什腾山东段,其白钛矿含量明显高于邻区,碎屑组分以较高含量的石英和长石为主,岩屑类型主要为变质岩、火成岩和沉积岩岩屑;(5)九龙山物源主要来自九龙山和绿梁山地区,石榴石含量高且稳定,碎屑组分较为均一,母岩以变质岩和火成岩为主,含少量的非碳酸盐岩类沉积岩岩屑。     

奥里诺科重油带MPE-3区块Oficina组辫状河三角洲沉积相定量刻画

委内瑞拉盆地奥里诺科重油带MPE-3区块Oficina组辫状河三角洲沉积相定量刻画难度大,是制约该区块水平井高效开发的关键地质因素。在区域沉积背景研究的基础上,利用岩芯描述和分析化验资料,确定该地区为辫状河三角洲沉积,区内主要发育辫状河三角洲平原和三角洲前缘亚相,心滩、复合心滩坝、辫状河道、决口扇/溢岸、泛滥平原、水下分流河道、分流间湾、席状砂和潮汐砂坝等微相。综合利用地震和测井资料、现代沉积测量类比和经验公式等三种方法,实现了研究区主要沉积微相的定量刻画,认为辫状河河道带宽度介于1~5 km,水下分流河道宽度在1 km左右,建立了心滩宽与心滩长、心滩宽与辫状河道宽度、水下分流河道单河道宽度与深度之间关系的经验公式,进一步阐明了Oficina组沉积时期辫状河三角洲沉积演化规律,为提高研究区超重油油藏采出程度提供了重要地质依据。     

陆丰南地区断拗转换界面厘定及其地质意义

珠江口盆地经历裂陷阶段向拗陷阶段的转变，同期沉积地层记录了该构造变革和沉积演化过程，为厘定断拗转换界面提供了可能。基于地震反射、沉积旋回特征，识别出陆丰南地区恩平组内部存在全区可追踪对比的构造沉积转换面——T72界面，也是区分上下恩平组界面。对陆丰13洼洼间隆钻井LFA开展上下恩平组碎屑锆石U- Pb 定年、重矿物组分、元素分析，提出恩平组T72界面上下地层物源体系发生转变。结合区域沉积充填特征，表明陆丰南地区T72界面为断- 拗转换界面。具体表现为：下恩平组沉积期湖盆继承文昌期裂陷盆地特征，湖盆水体较深，物源主要为盆地内部的中生代基底凸起，沉积层序明显受盆内低凸起控制，在盆内低凸起四周发育一系列近源的辫状河三角洲，井区主要接受来自惠陆低凸起物源;上恩平组沉积期间，湖盆进入断拗过渡期，湖盆扩大、水体变浅，盆内低凸起四周的断裂活动减弱，沉积层序逐渐向盆内低凸起超覆，盆外太古宙—古生代物源组分供给不断加强，近源的三角洲砂体逐渐向远源的浅水三角洲砂体转化，同时发育宽广的滨浅湖环境，原供给物源的惠陆低凸起为水体淹没，井区接受了北部隆起外的物源。     

准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系碎屑成分特征及其对构造属性、盆山格局的指示意义

砂岩碎屑成分分析是进行沉积物源岩石类型、构造属性和盆山演化分析的重要途径。准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系物源构造属性以“再旋回造山带”、“弧造山带”和部分“岩浆弧”物源为特征,物源岩石类型主要为中酸性岩浆岩、变质岩和沉积岩,岩石成分、重矿物含量及其组合显示东、西剖面在物源上存在一定差异。天山内部侏罗系物源构造属性以“再旋回造山带”、“混合造山带”为主,物源岩石类型主要为中酸性岩浆岩和变质岩,但各剖面的岩石成分、重矿物组合特征及相对含量差异较大。综合天山内部与准噶尔盆地南缘野外剖面沉积特征、岩屑成分及钻井岩心分析表明,天山地区早、中侏罗世盆山格局以盆地沉积范围大、天山正地形较小为特征,不存在地理分割明显的天山山脉,侏罗纪盆地南缘至少存在三个物源体系(西准噶尔山、克拉麦里山和(古)天山);晚侏罗世一早白垩世早期,岩石成分成熟度偏低,砾岩等粗碎屑沉积明显增多,同时不稳定重矿物及其组合稍有增加可能与晚侏罗世天山构造格局分异、构造活动相对活跃有关,天山山脉明显隆升并造就天山南北沉积环境的巨大差异。     

Physical controls on sand composition and relative durability of detrital minerals during ultra‐long distance littoral and aeolian transport (Namibia and southern Angola)

Sediment in coastal Namibia to southern Angola is supplied dominantly from the Orange River with minor additional fluvial input and negligible modifications by chemical processes, which makes this a great test case for investigating physical controls on sand texture and composition. This study monitored textural, mineralogical and geochemical variability in beach and aeolian‐dune sands along a ca 1750 km stretch of the Atlantic coast of southern Africa by using an integrated set of techniques, including image analysis, laser granulometry, optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and bulk‐sediment geochemistry. These results contrast with previous reports that feldspars and volcanic detritus break down during transport, that sand grains are rounded rapidly in shallow‐marine environments, and that quartzose sands may be produced by physical processes. Mechanical wear is unable to modify the relative abundance of detrital components, including pyroxene and mafic volcanic rock fragments traditionally believed to be destroyed rapidly. The sole exceptions are poorly lithified or cleaved sedimentary/metasedimentary rock fragments, readily lost at the transition to the marine environment, and slow‐settling flaky micas, winnowed and deposited offshore. Coastal sediments tend to be depleted in relatively mobile amphibole, preferentially entrained offshore or re‐deposited in sheltered beaches, while less mobile garnet is retained onshore. No detrital mineral displays a significant increase in grain roundness after 300 to 350 km of longshore transport in high‐energy littoral environments from the Orange mouth to south of the Namib Erg, but all minerals get rapidly rounded after passing into the dunefield. Pyroxene and opaques get rounded faster than harder quartz and garnet, but sand mineralogy remains unchanged. Excepting strong transient selective‐entrainment effects, physical processes are unable to modify sand composition significantly. Selective mechanical breakdown can be largely neglected in quantitative provenance analysis of sand and sandstone even in the case of ultra‐long‐distance transport in high‐energy environments dominated by strong persistent winds and waves.     

Provenance of the Upper Cretaceous to Eocene Gosau Group around and beneath the Vienna Basin (Austria and Slovakia)

Chemistry of detrital garnets, chrome spinels and tourmalines of 30 selected samples in combination with the general heavy mineral distribution from 523 sandstone samples of the Upper Cretaceous to Eocene Gosau Group of the eastern part of the Eastern Alps and the western West Carpathians result in an advanced picture of sedimentary provenance and palaeogeographic evolution of that area. Garnets from Coniacian to Campanian sediments are partly derived from a metamorphic sole remnant of Neotethys ophiolites to the south. Tectonically high ophiolitic nappes, later on completely eroded, supplied mainly the paleogeographically southern Grünbach and Glinzendorf Gosau basins with ultramafic detritus, represented by chrome spinels of a mixed harzburgite/lherzolite composition, whereas no direct indications for a northern ophiolitic source, the Penninic accretionary wedge to the north of the Gosau basins, could be found. In the younger part of the Gosau basins fill, from the Maastrichtian to the Eocene, only almandine-rich garnets could be observed suggesting a southern provenance from low-grade metamorphic metapelites of exhuming Austroalpine metamorphic complexes. Ophiolite detritus is reduced in the Maastrichtian and disappears in the Paleogene.     

Gold in the beach placer sands of Chavakkad-Ponnani,Kerala Coast,India

Although sporadic mining of placer gold from river beds is not uncommon in India, there is no documented literature on the occurrence of gold in the beach placer sand deposits of the country. While characterizing the heavy minerals of the Chavakkad-Ponnani (CP) beach placer sands along the North Kerala coast, the association of gold with the pyriboles in these sands has been observed. A native gold grain of about 25 μm was seen to occur as an inclusion within an amphibole of hornblendic composition. The pyriboles of the CP deposit are angular to sub-angular indicating a nearby provenance that may be in the upstream reaches of the Ponnani River in the districts of Malappuram and Palakkad or further north in the auriferous tracts of the Wynad-Nilambur or Attapadi regions. It is argued that the occurrence of native gold in CP deposit is not a freak occurrence and that it warrants thorough investigation of all the pyribole-ilmenite-rich placers to examine the possible presence of gold and its abundance in the beach placers of northern Kerala coast.     

西秦岭徽县-成县早白垩世盆地沉积特征及其构造意义

徽县-成县(徽成)盆地是西秦岭造山带内一个具有代表性的早白垩世走滑拉分盆地。沉积相分析结果显示,盆地内部发育不同的沉积相组合,且呈现明显的时空变化特征。盆地充填序列分析表明,徽成盆地的沉积演化可划分为4个阶段:田家坝组沉积时期、周家湾组沉积时期、鸡山组沉积早期和鸡山组沉积晚期。田家坝组沉积时期,盆地南部以冲积扇砾岩和辫状河砂、砾岩沉积组合为主;周家湾组沉积时期,盆地西部以冲积扇砾岩和辫状河砂、砾岩沉积组合为主;鸡山组沉积时期,盆地北部和南部以冲积扇砾岩和辫状河砂、砾岩沉积为主。在整个沉积过程中,盆地中心表现为湖泊(前三角洲)相细粒沉积,而河流和三角洲体系则分布于冲积扇和深水湖泊(前三角洲)沉积之间。古流向和物源恢复结果证明,盆地沉积物主体来自于盆地北部、南部的花岗岩和前侏罗纪地层。盆地构造沉降和沉积充填过程主要受控于盆地北缘徽凤断裂,盆地南部抬升与盆地边界断层的活动密切相关,是盆地的主要物源区。     

准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系—白垩系物源及其演化特征

准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系—白垩系储层油气勘探潜力巨大,但关于其物源条件及沉积背景演化方面的认识较为有限,严重制约了后续油气勘探开发进程。为顺利开展后续油气勘探,笔者应用砂岩碎屑成分、砾岩砾石成分、重矿物类型及组合特征、古水流特征、地层岩性比例特征等物源分析方法,并结合区域构造演化背景,对准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系—白垩系沉积物源特征进行厘定,并恢复其演化过程。研究结果表明：早侏罗世,博格达山尚未隆升,准南东段物源体系受控于北部克拉美丽山及南部天山山体,研究区南部原始沉积边界距现今盆地边界最远;自中侏罗世以来,由于受周缘山体隆升及燕山运动影响,博格达山开始隆升并逐渐出露水面,对准南东段物源体系产生一定影响;自晚侏罗世—早白垩世,博格达山的持续隆升作用使其隆起高度和规模不断增大,并最终成为准南东段优势物源区,克拉美丽山隆起幅度也不断增大,而使其供源能力增强。整体上,早侏罗世—中侏罗世,准南东段受南部天山物源体系和北部克拉美丽山物源体系共同影响;而在中侏罗世—早白垩世这一沉积期,南部天山物源体系、北部克拉美丽山物源体系和博格达山物源体系并存,但各物源体系对准南东段侏罗系—白垩系影响程度存在差异。     

Source-area controls on the composition of beach and fluvial sands on the southern side of the Gibraltar Strait and Western Alboran Sea (Flysch Basin, Internal and External, Domains, Northern Rif Chain)

The southern side of Gibraltar and the Western Alboran Sea of the northern Rif coasts and rivers provide a natural field laboratory for sampling modern sand at different scales: small catchment basins (first order) and rivers draining mountain belts (second order). The Rifian chain represents a deformed and uplifted thrust-belt and related forelands composed of Palaeozoic nappes, metamorphic and plutonic basement, and their sedimentary Mesozoic and Cenozoic siliciclastic and carbonate cover, respectively. The present physiography of the Rif Chain is shaped by a rugged mountainous relief drained by different scale catchment basins that supply the nearby coastal and marine deep-sea environments. The analysis of the composition of modern fluvial and beach sands is useful for the interpretation of transported sediments by surface processes from the continent toward coasts and later to deep-water environments.Modern beach and fluvial sands of the southern side of Gibraltar and the Western Alboran Sea display three distinct petrologic littoral provinces, from the east to the west and from the north to the south, respectively, designated as: (i) the Tangier–Bel Younech Littoral Province with 90% of sand derived from erosion of Flysch Nappes (Flysch Basin Domain); (ii) the Bel Younech–Sebta Littoral Province with 64% of sand fed mainly by the metamorphic Units of Upper Sebtides and (iii) the Sebta–Ras Mazari Littoral Province with 74% of sand supplied from the epimetamorphic Palaeozoic Ghomaride Nappes and Alpine cover rather than Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary successions of the “Dorsale Calcaire” Units. Comparison of detrital modes of fluvial and coastal marine environments highlights their dispersal pathways and drainage patterns of actualistic sand petrofacies.     

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起春光区块沙湾组沉积特征新认识

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起沙湾组沉积环境存在较大争议,主流观点认为辫状河三角洲或者滩坝砂沉积。通过对研究区内钻井、古生物、地球物理资料分析认为,车排子凸起沙湾组并非水下环境,而是处于陆上暴露环境,发育冲积扇和河流沉积体系,其中研究区北部发育冲积扇体系,而中南部则发育河流体系,且不同沉积时期沉积体系类型发生变化:沙一段发育冲积扇-辫状河沉积,沙二段发育冲积扇-曲流河沉积,沙三段则缺少典型的河流沉积,以冲积扇体系及洪泛平原沉积为主。总体而言,春光区块沙湾组沉积期具有多物源、多沉积体系发育的特征,垂向上构成了两类冲积扇-河流体系沉积模式。     

准噶尔盆地南缘中-新生界碎屑成份特征与构造期次

准噶尔盆地南缘晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期、晚白垩世及晚新生代发育的近源粗碎屑沉积显示构造活动的存在。野外剖面及镜下碎屑成份统计表明:砾岩的砾石成份、砂岩碎屑成份的物源属性主要是再旋回造山带和晚古生代的岩浆弧,但盆地南缘东段与西段的岩屑组成及物源属性存在较大的差异。其中,沉积岩岩屑在晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期、晚白垩世和晚新生代发生了相应的增加,显示盆缘沉积岩物源的隆升—剥蚀作用和构造活动的相对活跃。砂岩碎屑特征、重矿物相对含量及重矿物组合特征证明盆地南缘东、西两段的物源属性存在较大差异,特别是不稳定重矿物的增加显示晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期、晚白垩世和晚新生代为构造相对活跃的构造环境。综合中-新生界沉积碎屑特征及差异分析,准噶尔盆地南缘中-新生代盆山格局发生了3次较大的转变过程,分别对应于上述3个时期。中-新生代3次构造活动对含油气系统形成具有重要控制作用,构造活动期次与油气藏形成、调整的期次也有良好的对应关系。     

漠河盆地上侏罗统沉积特征与构造背景

对晚侏罗世漠河盆地的沉积特征进行了分析,并探讨了其构造类型和成因机制。详细的沉积学研究表明:晚侏罗世漠河盆地主要发育冲积扇、扇三角洲和湖泊相沉积,属于前陆盆地的陆相磨拉石部分。晚侏罗世漠河盆地的物源来自南北两个方向,具有典型前陆盆地双向物源特点:北部物源区是蒙古-鄂霍茨克造山带,位于西伯利亚板块南缘;南部物源区是下伏板块基底,位于大兴安岭北部。根据沉积特征、区域大地构造背景和俄罗斯上阿穆尔盆地有关资料认为:晚侏罗世漠河盆地为漠河-上阿穆尔前陆盆地的南半部分,形成和演化受蒙古-鄂霍茨克造山带制约;晚侏罗世二十二站期和额木尔河期是漠河盆地的主要成盆期,该时期湖泊面积广阔、暗色泥岩发育,是烃源岩的重要形成期。     

冀中坳陷蠡县斜坡古近系沙一下亚段沉积物源分析*

基于对冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡碎屑岩分析化验资料,结合该区古水系与古地貌特征,从岩样的碎屑组分、岩屑类型、重矿物组合与ZTR指数及地震剖面反射特征等方面,对古近系沙河街组一段下亚段(沙一下亚段)沉积的物源方向进行综合研究。结果表明:蠡县斜坡古近系沙一下亚段的沉积物主要来自于斜坡西南部和北部,其中西南部物源区主要位于太行山隆起,沉积物分别由古大沙河经由斜坡南部及古唐河越过高阳低凸起运移进入斜坡,是主要物源;北部物源主要来自牛驼镇低凸起,是次要物源。西南部物源与北部物源交汇于蠡县斜坡东部西柳地区。